Leadership-Nelson Mandela

A good leader can engage in a debate
frankly and thoroughly, knowing that at the
end he and the other side must be closer,
and thus emerge stronger. You don’t have
that idea when you are arrogant,
superficial and uninformed.
-Nelson Mandela

3/2/2014

The Life and Times of Nelson Mandela

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&

Presentation On

life

The

times

OF NELSON MANDELA

3/2/2014


Presented by:
Akanksha Mohanty
Divya Marwah
Mukul Attri
Prashant Patro
Zeeshan Ahmed
2
Uttara Chattopadhyaya

What is Leadership?
“Leadership is the art of leading others to
deliberately create a result that wouldn’t have
happened otherwise.”

Characteristics of a Good Leader:
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Self awareness
Self direction
Vision
Ability to motivate
Social Awareness

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Nelson Mandela – A Charismatic Leader
• Maturity:
– It is not about showmanship, but the application of
wisdom built over years of experience.

• Communication:
– Exceptional - needed to motivate employees – and
coordinate with superiors.

• Self-confidence:
– Strong sense of self belief – rarely feels or expresses any
doubt about vision, decision or goal.

• Consideration:
– compassion – civility – integrity – identity – creativity.
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Nelson Mandela’s
Life History

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• Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
was born in a village near
Umata in the Transkei on
the 18th July 1918.
• At the height of Second
World War a small group of
young Africans, members of
the African National
Congress, banded together
under the leadership of
Anton Lembede. Among
them was Nelson Mandela.
• It started out with 60
members.

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• In opposition to the old
guard’, Lembede and his
colleagues exposed a
radical African
Nationalism grounded in
the principle of national
self-determination.
• In September 1944 they
came together to find the
African National Congress
Youth League (ANCYL)

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• After ANC was banned in
1960, Nelson Mandela
argued for the setting up
of a military wing within
the ANC.
• In 1963, when many
fellow leaders of the ANC
and the Umkhonto were
arrested, Mandela was
brought to stand trial
with them for plotting to
overthrow the Govt by
violence

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• His statement from the
dock received
considerable
international publicity. On
June 12, 1964, eight of
the accused including
Mandela, were sentenced
to life imprisonment.
• During his years in prison,
Mandela’s reputation
grew steadily.

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• He was widely accepted
as the most significant
black leader in south
Africa and became a
potent symbol of
resistance as the antiapartheid movement
gathered strength.
• He consistently refused to
compromise his political
position to obtain his
freedom.

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• He was released on
February 11, 1990.
• In 1991, at the first national
conference of the ANC held
inside South Africa after the
organisation had been
banned in 1960.
• Mandela was elected as
President of the ANC while
his lifelong friend and
colleague, Oliver Tambo,
became the organization's
National Chairperson.

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• He won the Nobel
peace prize in 1993.
• He shared it with Mr.
Frederik Willem Klerk.
• “For their work for the
peaceful termination of
the apartheid regime,
and for laying the
foundations for a new
democratic South
Africa.”

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Apartheid in South Africa
[an Afrikaans word meaning “Separateness”]

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• The Apartheid in South
Africa was a system of racial
segregation. This system
was enforced by the
National Party between
1948 and 1994.
• Approximately 10,000
blacks were killed by the
notorious system of racial
domination

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• The anti-apartheid
movement was the first
successful translational
social movement in the era
of globalization.
• The movement began after
massive turnout by rural
Afrikaners gave Rev. Daniel
Malan’s Nationalists Party a
majority of five seats in the
whites-only Parliament of
the Union of South Africa
on May 26, 1948.

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• The Nationalists won on a
racist platform that played
on white fears of the “black
threat” and promised to
establish strict “apartheid”
or separate development
policies to encounter it.
• After the elections of 1994,
reforms were made to it,
but still parts of apartheid
shape the South African
society and politics.

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There were two main aspects of the anti-apartheid
movement: the internal campaign and the external effort

• At the heart of the movement was the struggle of
black Africans to end white supremacy in South
Africa.
• The internal movement was both a catalyst for
actions at the international level and the critical link
that gave coherence to the movement as a whole.
• The external effort can be divided into two fronts:
– Regional efforts to provide military bases, material and
diplomatic support for liberation movements; and
– The Diaspora movement, which focused on seeking
international sanctions against the regime and providing
direct aid to the liberation movements.
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Role of Nelson Mandela
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Arrested at Sharpeville and a member on ANC’s Youth League
Banned by government him from attending public meetings
1956 arrested for treason, found not guilty
Joined secret ‘Spear of the Nation’ organisation, which
bombed government offices
1963 Rivonia Trial – accused of sabotage, sentenced to life
imprisonment.
Became a symbol of resistance
Kept in a cell 7-feet square, for 16 hours a day
With the ending of Apartheid in the late 1980s, Mandela was
freed in 1990, after serving 27 years in prison
In 1994 elections, ANC wins and Mandela became President

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Rainbow Nation
• Term coined by Archbishop Desmond Tutu to
describe post-apartheid South Africa after
democratic election in 1994.
• It was further elaborated President Nelson Mandela
as:
Each of us attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the
famous Jacaranda trees of Pretoria and Mimosa trees of the Bushveld
– a Rainbow Nation at peace with itself and the world.

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Learning from
Nelson Mandela’s
Life

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# 1: Courage is not the absence
of fear – it is inspiring others to
move beyond it.

That’s precisely what Mandela
learned to do: pretend and,
through the act of appearing
fearless, inspire others. Prisoners
who were with him said
watching Mandela walk across
he courtyard, upright and proud,
was enough to keep them going
for days. He knew that he was a
model for others, and that gave
him strength to triumph over his
own fear

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“I can’t pretend that I’m brave and that I can beat the
whole world. But as a leader, you cannot let people
know. You must put up a front.

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# 2: Lead from the front –
but don’t leave your base
behind.
Mandela is a historical man.
He thinks way ahead of us. He
has posterity in mind; How
will they view what we’ve
done? He was thinking in
terms of not days and weeks
but decades. He knew history
was on his side, that the
result was inevitable; it was
just a question of how soon
and how it would be
achieved. He always played in
the long run.

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“You take your support base along with you. Once you
arrive at the beachhead, then you allow the people to
move on.”

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# 3: Lead from the back –
and let others believe they
are in the front.
Mandela often called
meetings of his kitchen
cabinet at his home in
Houghton. Some of his
colleagues would shout at
him and Mandela would
simply listen. When he finally
did speak at those meetings,
he slowly and methodically
summarized everyone’s point
of view and then unfurled his
own thoughts, subtly steering
the decision in the direction
he wanted without imposing
it.

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The trick of leadership is allowing yourself to be led
too. It is wise to persuade people to do things and
make them think it was their own idea.

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# 4:Know your enemy –
and learn about his
favorite sport.
As far back as the as the 1960s,
Mandela began studying
Afrikaans, the language of the
while South Africans who
created apartheid. Mandela
wanted to understand the
Afrikaner’s worldview; he knew
that one day he would be
fighting them or negotiating
with them, and either way, his
destiny was tied to theirs.

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This was strategic in two senses: by speaking his opponent’s
language, he might understand their strengths and
weaknesses and formulate tactics accordingly.

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# 5: Keep your friends
close – and your rivals
even closer.
Mandela is a man of invincible
charm – and he has often
used that charm to even
greater effect on his rivals
than on his allies. Mandela
believed that embracing his
rivals was a way of controlling
them: they were more
dangerous on their own than
within his circle of influence.
He cherished loyalty, but he
was never obsessed by it.

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After all, he used to say, “people act in their own
interest.” Mandela recognized that the way to deal with
those he didn’t trust was to neutralize them with charm.

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# 6: Appearance matters–
and remember to smile.
Mandela was the first black
South African he had ever
seen being fitted for a suit.
Now Mandela’s uniform is a
series of exuberant – print
shirts that declare him the
joyous grandfather of
modern Africa. But more
important was that dazzling,
beatific, all inclusive smile.
The ubiquitous ANC election
poster was simply his smiling
face. “The smile was the
message.”

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After he emerged from prison, people would say, over and over.
It is amazing that he is not bitter. There are a thousand things
Nelson Mandela was bitter about, but he knew that more than
anything else, he had to project the exact opposite emotion. He
always said, “Forget the past”- but he himself never did

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# 7: Nothing is black and
white
Mandela is comfortable with
contradiction. As a politician,
he was a pragmatist who saw
the world as infinitely
nuanced. Life is never
either/or. Decisions are
complex, and there are always
competing factors. To look for
simple explanations is the bias
of the human brain, but it
doesn’t correspond to reality.
Nothing is ever as
straightforward as it appears.

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“Americans tend to see things in black and white, and
he would upbraid me for my lack of nuance.”

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# 8: Quitting is leading too
Knowing how to abandon a
failed idea, task or
relationship is often the most
difficult kind of decision a
leader has to make. In many
ways, Mandela’s greatest
legacy as President of South
Africa is the way he chose to
leave it. When he was elected
is 1994. Mandela probably
could have pressed to be
President for life.

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Ultimately, the key to understanding Mandela is those 27 years
in prison. The man who walked onto Robben Island in 1964 was
emotional, headstrong, easily stung. The man who emerged was
balanced and disciplined. He is not and never has been
introspective.

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Lessons to learn
from MANDELA to
be a Leader

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Inspire With Action
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Motivate others with your words and actions.
Give them courage.
Inspire them to learn more.
Instill in them a sense of possibility.
Every action that you take will lead to a learning
opportunity and will encourage moving forward
movement in others.
• Teach others by example.
• If you do it, they will follow.
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Be Better, Not Bitter
• He was put in jail for 27 years, only because he
was fighting for fairness and equality.
• Even while jailed, he continued to be a leader and
the symbol of struggle for South Africans.
• After his release from jail, he became a stronger
leader.
• He was not bitter or ready for revenge.
• He found common ground, embracing those who
were once against him and helping the country to
bridge the seemingly impossible gap
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Fail To Plan, Plan To Fail
• People fail to accomplish their goals many
times because of this simple premise.
• Planning and organizing ahead of time is key
to the success of any task or endeavor,
whether in your personal or business life.
• Organize your ideas, write out a plan with
actionable steps to take and deadlines and set
out your goals.
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Work With The Willing
• Most of us have gotten caught up at least once in
the emotional roller-coaster that is wanting to
work with or help someone who has the talent,
the potential or the need, even if that person is
unwilling or incapable.
• Move on from those that don't want to do or be
where you want them to do or be. And don't
carry their burden.
• Let them go through their journey and spend
your time and energy looking for like-minded
people who you can partner with.
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Communicate
• Communication is the simple act of getting a
message across clearly and unequivocally to
other/s.
• This sounds simple in theory but communication
is one of the hardest things to do because there
are so many things in play (body language,
cultural idiosyncrasies among others) that can get
in the way and cause confusion.
• Nelson Mandela is a master communicator, which
is one of the top traits of a great leader.
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Become A People's Person
• Nelson Mandela is an incredibly dynamic person
who was able to motivate an entire country to
work together and move past a very difficult time
in their history for the benefit of all.
• He wasn't attached to a particular ideology or
goal.
• Instead, he was willing to build relationships on
all sides in order to accomplish his goal of a
united and successful South Africa.
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Develop Strong Character
• In leadership, character is more important than
strategy
• Nelson Mandela and his followers knew that they
were doing the right thing, even it was dangerous
and could have caused them their freedom (as it
did for many years) or even their lives.
• But they had strong convictions and a strong
sense of character and got a lot of respect from
followers because of it.
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An Inspirer

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INVICTUS - The Movie
• Is a 2009 biographical sports drama film.
• Directed by Clint Eastwood.
• Starring Morgan Freeman as Nelson Mandela
and Matt Damon as Francosis Pienaar.
• The story is based on the John Carlin book
titled: “Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela
and the Game”.

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PLOT
SUMMARY
The film tells the inspiring
true story of how Nelson
Mandela joined forces with
the captain of South Africa’s
rugby team to help unite their
country. Newly elected
President Mandela knows his
nation remains racially and
economically divided in the
wake of apartheid. Believing
he can bring his people
together through the
universal language of sport,
Mandela rallies South Africa’s
underdog rugby team as they
make an unlikely run to 1995
World Cup Championship
match.
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Show Courtesy and Grace
On his first morning as
president in his new office,
Mandela slowly walked
through the suite making
eye contact, smiling and
saying “Good Morning” to
everyone he passed.
This included the white staff
members of the previous
President who were packing
their boxes assuming that
they would be sacked later
that day.

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Forgive and Forget
Although imprisoned 27
years by white SouthAfrican Govt, he never
targeted white people.
While white staff were
packing their stuff, he
hold a staff meeting
immediately and
addressed,
“What past is past”…
“Now we need your
help”…

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Build a Team for the Future
• Mandela stunned both his
supporters and doubters by
building a staff of both
blacks and whites. This
extended to his personal
security detail which ended
up including white agents,
who had deployed against
ANC in the apartheid era.
Mandela wanted a unified
country and he wanted his
team to reflect the goal.

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Have a Compassion towards your co-workers
Mandela has a strong
compassion towards his
subordinates. He makes
an effort to remember
each staff’s name (even
the name of a tea lady).
He also asks about their
family well-being

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Backup your Priorities with Audacious Goals
Mandela had two
immediate priorities as
President.
– Reconciliation between
blacks and whites – goal of
winning the World Cup
– Building the economic
base for the country –
travelled around the globe
to encourage other
countries to invest in SA

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“See the World” through the other
person’s eyes
Mandela argued against discarding
the South African Springboks, which
according to the black South African,
represents the apartheid era.
Mandela said that when he was
imprisoned in the Robben Island, he
studied the Afrikaners’ (the White
South African) habits and culture, in
order to understand “the enemy”.
Mandela also emphasized this need
of understanding the other’s view,
when he argued with his daughter –
who dislikes the Afrikaners – and told
her, “You criticize without
understanding”.

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Other Learning
• Teamwork never fails.
• Visibly support your
goals.
• Don’t underutilize the
word “Thank you”
• Let the experts do their
job.
• Hard work never fails.
• Moral Support is
important.
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• Explain the reason behind
your decision
• Don’t be afraid to do
what’s necessary, even
though unpopular.
• Change if the situation
demands
• Leverage your footprint.


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Some other movies

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Honors received
• Many countries awarded
honorary citizenships,
freedoms of cities, civic
honors.
• Many streets, boulevards,
avenues, parks, stadia, bridges
named after him.
• Postal stamps, scholarships,
foundations, awards.
• More than 70 International
honorary degrees from
universities.
• Statues, sculptures, artworks,
monuments etc.
• More than 70 books published
internationally on his life.
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Leadership-Nelson Mandela

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