2. INTRODUCTION
• CARBON CREDITS
A permit that allows a country or organization to produce a
certain amount of carbon emissions which can be traded if
the full allowance is not used
• CARBON FOOTPRINTS
A carbon footprint is "the total set of greenhouse gases (GHG)
emissions caused by an organization, event or product" . For
simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the
amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs,
emitted.

3. BACKGROUND
The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing
awareness of the need for pollution control.
Carbon credits were one of the outcomes of the Kyoto Protocol, an
international agreement between 169 countries. The Kyoto Protocol created
legally binding emission targets for developing nations. To meet these targets,
nations must limit C02 emissions. It was enforced from Feb’05.
The very phase “Kyoto Protocol” has become synonymous with the idea of
saving the planet from the global meltdown.
This can be accomplished by either reducing emissions or by absorbing
emissions through processes such as tree-planting and sequestration.

4. Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries are required to limit
their greenhouse gas emissions according to the following formula:
Actual emissions must be less than or equal to the assigned amount
+/- carbon sinks and Kyoto emissions.
They are a measure devised by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce world
Greenhouse Gas emissions, and hence fight climate change.
Carbon credits are certificates awarded to countries that are successful
in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases such as water vapour,
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

5. NEED FOR CARBON CREDITS
EMITTERS RESERVOIRS

6. • In modern times the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and
natural gas – in which carbon has been stored for millions
of years – combined with accelerated land clearance has
led to:
 exceptional levels of greenhouse gas emissions
 enhanced greenhouse effect which will result in very rapid
warming of the world’s climate
 The results are likely to include intensified droughts and
floods, changed weather patterns, agricultural
breakdown, ecosystem disruption, rising sea levels,
epidemics, and social breakdowns that ultimately threaten
the lives or livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people

7. encourages provide incentives
compliance and to emitters to
financial managers develop the means stop the increase
to pursue cost by which emissions of carbon dioxide
effective emission can inexpensively emissions
reduction be reduced.
strategies

8. TRADING OF CARBON CREDITS
• Buying carbon credits is not a charitable donation, but a
retail action. Trade in carbon credits has the potential to
make forestry more profitable and to sustain the
environment at the same time.
• One of the primary solutions for climate change being
thought by global warming alarmists is the purchase and
sale of carbon credits. For trading purposes, one credit is
considered equivalent to one tonne of CO2 emissions.
Credits can be exchanged between businesses or bought
and sold in international markets at the prevailing market
price

9. VALUE OF CARBON CREDITS
• Carbon credits create a market for reducing greenhouse
emissions by giving a monetary value to the cost of
polluting the air
• Carbon credits are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide.
1 credit = 1 tonne of CO2.
Each carbon credit represents one metric ton of C02 either
removed from the atmosphere or saved from being
emitted.
• The carbon credit market creates a monetary value for
carbon credits and allows the credits to be traded.
• For each tonne of carbon dioxide that is saved or
sequestered carbon credit producers may sell one carbon
credit.

10. GENERATION OF CARBON CREDITS
 Many types of activities can generate carbon offsets.
• Renewable energy such as wind farms or
installations of solar, small hydro, geothermal, and biomass
energy
• Other types of offsets available for sale on the market
include those resulting from energy efficiency projects,
methane capture from landfills or livestock, destruction of
potent greenhouse gases such as halocarbons, and carbon
sequestration projects (such as reforestation) that absorb
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

11. CARBON FOOTPRINTS
• carbon footprint is a
measure of the impact our
activities have on the
environment, and in
particular climate change. It
relates to the amount of
greenhouse gases produced
in our day-to-day lives
through burning fossil fuels
for electricity, heating and
transportation etc.

12. • as calculating the total carbon footprint is impossible due
to the large amount of data required
• Wright, Kemp, and Williams define it as , “A measure of the
total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)
emissions of a defined population, system or activity,
considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within
the spatial and temporal boundary of the population,
system or activity of interest”.
• Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the
relevant 100-year global warming potential(GWP100 )

13. • Once the size of a carbon footprint is known, a strategy can
be devised to reduce it, e.g. by technological
developments, better process and product
management, changed Green Public or Private
Procurement (GPP), carbon capture, consumption
strategies, and others.
• The mitigation of carbon footprints through the
development of alternative projects, such as solar or wind
energy or reforestation, represents one way of reducing a
carbon footprint and is often known as Carbon offsetting

14. NEWS ARTICLES

15. Adani Power's Mundra
plant to earn Rs 600 crore
in carbon credits
Adani Group announced that the phase III of its power plant in Mundra, Gujarat,
consisting of two units of 660 MW each, has received carbon credits under the
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
This achievement makes the Mundra plant the world's first coal fired power project
to receive carbon credits. With this measure,
The plant is expected to generate about 1.8 million Certified Emission Reductions
(CERs) each year. Adani Power is expected to earn Rs 600 crore by trading these
carbon credits during the first 10 years of its operations.

16. Solid Solar signs MOU with Bank
of India to facilitate financing of
solar systems
Solid Solar by Gautam Polymers, India's largest solar lights
manufacturer with Bank of India for financing of solar systems
through its network of banks across the country.
This MOU would enable bank financing on solid solar home systems
and solar power plants through bank of India's extensive network and
popularise the usage in rural and urban areas.
The recent Northern Power Grid failure and rising diesel costs has
given rise to a growing demand of renewable energy sources as
power backup.

17. Get discounts on branded goods
by slashing carbon footprint
• We now can get hefty
discounts on trendy apparel
and other major branded
goods . Following
international trends, stores
in India are waking up to
'carbon neutral' stores in
which customers are able to
redeem "credits"
accumulated through the
purchase of environment
friendly products for
discounts.

18. Woodland is all set to go "carbon
neutral" in 80 of its stores in
Delhi-NCR and Karnataka
• Being carbon neutral means
having a net zero carbon
footprint, or achieving net zero
carbon emissions by balancing
a measured amount of carbon
released with an equivalent
amount offset, or buying
enough carbon credits
(tradable certificate or permit
representing the right to emit
1 tonne of CO2) to make up
the difference.

19. United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
issues carbon credit to ONGC
• The World's number 2 exploration & production company
ONGC is scoring well on environment performance as well.
The United Nations body on Climate Change (UNFCCC - United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) has
issued a massive kitty of 121,207 carbon credits to ONGC's 51
Megawatt Wind Power project at Bhuj (Gujarat), on 7th June
2012. This is the first issuance of credits from this project

21. SUMMARY
A non-binding target has been given to India to cut its
emission intensity by 20-25% by 2020. This does not
include agriculture. To meet this target and to adapt to
climate change without sacrificing growth, India has
articulated the National Action Plan for Climate Change
(NAPCC) with eight programmes

22. DID YOU KNOW ? ? ?
About 65% of Indian population depends directly on
agriculture and it accounts for around 22% of GDP.
Agriculture derives its importance from the fact that it
has vital supply and demand links with the manufacturing
sector

23. PROBLEM AREAS
• Faster growth will raise energy demand by about five times,
from 725 billion units now to 3,600 billion units by 2030
• Energy is the biggest polluter, contributing
 greenhouse gas emissions (58%)
 industry (22%)
 agriculture (18%)
 Within energy, power generation by thermal stations is the
worst polluter
 Land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF) is a net sink
that sequesters carbon

24. • Within agriculture, livestock is the largest contributor of
greenhouse gas emissions (63%), followed by paddy
cultivation (21%). Agriculture contributes 90% to nitrous oxide
emissions from fertiliser and irrigated paddycultivation.

25. SOLUTIONS
We can cut farm emissions in many ways.
• One, by changing paddy cultivation practices by intermittent
drying, direct seeded rice and so on.
• Two, changing livestock breeds or feeding practices with feed
additives.
• Three, through conservation agriculture.
• And, four, site-specific use of nitrogen and nitrification
additives.

26. IN MY OPINION !!!
• Livestock is still a household activity, so there is little
one can do to cut their emissions, but major
reductions can come from shifts in paddy cultivation
practices and cropping systems in Punjab, Haryana
and southern India. This will require large-scale
extension work, possibly through a tripartite
agreement between farmer groups, state extension
agencies and the private sector engaged in extension