2. What is Anaemia?
Definition of Anaemia
Anemia is reduced Haemoglobin concentration in blood more than the
amount appropriate for that age, sex, race and physiological status.
Normal ranges of Hb
Men:
Hb 13.5 -17.5 g/dL
Women: Hb 11.5-16
g/dL
Infants : Hb 14 – 20
g/dL
3.
4. Blood loss
On the basis of
cause
Inadequate production
of normal blood cells
Excessive destruction of
blood cells
Classification of
anaemia
Normocytic
On the basis
of
morphology
of RBC
Macrocytic
Microcytic
5. Classification according to
Morphology of RBC
• The average size of RBC (MCV) provides a convenient and
informative framework to categorize the various types of
anaemia
6. Normocytic Normochromic
Anaemia
• The primary cause - reduction of number of RBCs.
Eg: Endocrine disorders (hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism
and hypoadrenalism)
Haematological disorders(aplastic anaemia ,haemolytic
anaemias)
Acute blood loss
Anaemia of chronic diseases
8. Normocytic anaemia can be presented with elevation of
reticulocyte count or a reduction of reticulocyte count.
Elivated reticulocyte count
• Blood loss
anaemia
• Haemolytic
anaemia
Normal or low reticulocyte
count
• Bone marrow
disorders(Aplastic
anaemia)
• Chronic disease
• Kidney disease
9. Microcytic Anaemia
Many RBCs smaller than normal (MCV<80fL)
The RBCs are usually hypochromic (MCH<27pg)
Increased zone of central pallor
Cells are various in shape & size
11. Microcytic
Anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia
Due to other reasons
Serum Ferritin level > 50µg/L
Serum Ferritin level > 50µg/L
Thalassaemia trait (α or β)
due to inadequate iron
for Hb synthesis)
Anaemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic
anaemia(Inherited)
Lead poisoning
13. Macrocytic Anaemia
• The average size of RBCs are larger than normal(>100fL)
• {MCHC is normal or high}
• Can be divided in to 2 types
Megaloblastic anaemia
Non megaloblastic anaemia