About a smartphone

1. By
Prashant patel

2. SMARTPHONE

3. 
A smartphone, or smart phone, is a mobile phone
built on a mobile operating system, with more
advanced computing capability and connectivity
than a feature phone.

4. 
Devices that combined
telephony and computing
were conceptualized as
early as 1973, and were
offered for sale
beginning in 1994. The
term "smartphone",
however, did not appear
until 1997, when
Ericsson described its GS
88 "Penelope" concept as
a Smart Phone.
IBM Simon and
charging base (int.
August 16, 1994)

5. 


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The Operating systems that operates a
smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other mobile device
A mobile operating systems is also referred to as
mobile OS.
Features of Mobile OS.
Including a Touch screen
Camera
Video Camera
Speech Recognition
Voice Recorder
Music Player
Near Field Communications
Infrared Blaster

6. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Android
iOS
Windows Phone
BlackBerry
Bada
Symbian
Palm OS
Windows Mobile
Open-source development

7. Android



Android is an open-source platform founded in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin and backed by Google.
The first phone to use Android was released in
October 2008.
It was called the HTC Dream and was branded for
distribution by
T-Mobile as the G1.

8. 







Android
Android
Android
Android
Android
Android
Android
Android
1.5 Cupcake
1.6 Donut
2.0,2.1 Eclair
2.2 Froyo
2.3 Gingerbread
3.0 Honeycomb
4.0 Ice Creams Sandwich
4.1,4.2,4.2: Jelly Beam
And The next upcoming Android Versions

Android 4.4 kitkat

9. 
1.
2.
On February 15,
2010, Microsoft
unveiled its nextgeneration mobile
OS.
Windows Phone 7
Windows Phone8

10. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Display
Camera and Video
Radio and television
GPS services
Popular applications

11. 1.
2.
3.
Screens on smartphones vary largely in both
display size and display resolution.
The most common screen sizes range from 3
inches to over 5 inches (measured diagonally).
Common resolutions for smartphone screens vary
from 240×320 (QVGA) pixels to 1080×1920 (Full
HD),with flagship Android phones commonly
sporting full HD.

12. 
Smartphone cameras are progressively improving: Higher
pixel resolution and ISO speed sensor, lower F-number
(bright and fast) lens, and better digital image processing for
noise reduction.
pixel
device (pixel resolution, sensor size, 35 mm equiv.
resolution focal length, F-number)
40MP
40MP Nokia Lumia 1020 (41MP, 1/1.5”, 25mm, f/2.2),
Nokia 808 Pureview (41MP, 1/1.2”, 26mm, f/2.4)
20MP
Sony Xperia Z1 (20.7MP, 1/2.3”, 27mm, f/2.0),Nokia Lumia
1520 (20MP ,1/2.5" ,26mm , f/2.4)
10MP
Lenovo K900 (13MP, ?”, ?mm, f/1.8), Samsung Galaxy S4
(13MP, 1/3.06”, 31mm, f/2.2), Motorola Moto X
(10MP, 1/2.6”, 30mm, f/2.4)

13. Smartphone cameras are progressively improving:
Higher pixel resolution and ISO speed sensor, lower Fnumber (bright and fast) lens, and better digital image
processing for noise reduction.
pixel
device (pixel resolution, sensor size, 35 mm equiv.
resolution focal length, F-number)
40MP
40MP Nokia Lumia 1020 (41MP, 1/1.5”, 25mm, f/2.2),
Nokia 808 Pureview (41MP, 1/1.2”, 26mm, f/2.4)
20MP
Sony Xperia Z1 (20.7MP, 1/2.3”, 27mm, f/2.0),Nokia Lumia
1520 (20MP ,1/2.5" ,26mm , f/2.4)
10MP
Lenovo K900 (13MP, ?”, ?mm, f/1.8), Samsung Galaxy S4
(13MP, 1/3.06”, 31mm, f/2.2), Motorola Moto X
(10MP, 1/2.6”, 30mm, f/2.4)

14. 

Some smartphones support FM radio, but noisesensitive AM radio is usually not supported.
In some regions, such as Japan and Korea, most
smartphones support mobile digital broadcasts
(1seg or T-DMB), while some smartphones support
regular digital broadcasts

15. 
GPS capability is available on phones within each of
the three major mobile operating systems

16. 


According to a ComScore report released on May
12, 2011, nearly one in five smartphone users are
tapping into check-in services like Foursquare and
Gowalla. A total of 16.7 million mobile phone
subscribers used location-based services on their
phones in March 2011.
Research published by Forrester Research in mid2013 revealed that in a survey of 13,000 iPhone
users and 15,000 Android users in the U.S.
weather apps were the most popular across both
platforms, followed by social networking,
navigation/mapping, and gaming apps

17. 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Hardware components of smartphone
Processors
Graphics
Memory & Storage
Displays
Connectivity & Sensors
Batteries

18. When reviewers are
talking about the
processors inside a
smartphone they are
usually actually
referring to the
system-on-a-chip.
combination chipset that features things such
as the actual processor cores, the graphics chipset,
the RAM and possibly ROM as well, interface
controllers for things such as USB and wireless tech,
voltage regulators and more.
A

19. 

The actual processing cores are just one part of the
overall system-on-a-chip that forms the basis of
all modern phones.
Along with said processing cores and other
subsystems in the SoC you find the graphics
processing unit, or GPU, in very close proximity to
the processor.

20. 




Memory is important parts that are located on the
mainboard inside the smartphone. Specifically the
memory (or Ram) and the on-bord ans External
storage (Rom)
Random Access Memory(RAM)
Internal storage and ROM
Size and Speed are Everything
User removable storage

21. 


RAM, which is short for random access memory.
RAM one of the critical components of the
smartphone along with the processing cores and
dedicated graphics.
Without RAM in any sort of computing system like
this your smartphone would fail to perform basic
tasks because accessing files would be ridiculously
slow.

22. 
Like RAM, internal storage is critical to a
smartphone’s operation; without any place to store
the operating system and critical files there would
be nothing for the phone to do. Even if a phone has
no storage accessible to the user, there will also be
some form of internal storage that stores the
operating system.

23. 


First and foremost when it comes to looking at a
smartphone’s RAM is the size.
It’s fairly straightforward here to see that more is
better, as the larger the capacity the more
information can be stored and accessed quickly by
other subsystems.Generally you shouldn’t be
concerned about more storage using more power
Combined with a clever operating system, copious
amounts of RAM aren’t necessary.Smartphone
applications generally use a small amount of RAM
(around 50 MB).

24. User removable storage
Sometimes user removable
storage is called “external” storage
due to the fact that it can be
removed.
Nowadays all smartphones that
have user removable storage use
microSD cards, with a few tablets
offering full-sized SD card slots.
Out of the three major smartphone operating systems
(iOS, Android and WP7), Android is the only one that really
supports removable storage.
MicroSD (and standard SD) cards are available in three
different size classes. The original SD specification allowed
cards up to 2 GB in size, and then SDHC (SD High
Capacity) increased the size limit to 32 GB.

25. 

When it comes to smartphone displays, there are
two main type that are Utilized the first of which is
LCD,LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.
smartphone screens vary from 240×320 (QVGA)
pixels to 1080×1920 (Full HD).

26. Sensors
A sensor is a converter that measures a physical
quantity & converts it into a signal which can be
read by an observer or an instrument
Many type of sensors are use in a smartphone
Overview

Accelerometer

GPS

Gyroscope

Magnetometer

Proximity Sensors

Touch screen sensor

27. 


Measures proper
acceleration
(acceleration it
experiences relative to
freefall), felt by people
or objects
Units: m/s2 or g
Most smartphone
accelerometers trade
large value range for
high precision, iPhone
4 range: ±2g,
precision 0.018g
Acceleration is measured on 3
axes

28. 



Location sensors detect
the location of the
smartphone using either
GPS
Lateration/Triangulation
of cell towers or wifi
networks (with database
of known locations for
towers and networks)
Location of associated
cell tower or wifi network

29. 


Connection to 3 satellites is required for 2D fix
(latitude/ longitude), 4 satellites for 3D fix (altitude)
More visible satellites increase precision of positioning
Typical precision: 20-50m, maximum precision: 10m

30. 





Caveats
GPS will not work indoors
GPS quickly kills your battery
A location fix takes a long period of time
(30s…12m), A-GPS helps
Buildings reflect and occlude satellite signals –
thereby reducing precision of positioning in urban
environments
Smartphones can try to automatically select the
best suited alternative location provider (gps, cell
towers, wifi), mostly based on desired precision

31. 

Detects the current orientation of the device, or
changes in the orientation
Precisely: orientation can be computed from the
angular rate that is detected by the gyroscope,
expressed in rad/s on 3 axis:

32. 



1.
2.
Measures the strength of earth’s magnetic field
Strength is expressed in tesla [T]
Smartphones provide raw magnetometer data and
a computed compass bearing
Applications
Compass, of course – rotate
maps/interfaces/graphics according to bearing
Tricorder, detect magnets, force fields, klingon
shield strength.

33. 

A proximity sensor is a sensor
able to detect the presence of
nearby objects without any
physical contact.
A proximity sensor often emits
an electromagnetic field or a
beam of electromagnetic
radiation (infrared, for
instance), and looks for
changes in the field or return
signal. The object beingsensed
is often referred to as the
proximity sensor's target.
• Applications
1. Touch screens that come in close proximity to the face
2. Attenuating radio power in close proximity to the body, in
order to reduce radiation exposure.

34. 




A touch screen sensor is a clear
glass panel with a touch
responsive surface.
The touch sensor/panel is
placed over a display screen so
that the responsive area of the
panel covers the viewable area
of the video screen.
The sensor generally has an
electrical current or signal going
through it and touching the
screen can cause a voltage or
signal change. This change is
used to determine the location
of the touch to the screen.
Multi-touch technology
Multi-touch denotes a set of
interaction techniques which allow
computer users to control
graphical applications with several
fingers.

35. 

The more functionality we pack into our
smartphones, the more power they need to run.
The battery is the lifeblood of your mobile phone.
The designers of mobile phones try hard to
minimize and use more efficiently the power that
the batteries use, which in turn gives longer service
from smaller, lighter cell phone batteries.
Types of Cell Phone Batteries
Lithium Polymer (Li-Poly) Batteries
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries
Nickel Metal Hydrid (NiMH) Batteries

36. Smartphone application distribution was largely dependent on
third-party sources providing applications Smartphone Customer
for multiple platforms, such as GetJar, Handango, Handmark,
PocketGear, and others.
Store
2009 (millions
U.S.)
2010 (millions
U.S.)
Apple App Store
$769
$1782
Blackberry App
World
$36
$165
Nokia Ovi Store
$13
$105
Google Play
$11
$102
Total
$828
$2155

37. 
Smartphone usage
For several years, the
demand for smartphones has
outpaced other products on
the mobile phone market.
According to a 2012 survey,
around half of U.S. mobile
consumers own smartphones.
They could account for around 70% of all U.S. mobile devices by
2013; in the 25 to 34 age group, smartphone ownership is so far
reported at 62%. For the third quarter of 2011, the NPD Group
reported that in the U.S., the proportion of handset sales that were
made up of smartphones reached 59% for consumers aged 18 and
over.

38. Year
Android
(Google)

39. 


Mining for resources
The amount of pollution that results from the
production of a smartphone until its disposal is
substantial.
The environmental impact of these devices can be
understood by observing its product life cycle.

40. 




Another major issue associated with cell phones is
the process by which they are disposed of after the
end of their lifespan.
Companies have been responsible for improperly
recycling their old/used smartphones causing
damage to the environment.
Cell phones can contain dangerous chemicals such
as antimony, cadmium, copper, lead, arsenic,
nickel and zinc
These chemicals have the potential to run off into
surrounding water bodies or seep into soil causing
harmful effects to wildlife and even the human
population.
Chemicals running off into surrounding water
bodies could make their way into drinkable water
systems and contaminate this supply.

41. 


New programs and control measures are the focus
of the future as countries strive to produce
initiatives where consumers can properly dispose
of their smartphone.
An example of such an initiative is called “Recycle
My Cell” which has been established in Canada
since 2008 which assists Canadian residents in
disposing of their cell phones properly.
Cell phones that cannot be salvaged will be
recycled in accordance with the Basel Convention
on the trans-boundary movement of hazardous
waste and their disposal.

42. 



A study conducted by the University of Vienna
found that social factors played a major role in the
usage of mobile phones.
Especially the subjective belief of how users are
seen by significant others, or how they would like
to be seen by significant others seem to play a
major role.
There are numerous smartphone applications that
have positive social and environmental effects.
For example, smartphones have proven to be
useful tools for encouraging energy conservation
by assisting crowd source building energy audits.