Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
iDRM – Interoperability Mechanisms for Open Rights Management Platforms
1. iDRM – Interoperability mechanisms for
Open Rights Management platforms
Ph.D. Dissertation Lecture
Professor Jaime Delgado*, Professor Miguel Dias** Carlos Serrão
*UPC/AC/DMAG, Barcelona, Spain
*IUL-ISCTE/DCTI/ADETTI, Lisboa, Portugal *cserrao@ac.upc.edu
**carlos.serrao@iscte.pt
carlos.j.serrao@gmail.com
*http://www.upc.edu
UPC - Universitat Politecnica de Calalunya **http://www.iscte.pt
3rd. December, 2008
2. Summary
Context and State of the Art
Specific Contributions
Rights Management interoperability and SOA
Using PKI towards Rights Management interoperability
Open Rights Management as a mean for interoperability
Secure Key and License management for open RM platforms
The OpenSDRM open RM platform
Wallet Rights Management interoperability middle-ware
License Templates
OpenSDRM use-cases and experiences
Conclusions and Future Work
Questions
2 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
5. Content
Advantages and Opportunities
Better content
New and better delivery channels
New customers
Fast delivery
...
Disadvantages and Challenges
Piracy and Uncontrolled distribution
...
5 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
6. Content
Answer from content industry
Digital
Rights
Management
and
Copy
Protection/Prevention
6 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
7. DRM interoperability
DRM involves the:
description
layering
analysis
valuation
trading
and monitoring of rights
over an individual or organization's assets, in digital format.
7 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
8. Digital Content Value-Chain
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Content Creation, Capture
Content Rights Establishment
Content Rights Validation
Content Packaging
Content Repository
Content Trading
Content Distribution
Content Trading
Content Distribution
Content Payment Content Trading
Permission Management
8 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
10. Digital Content Value-Chain
Creator Publisher Aggregator Consumer is PublisherConsumer is
Consumer is Distributor is Aggregator Consumer is
Creator
Consumer Retailer Consumer
Distributor Retailer
Consumers are “active” not “passive”
Consumers take other roles on DCVC
Changes the established rights management logic
10 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
12. Digital Rights Management
DRM 1.0 failure
Vulnerable DRM systems
Limitations to user experience
Limited availability
Offer limited protection
Imposition to end-users
Lack of interoperability
DRM 2.0 must solve these issues
12 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
13. Digital Rights Management
DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0
13 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
14. Digital Rights Management
DRM Layers
Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection
14 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
15. Digital Rights Management
DRM Layers – non-interoperable
Rights Management X Rights Management
DRM A
DRM B
Rights Enforcement X Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection X Copy Protection
15 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
16. Digital Rights Management
DRM Layers - interoperable
Rights Management Rights Management
Rights Enforcement Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection Copy Protection
16 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
17. Digital Rights Management
Interoperability strategies (International Standards):
Full format interoperability
Connected interoperability
Configuration driven interoperability
[Koenen et al., 2004] [Kalker et al., 2007]
17 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
18. Digital Rights Management
DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0
Interoperability
18 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
20. Contributions
Motivations/Objectives
Study the applicability of SOA to the creation of interoperable rights
management services
Use PKI-based solutions to create common trust environments between
different RM solutions/services
Design and implement an open, distributed, service-based architecture for
interoperable rights management infrastructure
Based on the key management life cycle, create a generic model for secure
license and key management for rights management solutions
Create an open and interoperable RM services-based platform (OpenSDRM)
Study and develop a mechanism to provide interoperability between different
content rendering applications and abstraction from REL
Evaluate the flexibility and adaptation of OpenSDRM to multiple use-cases and
scenarios
20 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
22. RM interoperability and SOA
SOA and Web-Services allow an easy and standard decoupling
mechanisms for application integration
This decoupling works based on three pillars:
Service Provider (WSDL)
Service Requester (SOAP)
Service Broker (UDDI)
Allows the distribution of services through an open network,
using open standards – such as HTTP
22 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
23. RM interoperability and SOA
Idea/Objective
Identification of most relevant rights management services
“Abstract” its proprietary implementation, through a well-defined
and public interface using WSDL
Interaction between services, can be performed via:
Proprietary communication channels, if they are internal to the same rights
management solution
Open SOA channels, if they are to be interoperable between different rights
management solutions
23 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
24. RM interoperability and SOA
Service decoupling Service
Broker
Request
service
WSDL Service Other
Service proprietary internal
Interface implementation Proprietary Services
communication
Services
Open communication
services (SOAP/HTTP)
WSDL Service Other
Service proprietary internal
Interface implementation Proprietary Services
communication
Services
24 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
27. RM interoperability and SOA
UDDI
Service
Broker Publish the RM
Ask for service service description
location and description
SOAP Communication
with the specific RM service
DRM
Governed
content
27 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
28. RM interoperability and SOA
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Using Service-oriented Architectures
towards Rights Management interoperability”, in Proceedings of the
International Joint Conferences on computer, Information and Systems
Sciences and Engineering (CISSE06), University of Bridgeport, USA, 4-14
December, 2006
Serrão C., Fonseca P., Dias M., Delgado J., “The Web-Services growing
importance for DRM interoperability”, in Proceedings of the IADIS
International Conference WWW/Internet 2006, Múrcia, Spain, 5-8 October,
2006
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Using Web-Services to Manage and Control
Access to Multimedia Content”, in Proceedings of The 2005 International
Symposium on Web Services and Applications (ISWS05), Las Vegas, USA,
2005
28 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
30. PKI and RM interoperability
From a security point of view, two major aspects need to be
considered in any DRM solution:
the digital object protection, in which the digital object is
packaged in a specific container that is locked, preventing non-
authorized copies or modifications, making usage of strong
cryptographic algorithms.
and the fact that through the entire object life cycle a trustworthy
environment must be established between the different actors,
devices and software components.
30 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
31. PKI and RM interoperability
Trust Environment
In a common DRM system, trust must be established between the
different elements
The way this trust environment is accomplished differs from DRM
implementation to implementation
There is no common trust system
This creates interoperability problems
31 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
32. PKI and RM interoperability
Users Content Users Content Users Content Users Content
DRM A DRM B DRM C DRM D
Trust Trust Trust Trust
Mechanism A Mechanism B Mechanism C Mechanism D
Non-Interoperability points
32 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
33. PKI and RM interoperability
Public-Key Infrastructures (PKI) are important for trust
environment establishment
PKIX (PKI for X.509) is currently one of the most deployed
PKI technologies, present in many security solutions
PKI offers functions/services that are crucial to the
establishment of trust environments:
Certification Authority
Registration Authority
Repository
Archive
33 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
34. PKI and RM interoperability
PKIX supports most of the security and trust functions that
DRM needs
DRM systems can “deliver” their security and trust
requirements “in the hands” of an underlying PKIX system
This would simplify the task of DRM interoperability
34 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
35. PKI and RM interoperability
Two approaches for DRM interoperability through PKI:
Use a single PKI service shared by all DRM systems;
Each DRM use their own PKI service, and brokering mechanisms are
used between them
35 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
36. PKI and RM interoperability
All the different DRM
systems use the same PKI
solution, to establish the
necessary trust
environment between the
different actors, devices or
software components.
36 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
37. PKI and RM interoperability
The different DRM systems have
their own PKI, and a PKI broker
is used to build interoperable
trust environments between the
different actors, devices and
software components of the
different DRM systems.
37 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
38. PKI and RM interoperability
1st Scenario
The same PKI offers to the different DRM components, trust
credentials, that can be immediately trusted between different DRM
systems
This is however a low probability scenario. DRM systems will adopt
their own PKI solutions
38 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
39. PKI and RM interoperability
2nd Scenario
Reflects what is happening now – each DRM chooses its own PKI
solution
“Local” and “External” interoperability
“Local” - the internal components of a DRM system rely on the trust
provided by their own PKI
“External” - the components of different DRM systems, have to build trust
relationships using a PKI broker
39 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
40. PKI and RM interoperability
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Torres V., Delgado J., Dias M., “Interoperability Mechanisms
for registration and authentication on different open DRM
platforms”, in International Journal of Computer Science and
Network Security, Vol. 6, Number 12, Pages 291-303, December, 2006
Serrão, C., Serra A., Dias M., Delgado J., “PKI as a way to leverage
DRM interoperability”, In Proceedings of the IADIS International
Conference on Telecommunications, Networks and Systems 2007
(TNS2007), Lisboa, Portugal, 3-5 July, 2007
40 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
42. Open RM and Interoperability
“open” is an important key in interoperability
“open”, in RM has three dimensions
open specifications
open interfaces
open-source
42 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
44. Open RM and Interoperability
Open-source DRM platforms comparison
Organisation
License
Activity
Base components
Development status
Deployment
Number of Developers
Fields of Applicability
REL Support
Content Support
44 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
45. Open RM and Interoperability
Open RM SWOT analysis
45 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
46. Open RM and Interoperability
Two dimensions for the Interoperability problem:
DRM complexity:
protection (encryption, decryption, watermarking, key distribution, etc.);
authorization based on licenses (rights expressions, verification, license distribution, etc.);
Metadata;
Enforcement;
Governance;
Authorities;
and others.
How we try to get interoperability -> definition of different DRM interoperability levels:
Proprietary systems;
Standards and architectures;
Software framework based;
Open Source.
46 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
47. Open RM and Interoperability
Broker-based open RM interoperability
47 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
48. Open RM and Interoperability
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Torres V., Delgado J., Dias M., “ How Open DRM platforms
can shape the future of DRM”, in IEEE Multimedia
Serrão C., Marques J., Dias M., Delgado J., “Open-Source Software as
a Driver for Digital Content E-Commerce and DRM
interoperability”, in Proceedings of the Europe-China Conference on
Intellectual Property in Digital Media – Optimisation of Intellectual
Property in Digital Media (IPDM06), Shangai, China, 18-19 October,
2006
48 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
49. Secure Key and License Management for open
Rights Management platforms
Contributions
50. Secure key and license management
Some of the functions of modern DRM involves the use of
several security technologies:
Public-key cryptography
Secret-key cryptography
Digital signatures
Digital certificates
... and others.
All this keying material should be properly managed, to avoid
security breaches...
... and this brings us to Key Management.
50 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
51. Secure key and license management
Key Management Life Cycle
51 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
52. Secure key and license management
Key Management Life Cycle
It is important to study on the different DRM solutions handle this
functionalities
Establish a common secure license and key management life-cycle
Implementing a broker-based interoperable key management system
As a mechanism for DRM interoperability
52 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
53. Secure key and license management
Key Management and DRM
DRM uses keying material in several situations:
Entities (content providers, users, ...) registration and management
Software applications and components registration and management
Content security
Rights management and enforcement (licenses)
53 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
54. Secure key and license management
Rights Expression Languages (REL)
Allow the expression of copyright
Allow the expression of contracts or license agreements
Allow to control over access and/or use
Mostly used to express DRM-governed content licenses
Licenses express how a governed-content can be used
Expressed in a specific format/notation (XML, Text, Graph theory, ...)
XrML and ODRL are two of the most used
May contain protected keying material information to be used with
the protected digital content
54 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
55. Secure key and license management
Depending on the DRM scenario and implementation licenses can
be used or not
This gives 6 different scenarios:
Licenses are used in DRM
License contains CEK
License is inside digital content
License is outside the digital content
License don't have CEK
License is inside digital content
License is outside the digital content
Licenses are not used in DRM
CEK is inside digital content
CEK is not inside the digital content
55 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
56. Secure key and license management
License topology
56 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
57. Secure key and license management
57 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
58. Secure key and license management
Analysis of key management in open RM platforms
58 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
59. Secure key and license management
Relevant papers
Serrão, C., Serra A., Dias M., Delgado J., quot;Key Management in open DRM
Platforms”, in the Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference of
Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-channel
Distribution (AXMEDIS2007), Barcelona, Spain, 28-30 November, 2007
Serrão, C., Serra A., Dias M., Delgado J., “Secure License Management -
Management of Digital Object Licenses in a DRM environment”, In
Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Cryptography
(SECRYPT2007), Barcelona, Spain, 28-31 July, August, 2007
Serrão, C., Serra A., Dias M., Delgado J., quot;Protection of MP3 Music Files
Using Digital Rights Management and Symmetric Cipheringquot;, in the
Proceedings of the 2nd. International Conference of Automated Production
of Cross Media Content for Multi-channel Distribution (AXMEDIS2006),
Leeds, United Kingdom, 13-15 December, 2006
59 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
61. OpenSDRM
What is OpenSDRM?
Distributed DRM architecture
Each of the functionalities is implemented has an independent
distributed service
There can exist multiple instances of the same service provided by
different entities
incorporate the previous contributions
61 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
62. OpenSDRM
OpenSDRM is open:
open-source
open specifications
open interfaces
open to different types of content
open to support many different business models
open to interoperability
62 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
64. OpenSDRM
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Dias M., Kudumakis P., “From OPIMA to MPEG IPMP-X - A
standard’s history across R&D projects”, in Special Issue on European
Projects in Visual Representation Systems and Services, Image
Communications, Volume 20, Issue 9-10, Pages 972-994, Elsevier, 2005
Serrão C., quot;Open Secure Infrastructure to control User Access to
multimedia contentquot;, in Proceedings of the 4th. International Conference on
Web Delivering of Music (WEDELMUSIC2004), Barcelona, Spain, 2004
Serrão C., Neves D., Kudumakis P., Barker T., Balestri M., quot;OpenSDRM – An
Open and Secure Digital Rights Management Solutionquot;, in Proceedings of
the IADIS International Conference e-Society 2003, Lisboa, Portugal, 3-6
June, 2003
64 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
67. Wallet RM interoperability middle-ware
DRM-governed content life cycle
67 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
68. Wallet RM interoperability middle-ware
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Digital Object Rights Management –
Interoperable client-side DRM middleware”, In Proceedings of the
International Conference on Security and Cryptography
(SECRYPT2006), Setúbal, Portugal, 7-10 August, 2006
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Bringing DRM interoperability to
digital content rendering applications”, in Proceedings of the CISSE05
– The International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and
System Sciences, and Engineering, Springer, ISBN: 978-1-4020-5260-6,
University of Bridgeport, USA, 10-20 Dezembro, 2005
68 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
70. License Templates
Complex RM environments
Content Provider - License Provider - User CRA
Support for multiple license format is *not* assured
Possible solutions
REL translation
License in one format is translated to other format
Templates
Specific REL license templates created “a priori”, and instantiated when the
license is to be issued
70 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
71. License Templates
License template definition process
71 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
72. License Templates
Relevant papers
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Using ODRL to express rights for
different content usage scenarios”, in Proceedings of the ODRL2005
– 2nd International ODRL Workshop 2005, Lisboa, Portugal, 7-8 July,
2005
Serrão C., Dias M., Delgado J., “Bringing DRM interoperability to
digital content rendering applications”, in Proceedings of the CISSE05
– The International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and
System Sciences, and Engineering, Springer, ISBN: 978-1-4020-5260-6,
University of Bridgeport, USA, 10-20 Dezembro, 2005
72 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
74. OpenSDRM experiences and use-cases
OpenSDRM usage cases:
Digital Music, MOSES FP5-IST project, Music-4You.com
JPEG2000 digital images, HICOD2000 ESA RTD project
Video-Surveillance, WCAM FP6-IST project
Home Networking Digital Music, MediaNet FP6-IST project
74 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
75. OpenSDRM experiences and use-cases
Relevant papers
Serrão C., “Music-4you.com – Digital Music E-Commerce Case Study”, in IADIS
International Journal on Internet/WWW, Volume 3, Issue 1, ISSN 1645-7641,
2005
Carvalho H., Serrão C., Serra A., Dias M., “Flexible Access to ESA Earth
Observation data using JPEG2000 and DRM”, in Proceedings of the Fourth
Conference on Imaging Information Mining (ESA-EUSC2006), Madrid, Spain,
27-28 November, 2006
Serrão, C., Dias M., Serra A., Carvalho H., quot;Accessing Earth Observation data
using JPEG2000quot;, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational
Modelling of Objects Represented in Images (CompImage2006), Coimbra,
Portugal, 20-21 October, 2006
Serrão, C., Dias L., Serra A., Dias M., quot;JPEG2000 Image Compression and
Visualization for Desktop and Mobile Clientsquot;, in Proceedings of the Atlantic
Europe Conference on Remote Imaging and Spectroscopy (AECRIS2006),
International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology, Preston, United Kingdom,
11-12 September, 2006
75 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
77. Conclusions
The objective of this work was to present several mechanisms
to improve the RM non-interoperable panorama
Some specific mechanisms were selected to study its
applicability to RM interoperability
RM interoperability is not an easy problem
This thesis does not solve it!!!
However, it contributes with some mechanisms to make the problem
less complex.
But, more work needs to be done!
77 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
78. Conclusions
Rights Management and Service-Oriented Architectures
SoA has a huge impact on the software and service distribution
(SaaS)
RM can benefit from service distribution, to create heterogeneous
RM environments
RM providers decouple RM services
Published, and promoted on UDDI repositories
Approach followed on the OpenSDRM implementation
78 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
79. Conclusions
PKI and rights management interoperability
RMS systems need to establish trust environments and to handle
cryptographic material
Most current RM solutions do not rely on existing PKI services –
they implement their own proprietary services
Contributed with PKI-based interoperability solution to establish
trust – PKI-broker to establish trust between different RM solutions
Design and establishment of protocols to create trust environments
between different RM solutions
79 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
80. Conclusions
Open rights management towards interoperability
Commercial RM solutions are vertical, closed and non-interoperable
– alternative is an open model
Open RM solutions were identified, classified and included in three
categories: open-source, open specifications and open interfaces
A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the major advantages
and drawbacks of having open RM solutions
80 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
81. Conclusions
Secure key and license management for open rights
management
Security is central to RM systems
Appropriate secure management of rights and key management are of
extreme importance
Scenarios between the REL, the digital object and the CEK were
identified
Description of the license management life cycle
Identify how the different RM handle the key management life cycle
Lack of support behind the pre-operational and operational stages
Proper key management is crucial for security management
81 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
82. Conclusions
OpenSDRM open rights management architecture
Design and implementation of an open RM platform
Based on a service oriented approach
E2E RM services for the DCVC
Detailed security mechanisms and protocols
82 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
83. Conclusions
Wallet rights management interoperability middle-ware and
license templates
Establishment of a client-side RM middle-ware to provide
interoperability between different CRA
Abstraction layer between the CRA and DRM regime
Request authorizations to the RM layer to render content
Creation of and usage of license rights templates to offer RM
interoperability between multiple content providers, license
providers and user-devices
Expression of particular business model using different license templates
Facilitate the interoperation between different REL
83 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
84. Conclusions
OpenSDRM use-cases
Demonstrate the OpenSDRM applicability, adaptability and
interoperability to:
Multiple business models
Multiple content types
Multiple CRA
84 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
85. Conclusions
Using of SoA to enable the RM services interoperability
Establishment of common trust environments, using PKI mechanisms, to
provide interoperability
Analyse how open RM can contribute to RM interoperability and define an
approach for open RM platforms based on SWOT analysis
Define how to manage securely both keys and licenses throughout their
life-cycle, across open RM platforms
Creation of an open and services based RM platform that enables
interoperability between different scenarios
Design of an abstraction mechanism between content rendering and RM,
and abstraction mechanism between the content provider business model
and the REL used
Evaluate the usage of contributed mechanisms on different usage scenarios
85 [iDRM] - Ph.D. Lecture Dissertation 3rd. December 2008
89. iDRM – Interoperability mechanisms for
Open Rights Management platforms
Ph.D. Dissertation Lecture
Professor Jaime Delgado*, Professor Miguel Dias** Carlos Serrão
*UPC/AC/DMAG, Barcelona, Spain
*IUL-ISCTE/DCTI/ADETTI, Lisboa, Portugal *cserrao@ac.upc.edu
**carlos.serrao@iscte.pt
carlos.j.serrao@gmail.com
*http://www.upc.edu
UPC - Universitat Politecnica de Calalunya **http://www.iscte.pt
3rd. December, 2008