Grade 11 - Gas Exchange and Smoking Let's have fun!

1. Smoking
Basic lung structure
Tobacco smoke
Diseases
Ways to quit

2. Lung structure

3. Functions of lung components
Trachea - takes air from nose and mouth
down to bronchi
Bronchi – Take air to smaller bronchioles
Bronchioles – smaller tubes that branch more
and more to take air to alveoli
Alveoli – air sacs with thin walls made of
single cells, allows diffusion of oxygen and
carbon dioxide to happen quickly

4. Function of ciliated epithelium in
trachea and bronchi
Cilia move mucus and trapped
dirt and bacteria out of tubes up
towards throat
Goblet cells make mucus
which traps dirt and bacteria
Mucus and cilia help to keep
the airways clear of dirt and
bacteria preventing infections

5. The Dangers of SmokingThe Dangers of Smoking
What does smoking do to ourWhat does smoking do to our
bodies?bodies?

6. Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Tar
Nicotine
Carcinogens
Click through to see what’s
inside a cigarette
And something
you’ll never get
from a
cigarette…

7. Cigarette smoke contains many
toxic compounds

8. TAR
This black
sticky
substance
contains
thousands of
chemicals,
some of which
are cancer
causing
(carcinogenic)

9. Carbon monoxide
The haemoglobin in your red
blood cells will pick up carbon
monoxide
rather than oxygen. This
reduces the amount of oxygen
carried to the
cells in your body. It certainly
causes many problems -
especially
for a developing baby if the
mother smokes.

10. Nicotine
Nicotine is an addictive drug that acts directly on the brain. It is the reason smokers
find it difficult to give up.
It raises the heart rate and blood pressure which can lead to other health problems.
It also make blood cells sticky and can lead to blood clots that can cause strokes
and heart attacks

11. Hydrogen cyanide
This is a poisonous gas
that is often used to
execute prisoners in the
USA! And smokers breathe
it in with every drag on a
cigarette. It damages cells
in the lungs.

12. Smoking related diseases
 Cancers caused by the carcinogens in
cigarette smoke
 Emphysema- when the alveoli walls break
down and gas exchange is reduced
 Bronchitis – inflammation and infections
that occur when mucus accumulates
because the cilia stop working

13. Lung cancer and tumour

14. Outside lung Inside lung
tumour

15. Emphysema
destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) for gas exchange leads
to extreme shortage of breath on exercising

16. Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi – heavy coughing, thick
mucus, difficulty breathing

17. Carbon monoxide
 Can cause babies to have a low birth weight if
mother smokes during pregnancy
 Due to less oxygen reaching the growing foetus

18. Babies birth weights against number of
cigarettes smoked

19. Methods to quit
 Hypnotherapy
 Acupuncture
 Nicotine patches
 Habit change
 Will power

20. What are you giving up if you
carry on smoking?
 The opportunity to spend all that money on
something else.
 Music, i-pod, i-phone, sports equipment
 Clothes
 Holidays
 Car
 Or anything else you might set your heart on!

21. Only five a day from age
14 to age 30 or
Rp 124.100.000
Smoke 15 a day for
20 years or
Rp 595.000.000
(but you probably won’t survive long
enough anyway if you smoke that many!)
Ten years smoking
25 a day or
Rp 391.000.000,-
50 a day for 35 years
or Rp 2.720.000.000
And something you’ll
never get from smoking…

22. Effects of cigarette smoke components
on the body
substance Effect on the body
Tar Accumulates in airways DOES NOT go into bloodstream
Paralyses cilia
Stimulates goblet cells to make more mucus
Causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Carcinogens Cause mutations to cells in bronchi walls leading to formation of
tumours
Carbon
monoxide
Absorbed into the blood stream
Combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
Reduces oxygen carried by the red blood cells
nicotine Absorbed into the blood stream
Increases heart rate
Makes platelets more sticky, increases chance of clots forming
Makes small arteries constrict