5. CLI
• CLI
is
an
open
specificaRon
that
describes
executable
code
and
runRme
environment
• CLI
is
core
of
– MicrosoD
.NET
Framework
– Mono
(Open
Source)
– Portable.net
(Open
Source)
6. CTS,
CLS,
VES,
CIL
• Common
Type
System
(CTS)
– A
set
of
data
types
and
operaRons
that
are
share
by
all
CTS-‐compliant
programming
languages,
such
as
C#
and
VB
• Common
Language
SpecificaRon
(CLS)
– Set
of
base
rules
to
which
any
language
targeRng
the
CLI
should
conform.
• Virtual
ExecuRon
System
(VES)
– VES
loads
and
executes
CLI-‐compaRble
programs
• Common
Intermediate
Language
(CIL)
– Intermediate
language
that
is
abstracted
from
the
plaXorm
hardware
(In
Java:
class)
14. Keywords
• Single
rooted
class
hierarchy:
all
objects
inheritate
System.Object
• Almost
every
keyword
in
Java
can
be
found
from
C#
– super -> base
– instanceof -> is
– import -> using
– extends / implements -> :
• Otherwise,
pre`y
much
the
same
15. Memory
Handling
and
RunRme
• Memory
Handling
– Most
objects
in
C#
to
heap
using
new
– CLR
handles
garbage
collecRons
• RunRme
– C#
is
compiled
to
intermediate
langage
(IL)
– IL
runs
on
top
of
CLR
– IL
code
is
always
naRvely
compiled
before
running
16. OO
• No
global
methods,
just
like
in
Java
• Interface
is
pure
abstract
class
• No
mulRple
inheritance
17. Main
using System;
class A {
public static void Main(String[] args){
Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
}
18. Compiling
Several
Files
in
C#
C:CodeSample> csc /main:A /out:example.exe A.cs B.cs
C:CodeSample> example.exe
Hello World from class A
C:CodeSample> csc /main:B /out:example.exe A.cs B.cs
C:CodeSample> example.exe
Hello World from class B
19. Inheritance:
Base
Class
using System;
abstract public class Figure {
private int x;
private int y;
public Figure(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public void SetX(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public void SetY(int y) {
this.y = y;
}
public int GetY() {
return y;
}
public int GetX() {
return x;
}
public abstract double CalculateSurfaceArea();
}
21. Inheritance
public class Rectangle : Figure, IMove {
private int width;
private int height;
public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height) : base(x,y) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void MoveTo(int x, int y) {
SetX( GetX() + x );
SetY( GetY() + y );
}
public override double CalculateSurfaceArea() {
return width * height;
}
public static void Main(String [] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4, 5, 10, 10);
Console.Write( "Rectangle x: " );
Console.Write( r.GetX() );
r.MoveTo(5, 0);
Console.Write( "nRectangle y: " );
Console.Write( r.GetX() );
Console.Write( "nRectangle Surface Area: " );
Console.Write( r.CalculateSurfaceArea() );
Console.Write( "n" );
}
}
22.
23. Run
Time
Type
IdenRficaRon
public static void Main(String [] args) {
Object rectangleObject = new Rectangle(4, 5, 10, 10);
// Type cast from Object to Rectangle
Rectangle temp1 = rectangleObject as Rectangle;
// Check if cast was successfull
if(temp1 != null) {
Console.Write("Success: Object was casted to Rectangle!");
temp1.SetX(0);
}
}
24. ProperRes
public class Rectangle : Figure, IMove {
private int height;
private int width;
public int Width {
get {
return width;
}
set {
if(value > 0) {
width = value;
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Value was not set.");
}
}
}
public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height) : base(x,y) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
…
public static void Main(String [] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(5,5,10,10);
r.Width = 10;
Console.Write(r.Width);
// Value was not set
r.Width = -5;
}
}
25. Alias
using Terminal = System.Console;
class Test {
public static void Main(string[] args){
Terminal.WriteLine("Please don’t use this");
}
}
26. Namespaces
using System;
namespace fi.tamk.tiko.ohjelmistotuotanto {
public class Test {
public static void method() {
Console.Write("ohjelmistotuotanton");
}
}
}
namespace fi.tamk.tiko.pelituotanto {
public class Test {
public static void method() {
Console.Write("pelituotanton");
}
}
}
class App {
public static void Main(String [] args) {
fi.tamk.tiko.ohjelmistotuotanto.Test.method();
fi.tamk.tiko.pelituotanto.Test.method();
}
}
28. Variable
Length
Parameters
and
foreach
using System;
public class Params {
public static void Method(params int[] array) {
foreach(int num in array) {
Console.Write(num);
Console.Write("n");
}
}
public static void Main(String [] args) {
Method(1,2,3,4,5);
Method(1,2);
int [] myArray = {1,2,3,4};
Method(myArray);
}
}
29. OperaRon
Overloading
using System;
public class MyNumber {
private int value;
public MyNumber(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public static MyNumber operator+(MyNumber number1, MyNumber number2) {
int sum = number1.value + number2.value;
MyNumber temp = new MyNumber(sum);
return temp;
}
public static void Main(String [] args) {
MyNumber number1 = new MyNumber(5);
MyNumber number2 = new MyNumber(5);
MyNumber sum = number1 + number2;
Console.Write(sum.value);
}
}
30. ParRal
Types
• The
parRal
types
feature
enables
one
to
define
a
single
class
across
mul/ple
source
files!
• So
one
class
can
be
declared
in
several
files!
