1. 2 . 5 ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡ue 60 ¢j¢eV
1z A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ (Session Objectives) :
HC A¢d−hn−el −n−o AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m Ll−a f¡l−h -
ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡u−el SeÉ p¡d¡lZax L£ L£ fÜ¢a (Tool) hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu a¡l a¡¢mL¡
°al£ z
ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L ¢edÑ¡l−Zl SeÉ ¢LR¥ fÜ¢a −kje Hm¡L¡ f¢lcnÑe Hhw p¡r¡vL¡−ll fËcnÑe z
2z A¢d−hn−el j§m ¢nr¡ (Key Learning Point) :
ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L ¢edÑ¡l−Zl SeÉ ¢LR¥ AwnNËqej§mL ¢nr¡ J L¡kÑLm¡f (PLA/PRA) hÉhq¡l
Ll¡ k¡u z Hl j¡dÉ−j NË¡−jl j¡e¤−ol AwnNËqe b¡L¡l SeÉ HC fÜ¢a−a ü¡ÙÛÉ ¢hfkÑu
T¥y¢L…¢m pq−SC j§mÉ¡ue Ll¡ k¡u z
j§mÉ¡u−el SeÉ f§−hÑC a¡¢mL¡ °al£ L−l ¢e−m p¤¢¤ hd¡ qu z H−a M¤h −R¡V OVe¡ k¡
…l¦aÆf§eÑ h¡ −k pjÙ¹ ¢hfcNËÙ¹ j¡e¤o r¢al p−‰ S¢s−u B−R a¡l¡ E−f¢ra qu e¡ z
3z −S−e l¡M¤e (Hand Out) :
¢hfkÑ−ul f−l, Sl¦l£ fË−u¡Se j§mÉ¡u−el SeÉ ¢h¢iæ dl−Zl fÜ¢a B−R z a¡−cl j−dÉ ¢LR¥
ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L ¢edÑ¡l−Zl L¡−S hÉhq©a q−a f¡−l z AwnNËqej§mL fÜ¢a−a T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡ue ph−Q−u
L¡kÑLl£ Ef¡u z e£−Q p¡d¡lZax hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu Hje ¢LR¥ fÜ¢a (Tool) heÑe¡ Ll¡ qm -
AwnNËqej§mL j¡e¢Qœ Aˆe J fË¢al©f °al£ :
m¡¢W, O¡p, L¡W, N¡−Rl f¡a¡, l¢Pe j¡¢V, h¡¢m, l−Pl …y−s¡, l¢Pe QLÚ, −fe Hhw L¡NS
à¡l¡ °al£ j¡e¢Qœ h¡ fË¢al©f z −L¡ehÉ¢š² m¡¢W h¡ −fe dl−he a¡ ¢WL Ll−a q−h
L¡le ¢a¢e a¡l L¡−R ph−Q−u …l¦aÆf§ZÑ k¡ a¡C ByL−he z d£−l d£−l, j¡e¢Qœ °al£
qJu¡l p−‰ h¡L£ −m¡−Ll¡ a¡−cl ja¡ja −c−he Hhw −pCi¡−h j¡e¢Q−œ fË−u¡Se£u
f¢lhaÑe q−h z A−el dl−Zl j¡e¢Qœ qu −kje - Hm¡L¡l pÇf−cl j¡e¢Qœ, NË¡−jl,
S‰−ml, j¡−Wl, −r−al, h¡N¡−el, NË¡−jl, h¡p−k¡NÉ S¡uN¡l, p¡j¡¢SL j¡e¢Qœ z
p¡j¡¢SL j¡e¢Q−œ f¡¢lh¡¢lL pÇf−cl heÑe¡ J B¢bÑL üµRma¡l heÑe¡ b¡L−h z
ü¡ÙÛÉ j¡e¢Q−œ fË¢aV¡ f¢lh¡−ll pcpÉ−cl ü¡−ÙÛÉl AhÙÛ¡ h¤T¡−a l¢Pe ¢ØVL¡l h¡ j¡LÑ¡l
hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu (Hl j−dÉ Bp−a f¡−l Af¤¢ø, L¡−el pwœ²jZ, S¢äpÚ CaÉ¡¢c) z
Sm-pÇf−cl j¡e¢Qœ Ll−a f¡l−he X¥h¤¢ll¡ Hhw j¡¢Vl j¡e¢Qœ Ll−he j¡¢V ¢h−no‘l¡ z
fËi¡h fkÑ−hre j¡e¢Qœ - −kM¡−e −l¡−Nl fË¡c¤iÑ¡h, fË¢a−od−Ll hÉhq¡l, jªa¥Él q¡l
CaÉ¡¢c ¢ho−u NË¡jh¡p£l¡ ¢mM−he z
ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡u−el f¢l−fË¢r−a HC j¡e¢Qœ ¢h¢iæ f¢l−oh¡ …¢m fËcnÑe Ll−a p¡q¡kÉ L−l z
−kje - Efü¡ÙÛÉ −L¾cÊ , ICDS −L¾cÊ , S−ml EvpÙÛm , −n±Q¡mu , Sm ¢eL¡n£ hÉhÙÛ¡ , °Sh
hSÑÉ fc¡bÑ hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ fÜ¢a CaÉ¡¢c z k¡l¡ ¢hfkÑ−ul g−m a¡s¡a¡¢s −l¡−Nl fË−L¡−f cl¦e
r¢aNËÙ¹ qu −pC ¢hfæ −nËe£−LJ ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡l SeÉ HC j¡e¢Qœ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z NË¡−jl
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2. ¢h¢iæ ÙÛ¡−e heÉ¡u S−ml Ù¹lJ HC j¡e¢Q−œ −cM¡−e¡ k¡u z ¢LR¥ j¡e¢Qœ I¢aq¡¢pL ab¡ haÑj¡e
abÉ à¡l¡ pjªÜ z
Hm¡L¡
Hm¡L¡ f¢lcnÑe (Transact walk) :
NË¡j f¢lcnÑ−el j−dÉ ¢c−u Seü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡ue Ll¡ qu z HC fÜ¢a−a ¢LR¥ ÙÛ¡e£u ab¡ A¢i‘
j¡e¤−ol p−‰ O¤−l, fËnÀ L−l, ö−e, mrÉ L−l, j§m pjpÉ¡l Mhl Hhw pj¡d¡−el fb M¤y−S h¡l Ll¡
k¡−h z f¢lcnÑ−e E−W Bp¡ abÉ…¢m AwnNËqZj§mL i¡−h ¢Q−œl j¡dÉ−j g¥¢V−u −a¡m¡ k¡u z
Hm¡L¡ f¢lcnÑ−el pju fË¡unC Hje ¢LR¥ ¢hØjuLl ÙÛ¡e£u AiÉ¡p B¢h×L«a qu, k¡l fËi¡h
Seü¡−ÙÛÉl Efl fs−a f¡−l z
ü¡ÙÛÉLl S−ml Evp - ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡u−el HL¢V Ef¡u :
HC j§mÉ¡ue Seü¡−ÙÛÉl SeÉ ¢hfc pª¢øL¡l£ AhÙÛ¡ J AiÉ¡p−L fËc¢nÑa Ll−h z HC j§mÉ¡ue à¡l¡
Sm pwœ²j−el pñ¡he¡ ¢edÑ¡¢la qu z j§mÉ¡u−e Sm pwœ²j−el pñ¡hÉ Evp −cM¤e h¡ ¢el£r¡
Ll¦e - −kje f¢lhq−el pju Hhw h¡¢s−a l¡M¡l pju z HR¡s¡ −n±−Ql AiÉ¡p, Sm ¢eL¡−nl
hÉhÙÛ¡ Hhw L¢We hSÑÉ hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡J −cM¤e z AwnNËqej§mL j¡e¢Qœ °al£l j−dÉ ¢c−u ÙÛ¡e£u
−m¡−Ll¡ Seü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L pð−å S¡e−a f¡l−he Hhw ¢L L−l HC T¥y¢L Lj¡−e¡ k¡u a¡l Ef¡u
M¤yS−a p−Qø q−he z E−õMÉ −k, föl j−ml −b−L j¡e¤−ol jm −hn£ r¢aL¡lL L¡lZ Hl j−dÉ
cryptosporidium, giardia, salmonella, campylobacter, caliciviruses fËi«¢a b¡−L k¡ j¡e¤−ol
X¡u¢lu¡l L¡lZ z
HC j§mÉ¡ue fÜ¢a à¡l¡ Sm c§o−Zl pñ¡hÉ Evp…¢m ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ k¡−h Hhw fË¢aL¡l fÙ¹¡¢ha
Ll¡ k¡−h z j§mÉ¡ue Ll−a fËÙ¹¡¢ha fËnÀ¡hm£l hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu k¡−a j§mÉ¡ueL¡l£ S−ml Evp
pð−å fË−u¡Se£u abÉ f¡u Hhw a¡l ¢hnc hÉ¡M¡, e¢bi¥š² Ll−a f¡−l z fl£r¡l SeÉ ¢h−no
k¿»f¡¢a J cra¡l fË−u¡Se z j§mÉ¡ue Ll−a −j±¢mL fË¢nreC k−bø Hhw H−a ¢h−no k¿»f¡¢a
J cra¡l fË−u¡Se qu e¡ z j§mÉ¡ue fË¢aj¡−p HLh¡l Ll¡ E¢Qa z Af¢l−n¡¢da S−ml Evp
−kje TZÑ¡, L¥−u¡, CaÉ¡¢c Hhw e−ml Sm fËh¡q hÉhÙÛ¡u −L¡−e¡ g¥−V¡ b¡L−m a¡ fË¢a−l¡d Ll¡l
SeÉ z
c−m ¢e¢hsi¡−h B−m¡Qe¡ (Focus Group Discussion) J p¡rvL¡l :
B−N −b−L fËÙ¹¥a ¢LR¥ fËnÀ J ¢ho−ul Jfl p¡r¡vL¡l Ll¡ qu z flhaÑ£L¡−m B−m¡Qe¡l j−dÉ
h¡L£ fËnÀ Ll¡ qu z A¢a p¡hd¡−e ¢eu¢¿»ai¡−h, NÒfµR−m abÉ pwNËq Ll−a q−h z j§mÉ¡ueL¡l£
cm, f§hÑ fËÙ¹¥a fËnÀ¡hm£ hÉhq¡l L−l −M¡m¡ fËnÀ Ll−h z p¡r¡vL¡l H¢N−u −eJu¡l pju
B−m¡Qe¡l d¡l¡ Ae¤p¡−l ea¥e fËnÀ Ll¡ k¡−h z AwnNËqej§mL pjÙ¹ fÜ¢al −L¾cÊÙÛm q−µR AdÑ-
pwN¢Wa p¡r¡vL¡l z
f§−hÑ fËÙ¹¥a fËnÀ¡hm£ :
H¢V j§mÉ¡ue fÜ¢al f¢lf§lL A‰ z ¢hfkÑ−ul …l¦−aÆl −L¡e Awn k¢c A−cM¡ qu, HC fËn¡À hm£
a¡ ¢e¢ÕQa i¡−h A¿¹Ñi¥š² Ll−a p¡q¡kÉ Ll−h z Ec¡ql−Z hm¡ −k−a f¡−l, S−ml f¢lj¡Z Hhw
f¡e£u S−ml Ev−pl c§laÆ j§mÉ¡ueL¡−m −My¡S −eJu¡ qu −k X¡š²¡−ll Ef¢ÙÛ¢a−a ¢Q¢Lvp¡l cm
f¢lcnÑe Ll−R ¢L e¡, ICDS −L¾cÊ¢V Qm−R ¢L e¡ CaÉ¡¢c z
2

3. ü¡ÙÛÉ Hhw f¤¢øl −QL¢m−ØVl ej§e¡:
e¡:
−m¡−L−cl pwMÉ¡ J j¡e :
Be¤j¡¢eL LaSe −m¡L B−R, (j¢qm¡, ¢nö J 5 hR−ll e£−Q ¢nöl na¡wn) ?
( Buae, B¢bÑL j¡e Hhw −N¡ù£l AhÙÛ¡e ?)
NahRl LaS−el jªaÉ¥, BO¡a J Ap¤¤M q−u¢Rm ?
−pM¡−e ¢h−noi¡−h ¢hfæ −nËZ£ B−R ? a¡l¡ −L h¡ L¡l¡ ? Hhw a¡−cl pwMÉ¡ La ?
°h¢nøÉ
S¡uN¡l °h¢nøÉ Hhw j§m abÉ :
−L¡b¡u ? −Sm¡, hÔL, NË¡j f’¡−ua
NË¡j f’¡−u−al −i±N¢mL ¢hÙ¹¡l LaV¡ / p£j¡e¡ ?
−L¡e −L¡e dl−Zl Eæuej§mL L¡kÑœ²j HC S¡uN¡u ¢Rm h¡ Qm−R ?
ü¡ÙÛÉ:
haÑj¡−e −L¡e −L¡e dl−Zl ü¡ÙÛÉ pjpÉ¡ B−R ? (ra, nÄ¡pa−¿» pwœ²je, jÉ¡−m¢lu¡, q¡j
CaÉ¡¢c) ?
ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢l−oh¡ ¢eu¢ja f¡Ju¡ k¡u ?
ü¡ÙÛÉ −L¾cÊ, q¡pf¡a¡m La c§−l ?
ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢l−oh¡l SeÉ k−bø ü¡ÙÛÉLjÑ£ B−Re ¢L ?
NahRl Ko−dl plhl¡q hÉ¡qa q−u¢Rm ? ¢Q¢Lvp¡l pl”¡j Abh¡ Kod Efk¤š²
a¡fj¡œ¡u −f±−R¢Rm ? pjpÉ¡ q−m Lah¡l q−u¢Rm ? LMe ?
Hje −L¡e −nËZ£ B−R k¡l¡ fkÑ¡ç M¡h¡l f¡u e¡ ?
M¡h¡−ll plhl¡q e¡ b¡L¡l SeÉ Abh¡ a¡−cl œ²u rja¡ −eC ?
f¢lh¡l…¢m M¡h¡l l¡æ¡ Ll−a f¡l−R ?
Af¤¢øl mrZ −cM¡ k¡−µR ¢L ? M¤h −l¡N¡ ¢nö h¡ −fV −g¡m¡ ¢nö −cM¡ k¡u ¢L ?
h¡ý−a f¤¢ø j§mÉ¡ue ¢g−a ¢c−u −j−f −cM−a q−h - AaÉ¿¹ Af¤¢ø J jdÉj Af¤¢ø−a
−i¡N¡ ¢nöl pwMÉ¡ La ? La na¡w−nl j¤mÉ¡ue q−u−R ?
j¡e¤−ol h¡¢s /h¡pÙÛ¡e B−R ¢L ? W¡ä¡u N¡−u −cJu¡l Lðm B−R ¢L ? jn¡¢l B−R
¢L?
4z A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡ (Session Plan) :
pju A¢d−hn−el L¡kÑ ¢hhle£
0 -10 ¢j¢eV AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl k¢c B−l¡ i¡−m¡i¡−h j§mÉ¡ue Ll¡l ea¥e fÜ¢a S¡e¡
b¡−L, a¡ ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll−a q−h z HL¢V Q¡°VÑ p¡d¡lea: hÉhq©a fÜ¢a…¢m
¢m¢fhÜ Ll−a q−h z fË¢a¢V fÜ¢a H−L H−L p¢hÙ¹¡−l hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a q−h z
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl−L −cJu¡ abÉ…¢m −cM−a hm¤e z
11 - 15 ¢j¢eV j§mÉ¡ue fËnÀ¡hm£ ¢hale L−l ¢ce z fËnÀ…¢m hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l h¤¢T−u ¢ce z
3

4. 16 - 55 ¢j¢eV 20 - 25 Se AwnNËqeL¡l£ b¡L−m a¡−cl 3 ¢V c−m i¡N L−l ¢ce z
fË¢nre ÙÛ−m Hm¡L¡ f¢lcnÑe fÜ¢a hÉhq¡l L−l a¡−cl HL¢V j§mÉ¡ue
Ll−a hm¤e z f§−hÑ fËÙ¹¥a fËnÀ¡hm£ a¡−cl−L ¢c−u ¢ce k¡−a a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡
¢hou h¡c e¡ ¢c−u −g−m z HC L¡−S pju m¡N−h 20 ¢j¢eV z fË¢a¢V cm
5 ¢j¢e−V EfÙÛ¡fe Ll−h z 3 X 5 =15 ¢j¢eV z f¢l−n−o 5 ¢j¢e−V
fË¢nrL pw¢rçp¡l hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−he z
56 - 60 ¢j¢eV j§m ¢nr¡ p¡lpw−rf
abÉ Evp :
√ SPHERE Guidelines
√ UNICEF Field Handbook for Disasters
5z fˢnrZ fܢa (Training Method)
A¢d−hn−el Awn fÜ¢a
fËnÀ¡hm£ (Check List) hÉ¡MÉ¡ J AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡
fÜ¢al hÉhq¡l q¡−a Lm−j Ll¡
6z fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ (Material Required) :
−Lp ØV¡¢Xl fË¢a¢m¢f
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl SeÉ fËnÀ¡hm£l fË¢a¢m¢f
¢gÓf Q¡VÑ J j¡LÑ¡l −fe
−h¡XÑ
−h¡−XÑ −mM¡l j¡LÑ¡l −fe
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