3. Six Commandants of GIS Use
Thou shalt not think ‘too technical - its not for me’.
Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary GIS database.
Thou shalt not use any database without understanding
its precision and origin.
Thou shalt think spatially to get a better understanding
of reality.
Thou shalt take it as an excellent tool for decision
making.
Thou shalt believe in data sharing.
4. Content
What is GIS
Components of GIS
Applications of GIS
GIS for EIA
GIS for Social Sciences
GIS for Natural Resource Management
GIS for Disaster Risk Reduction
Participatory GIS (PGIS)
GIS for Decision Support and Public Policy
5. What is GIS?
“A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating,
manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are
spatially referenced to the Earth. This is normally
considered to involve a spatially referenced computer
database and appropriate applications software”.
A Technology - hardware & software tools
A Strategy - for information handling
The Objective: to improve overall decision making
6. What is GIS?
Manipulate spatially
Calculate distances and adjacencies
Change projections and scales
Integrate disparate sources
Analyse spatially
Quantitative analysis
Qualitative analysis
Visualise data
Maps!
Tables, graphs, etc.
Animations
Virtual landscapes
8. Components of GIS: Data
Data on different themes are stored in separate layers
As each layer is geo-referenced, layers from different
sources can easily be integrated using location
This can be used to build up complex models of the real
world from widely disparate sources
VECTOR
9. Applications of GIS
Hydrology - study and management of water resources
Crime mapping - identify crime hot spots, along with other
trends and patterns
Transportation engineering –plan and optimized routing
Impact Analysis – understand and assess impact of certain
activity
Health – understand the spread of certain (vector borne)
diseases and possible reasons and planning of measures
Insurance –understanding the risks
Social – mapping hunger, malnutrition
Public policy – planning for the future, policy rethinking
10. GIS for EIA
BP oil spill, Gulf of Mexico
April 2010
11. GIS for EIA: OCP and LULC
Change
JunMe a 2y0 020807
Sept 2013
12. GIS for Social Sciences
Accessibility to basic amenities and planning
for better services
13. GIS for Social Sciences
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Main indicators
Economic participation and opportunity
Educational attainment
Political empowerment
Health and survival
14. GIS for Natural Resource
Management
Site suitability analysis for afforestation/reforestation
programme under CDM-F
Forest boundary layer
Forest density
Climatic condition
Elevation model
Native species
15. GIS for Natural Resource
Management
Estimation of
forest vigour/
density in
treated areas for
evaluation
Low High
Vegetation index
16. GIS for Disaster Risk
Reduction
Flood hazard mapping for DRR
Required
3D elevation model
Drainage network
LULC
Population data
……
17. GIS for Disaster Risk
Reduction
Hazard map for lava flow
based on numerous
simulations of lava flow paths,
different potential vents,
eruptive history, 3D model
etc.
18. GIS for Disaster Risk
Reduction
Multi-hazard: Fukushima (Tsunami and radiation)
19. GIS for Disaster Risk
Reduction
Seismic hazard, historical earthquakes and nuclear
reactor power plants in USA
20. Participatory GIS (PGIS)
Despite the growing popularity of Google Earth and
other low-cost or free applications, there is still a clear
divide between the GIS haves and have-nots.
PGIS can be used as a bridge to capture individuals’ or
groups’ perceptions of local issues and development
efforts.
Facilitating participation of
communities/individuals could be
used to fill the gap between people
and institutions and promote
equitable development.
21. Spectrum of GIS for Public
Policy
Influencing Policy & Legislation
Changing Organizational Practices
Fostering Coalitions & Networks
Educating Providers
Promoting Community Education
Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills
23. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
GIS is still treated as a specialized tool rather than an
easy way to understand real world and take decisions.
Public policies related to many crucial national issues,
such as climate change, immigration, health, civil
rights and racism, transportation, energy, natural
resources, social justice, environment etc. could be
well understood and formulated using GIS support.
However, these require a properly functional National
Spatial Data Infrastructure portal with access to Open
Government Data.
24. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Mainstreaming
of extremists
25. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Mainstreaming of left extremists
Is development the solution?
What are the issues?
What are the locations?
How these issues could be addressed?
Which govt. programmes are needed to be prioritized?
How the implementation process could be monitored?
How the programme could be evaluated?
Is the process sustainable?
Could it be replicated?
26. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Demography
Socio-economic
Infrastructure
Resource
Govt. programmes and success
Monitoring and evaluating system
Understanding gap
Policy rethinking
Changing organizational practices
27. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) and
GIS
28. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
The Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) strategy was developed by
MoESW in 1972 for the rapid socio-economic
development of tribal people and was adopted in the
Fifth Five Year Plan.
Objective of TSP
Identify the resources for TSP areas
Prepare a broad policy framework for development
Define a suitable administrative strategy for its
implementation
29. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Locating vulnerable communities (in terms of social,
cultural, economic and/or political traditions and
institutions)
Identifying major resources that can be diverted for
planning, utilize and manage with a focus on the
specific needs of vulnerable communities.
Understanding local practices and sustainability
Capacity development and market products
30. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Sustainable agriculture
31. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Issues in Agricultural Sector in Punjab
Extensive paddy-wheat cycle (MSP influenced)
Over exploitation of groundwater
Groundwater lowering
Impacts
(More) deep bore well
More requirements of electricity
Environmentally unsustainable
32. GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Possible actions
Identify grouond water depleted area
Identify alternative (less water intensive) agricultural
practices and assess productivity
Promote and support alternative agricultural practices
Providing MSP on those crops
Assist in marketing
Evaluate
Rethinking?