Chapter 11 Section 4 Civil War

1. Chapter 11 Section 4

2. Vicksburg
• Union needs to control the MS River
– New Orleans
– Shiloh
• Grant’s troops march 180 miles in 17 days

4. Vicksburg
• The Confederates had blockaded the
Mississippi River at Vicksburg
– it was important to open the blockade

5. Vicksburg
• South had rations for only a month.
• Vicksburg was completely enclosed.
• Continual bombardment and cannonade
for forty days, during which time
– 7,000 mortar shells,
– 4,500 gunboats shells.
• Grant proceeded to mine under some of
the Confederate works to blow them up.

6. The Siege of Vicksburg
• Siege of Vicksburg begins in May 1863.
• Inhabitants had taken shelter in caves dug
in the clay hills on which the city stands.
– Famine attacked the inhabitants, and mule
meat made a savory dish.

9. The Siege of Vicksburg
• After forty-eight days, city surrenders
– July 4, 1863 surrenders
• July 8 the last Confederate fort on the MS
surrendered

10. The Daily Citizen, Vicksburg, Mississippi
Thursday, July 2, 1863.
• [T]he great Ulysses—the Yankee
Generalissimo, surnamed Grant—has
expressed his intention of dining in Vicksburg
on Saturday next, and celebrating the 4th of
July by a grand dinner and so forth. When
asked if he would invite Gen. Jo Johnston to
join he said. 'No! for fear there will be a row at
the table.' Ulysses must get into the city before
he dines in it. The way to cook rabbit is 'first
catch the rabbit.' &c.

11. The Daily Citizen, Vicksburg, Mississippi
Thursday, July 2, 1863.
• Two days bring about great changes, The
banner of the Union floats over Vicksburg,
Gen. Grant has 'caught the rabbit;' he has
dined in Vicksburg, and he did bring his
dinner with him. The 'Citizen' lives to see it.
For the last time it appears on 'Wall-paper.'
No more will it eulogize the luxury of mule-
meat and fricasseed kitten—urge Southern
warriors to such diet never-more.

12. The Significance of Vicksburg
• Last Confederate stronghold on the MS
river
– Taking Vicksburg severs the South’s supply
lines.
• Union Navy could have safe passage
down the river.
– Union could freely patrol river to assist
Army.

14. Road to Gettysburg
• Lincoln replaces McClellan
• He refused to begin his battle campaigns
until directed to do so by Lincoln
• Lincoln finally commanded him to take
action in his President's General War Order
No. 1.

15. Road to Gettysburg

16. Lincoln replaces McClellan
• A sarcastic President Lincoln wires General
George McClellan: "I have just read your
dispatch about sore tongued and fatiegued
[sic] horses. Will you pardon me for asking
what the horses of your army have done since
the battle of Antietam that fatigue anything?"

17. Ambrose Burnside
• Takes command of
the army Nov. 1862

18. Fredericksburg I
• Dates: December 11-15, 1862
• Principal Commanders:
– Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside [US];
– Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS]
• Forces Engaged:
– 172,504 total (US 100,007; CS 72,497)
• Estimated Casualties: 17,929 total
– (US 13,353; CS 4,576)
• Result: Confederate victory
– “Mud March”
– Burnside replaced by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker

19. Mud March

20. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker
• Fighting Joe
• Mexican war vet
• Takes over for Burnside in
January 1863
• “48-year-old Massachusetts native
endowed with high courage and
low morals”
• His men relished their new
commander’s reputation
• “Joe Hooker is our leader, he takes
his whiskey strong, so our
knapsacks we will sling, and go
marching along.”

21. Chancellorsville
• Dates: April 30-May 6, 1863
• Principal Commanders:
– Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker [US];
– Gen. Robert E. Lee
• Forces Engaged:
– 154,734 total (US 97,382; CS 57,352)
• Estimated Casualties: 24,000 total (US 14,000; CS 10,000)
• Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded.
• Considered by many historians to be Lee’s greatest
victory.
• Result: Confederate victory

23. The Battle of Gettysburg

24. Gettysburg
• Most famous and most important Battle
– Lee looks for another shot at victory in the north
• July 1 to July 3, 1863
• Begins as a skirmish but by its end involved 160,000
Americans.
– Major cities in the North were under threat of attack
from Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia
• Confederate soldiers searching for shoes and other
supplies headed toward Gettysburg

25. George Meade
• 1862 seriously wounded
• Fought at Antietam

26. George Meade
• 1863 replaces John
Hooker, (three days
before Gettysburg)
• Victor of Gettysburg
• Overshadowed by
Grant
• Performed
Reconstruction duty
in the South

28. Lee at Gettysburg

29. The Battle of Gettysburg
• Overconfident after his great victory, Lee
pushed his troops into battle

30. Gettysburg
• Principal Commanders
– Maj. Gen. George G. Meade [US];
– Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS]
• Forces Engaged:
– 158,300 total (US 83,289; CS 75,054)
• Estimated Casualties:
– 51,000 total (US 23,000; CS 28,000)
• Description: Gen. Robert E. Lee concentrated his full
strength against Maj. Gen. George G. Meade
– July 4, Lee withdraws his army
– His train of wounded stretched more than fourteen miles.
• Result: Union victory

31. Pickett’s Charge
• "General, shall I advance?"
• "Charge the enemy and remember old Virginia!" yelled
Pickett
– 12,000 Rebels formed an orderly line that stretched a mile
– March takes 50 minutes
– Half the men die perished

32. Pickett’s Charge

36. Gettysburg Casualties

37. Gettysburg Address

38. Gettysburg Address
• Dedication of a national cemetery on a portion of
the Gettysburg battlefield.
• One of the most famous speeches given by a U.S.
President.

39. Gettysburg Address
• November 19, 1863 on the battlefield near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
• Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new
nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are
created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war. . .testing whether that
nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated. . . can long endure. We are met
on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as
a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It
is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we
cannot dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we cannot hallow this ground. The
brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our
poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what
we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather,
to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us. . .that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to
that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion. . . that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. . . that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom. . . and that government of the people. . .by
the people. . .for the people. . . shall not perish from the earth.

41. Gettysburg Address
• Paid tribute to the Union soldiers who
sacrificed their lives for union and
equality.
– Lines of the Gettysburg Address are even
carved on the walls inside the Lincoln
MemorialThe speaker before Lincoln, spoke
for two hours.
• Lincoln's believed that "the world will
little note, nor long remember what we
say here," his speech

42. Grant in the West

43. Chattanooga
• Date(s): November 23-25, 1863
• Principal Commanders:
– Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant [US];
– Gen. Braxton Bragg [CS]
• Estimated Casualties: 12,485 total (US 5,815; CS 6,670)
• Description: Union army under siege
– Ulysses S. Grant received command of the Western armies;
– A new supply line was soon established.
• One of the Confederacy’s two major armies was routed.
• Union held Chattanooga
– the “Gateway to the Lower South,”
– Becomes the supply and logistics base for Sherman’s 1864 Atlanta
Campaign.
• Result: Union victory

44. Grant Accomplishments
• Capture of Vicksburg
– Union control of the MS River
• Chattanooga
– Secured eastern TN
– Cleared a way for invasion of GA
• Appointed General in chief of Union
forces
– Lt. General (only other was Washington)

45. Section 5 Overview
• Final battles of the Civil War 1864
• General Ulysses S. Grant vs. General Robert E.
Lee's
• Gen. Sherman marched from Chattanooga
toward Atlanta.
– destroyed more than one-third of Atlanta
– Sherman's army cut a path of destruction that
reached to Georgia's coast and north into
South Carolina.
– Southerners were demoralized
• Atlanta's capture revitalized Northern support
for the war.

46. Section 5 Overview
• Voters reelected Lincoln (1864)
– Lincoln took it as a mandate to end slavery
permanently.
• Confederate hopes end at Appomattox
Courthouse.
• Terms of surrender
– Grant was generous to the Confederates.
– Lincoln outlined his plan for restoring the Southern
states to the Union
• Lincoln's in 1865, shocked the nation