1. CARACTERISTICAS1. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la significación del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires.(Pedro de Mendoza fundó Buenos Aires).2. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ PASIVA cuando la significación del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza.(Buenos Aires fue fundada por Pedro de Mendoza).3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.4. El complemento de la oración activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente.5. Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras de pasiva:a) A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por Mr. Smith.b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomática). Esta estructura no es posible en castellano. MODELO DE VERBO EN VOZ PASIVATO BE SEEN = SER VISTO<br />PRESENTEI am seen, soy vistoyou are seen, eres vistohe is seen, es vistowe are seen, somos vistosyou are seen, sois vistosthey are seen, son vistosPRETERITO PERFECTOI have been seen, he sido vistoyou have been seen, has sido vistohe has been seen, ha sido vistowe have been seen, hemos sido vistosyou have been seen, habéis sido vistosthey have been seen, han sido vistosPASADOI was seen, fui vistoyou were seen, fuiste vistohe was seen, fue vistowe were seen, fuimos vistosyou were seen, fuisteis vistosthey were seen, fueron vistosFUTUROI shall be seen, seré vistoyou will be seen, serás vistohe will be seen, será vistowe shall be seen, seremos vistosyou will be seen, seréis vistosthey will be seen, serán vistos<br />PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO: I had been seen, había sido vistoCONDICIONAL: I should be seen, sería vistoFUTURO PERFECTO: I shall have been seen, habré sido vistoCONDICIONAL PERFECTO: I should have been seen, habría sido visto <br />VOICE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE<br />TOM WRITES A LETTERA LETTER IS WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM IS WRITING A LETTERA LETTER IS BEING WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM WAS WRITING A LETTERA LETTER WAS BEING WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM WROTE A LETTERA LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM HAS WRITTEN A LETTERA LETTER HAS BEEN WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM HAD WRITTEN A LETTERA LETTER HAD BEEN WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM WILL WRITE A LETTERA LETTER WILL BE WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM IS GOING TO WRITE A LETTERA LETTER IS GOING TO BE WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM CAN WRITE A LETTERA LETTER CAN BE WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM COULD WRITE A LETTERA LETTER COULD BE WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM MUST WRITE A LETTERA LETTER MUST BE WRITTEN BY TOM<br />TOM MAY WRITE A LETTERA LETTER MAY BE WRITTEN...<br />TOM MIGHT WRITE A LETTERA LETTER MIGHT BE WRITTEN...<br />EVERYBODY THINKS CATHY WORKS VERY HARD. CATHY IS THOUGHT TO WORK VERY HARD. <br />THEY BELIEVE TOM IS WEARING A WHITE PULLOVER.TOM IS BELIEVED TO BE WEARING A WHITE PULLOVER. <br />SOMEONE GIVES ME A DOGA DOG IS GIVEN TO MEI DON'T LIKE PEOPLE TELLING ME WHAT TO DOI DON'T LIKE BEING TOLD WHAT TO DO<br />MARIETTA UNDERSTOOD THE LESSONTHE LESSON WAS UNDERSTOOD BY MARIETTA.<br />RALPH LISTENS TO THE RADIO.THE RADIO IS LISTENED BY RALPH.<br />SOME CRIMINAL PEOPLE KILL MANY WHALES DAILY.MANY WHALES ARE KILLED DAILY BY SOME CRIMINAL PEOPLE.<br />COLOMBIA WILL EXPORT THE BEST MEAT TOWARDS OTHER COUNTRIES.THE BEST MEAT WILL BE EXPORTED TOWARDS OTHER COUNTRIES BY COLOMBIA.<br />ANNIE HAS EATEN TWO FISH.TWO FISH HAVE BEEN EATEN BY ANNIE.<br />ELIZABETH AND BETTY HAVE BOUGHT DRESSES.(THE) DRESSES HAVE BEEN BOUGHT BY ELIZABETH AND BETTY.<br />I WASHED THE CAR.THE CAR WAS WASHED BY ME.<br />I WROTE THE BOOK.THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY ME.<br />I CLEANED MY CARTHE CAR WAS CLEANED BY ME<br /> YOU HAVE READ THIS BOOKTHIS BOOK HAS BEEN READ BY YOU<br /> MY FATHER COOKED THE DINNERTHE DINNER IS COOKED BY MY FATHER <br />I GAVE HER A BOOKSHE WAS GIVEN A BOOK BY ME<br />THE HUNTER CHASES THE TIGER. THE TIGER IS CHASED BY HIM.<br />HE IS CHASING THE TIGER.THE TIGER IS BEING CHASED BY HIM.<br />HE CHASED THE TIGER.THE TIGER WAS CHASED BY HIM.<br />HE WAS CHASING THE TIGER.THE TIGER WAS BEING CHASED BY HIM.<br />HE WILL CHASE THE TIGER.THE TIGER WILL BE CHASED BY HIM.<br /> HE IS GOING TO CHASE THE TIGER. THE TIGER IS GOING TO BE CHASED BY HIM.<br />I SHOULD STUDY FRENCH. FRENCH SHOULD BE STUDIED BY ME.<br /> I MUST DO MY DUTIES.DUTIES MUST BE DONE BY ME.<br /> HE HAS CHASED THE TIGER.THE TIGER HAS BEEN CHASED BY HIM.<br /> HE HAD CHASED THE TIGER. THE TIGER HAD BEEN CHASED BY HIM.<br />THE POLICE RESCUED THE BOY.THE BOY WAS RESCUED BY THE POLICE.<br />THAT HORSE KICKED ME!I WAS KICKED BY THAT HORSE!<br />THE POLICE ARRESTED THE THIEVES.THE THIEVES WERE ARRESTED BY THE POLICE.<br />I PEEL THE TOMATOES.THE TOMATOES ARE PEELED.<br />THEY GAVE ME THE OSCAR IN 1998.I WAS GIVEN THE OSCAR IN 1998.<br />THE ACADEMY GAVE ME THE OSCAR IN 1998.I WAS GIVEN THE OSCAR IN 1998 BY THE ACADEMY<br />THEY ARRESTED HER LAST WEEK. SHE WAS ARRESTED LAST WEEK<br /> JOHN WROTE A LETTER. A LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY JOHN<br /> THEY INVITED TEN FRIENDS TO THE PARTY. TEN FRIENDS WERE INVITED TO THE PARTY<br />THEY HAVE JUST BUILT A NEW HOUSE. A NEW HOUSE HAS JUST BEEN BUILT<br /> THE POLICE CAUGHT THE THIEVES YESTERDAY. THE THIEVES WERE CAUGHT BY THE POLICE YESTERDAY<br />THE MAID WILL CLEAN ALL THE HOUSE FOR TOMORROW. ALL THE HOUSE WILL BE CLEANED BY THE MAID FOR TOMORROW<br /> MY BROTHER HIT ME.I WAS HIT BY MY BROTHER<br /> THEY REMOVED TWO CARS FROM THE STREET. TWO CARS WERE REMOVED FROM THE STREET<br /> THEY HAVE JUST CLEANED THE ROOM. THE ROOM HAS JUST BEEN CLEANED<br />WE WILL BUILD A NEW HOUSE.THE ROOM HAS JUST BEEN CLEANED<br />HE WAS DISMISSED LAST MONTH.THEY DISMISSED HIM LAST MONTH.<br />THE CAR WAS INVENTED IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.SOMEONE INVENTED THE CAR IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.<br />THE CAKE WAS MADE BY THE CHILDREN.THE CHILDREN MADE THE CAKE.<br />THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN IN TWO MONTHS.I WROTE THE BOOK IN TWO MONTHS.<br />WE WERE SAVED BY THE POLICE.THE POLICE SAVED US.<br />THE CAR HAS BEEN TAKEN TO THE GARAGE.I HAVE TAKEN THE CAR TO THE GARAGE.<br />THE COMPUTER HAS BEEN BROKEN.SOMEONE HAS BROKEN THE COMPUTER.<br />THE CLOTHES HAVE JUST BEEN WASHED.I'VE JUST WASHED THE CLOTHES.<br />MY BROTHER STUDIES THE LESSON. THE LESSON IS STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER IS STUDYING THE LESSON. THE LESSON IS BEING STUDIED BY MY BROTHER.<br />MY BROTHER STUDIED THE LESSON. THE LESSON WAS STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER WAS STUDYING THE LESSON. THE LESSON WAS BEING STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER WILL STUDY THE LESSON. THE LESSON WILL BE STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER IS GOING TO STUDY THE LESSON. THE LESSON IS GOING TO BE STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER HAS STUDIED THE LESSON. THE LESSON HAS BEEN STUDIED BY MY BROTHER. <br />MY BROTHER HAD STUDIED THE LESSON. THE LESSON HAD BEEN STUDIED BY MY BROTHER.<br />