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IOL Selection- What to Ask and What to Tell Patients
1. IOL Selection
What to Ask and What to Tell
Dr. Inderjit Singh FRCS(London),FRCOPTH ,FRANZCO
Chatswood Eye Centre
Suite 5, 16-18 Malvern Av, Chatswood
Tel 94114877
1
2. IOL what to ask
What is your Ultimate Goal
• 72yr old very fit lady with visually significant
cataracts – surgery discussed, straight forward
consult for cataract surgery and IOL to improve
visual function
• but pt also mentions that she travels frequently,
• And her next trip =
3. CATARACT SURGERY- THE
CONVERGENCE
• The pt’s visual goal
• The surgeon’s expertise with technique and use
of IOLS – need a variety of IOLs, one fits all not
possible;
• Predictable results = <2.2mm astigmatic neutral
incision; consistent round central capsulorhexis
for consistent central IOL position
• The technology – improvements of IOL design.
Better understanding of visual optics
4. The Best IOL choice for outcomes and pt
satisfaction
Visual quality- all about vision with good contrast
Pts expectations and pt selection (co morbidities)
Pts visual needs
IOL technology that can deliver above – keep up with IOL technology
Surgeons experience with IOL technology
Pt selection - every pt is different – not a cookie cutter answer; pts
near and intermediate va can differ - mobile phone, book, computer
screen,dashboard
Neural adaptation - visual cortex has to adapt to multifocal IOLs or
monovision
Binocular summation- 2 eyes with good distance vision have 40%
better binocular contrast sesitivity compared to monocular vision
5. Choosing an IOL what to ask
• Mary 72 yr- needle work without
glasses,happy to wear glasses for distance
• Fred 69yr-car enthusiast loves driving , wants
to see as well as possible at night
• Jack 55yr- keen golfer/ surfer- wants distance
and some near vision, glasses for reading
• Esther 68yr- traveller camper hiker near and
distance vision without glasses
6. AGEING EYES, CHANGING VISIONAGEING EYES, CHANGING VISION
Increased ocular densities
Blue end of visible spectrum filtered out
Older lens absorbs 1000x>at 400nm
Increased higher order aberrations
Scatter due to cataract formation causing glare
disability (? MVA)
Decreased cone sensitivity-25% for each decade
starting at adolescence
Neural losses
7. The Ageing Eye
For Glasses free high quality vision vision = Removal
of cataract +correction of aberrations of the eye
• Lower order aberrations
• Higher order aberrations
Distortion of wavefront of
light when it passes
through eye with
irregularities of its
refractive components-
tear film,cornea,lens
8. Visual Function Test- VF7Visual Function Test- VF7
•Reading signs – traffic,street,store
•Seeing steps,stairs,or curbs
•Watching TV
•Night driving
•Reading small print
•Doing fine handiwork
•Cooking
10. Proper technique has advantages
over Femtosec laser assisted
cataract surgery
Correction of lower order aberrations
11. Higher Order Aberrations
spherical Aberration is the most prevalent HOA in humans
•Higher-order
aberrations comprise many
varieties of aberrations. Some of
them have names such as coma,
trefoil and spherical aberration, but
many more of them are identified
only by mathematical expressions
(Zernike polynomials). They make
up about 15 percent of the total
number of aberrations in an eye.
•Order refers to the complexity of
the shape of the wavefront
emerging through the pupil — the
more complex the shape, the
higher the order of aberration.
12. Light ScatterLight Scatter
Earlier Cataract Operations(4)Earlier Cataract Operations(4) There are two kinds of light—the glow thatThere are two kinds of light—the glow that
illuminates and the glare that obscures.illuminates and the glare that obscures. James ThurberJames Thurber
14. The ageing eye- spherical aberration
Increased higher
order aberrations-
mainly 3rd
– coma
4th
order- spherical
aberration
If an aberration
can be measured it
can be corrected
Positive spherical aberration is
produced when peripheral rays deviate
and cross in front of the retinal plane.
16. Spherical aberration with age
as lens ages its positive aberration increases and total optical
system aberration increases ; contrast decreases;
PUPIL DEPENDENT the fix = use aspherical IOL
The crystalline lens before age 20 (in
blue) generates little SA due to a flat
anterior surface and thin optic. Beyond age
20 (in red), the anterior surface becomes
more spherical (oblate) and induces
increasing amounts of SA
17. • Using aspheric IOL
improves driving
particularly
evident on
nighttime
simulation testing,
in which up to a
45-foot advantage
in stopping
distance at 55
mph (88.51 km/hr)
can be achieved.
18. Different IOLs can be used to offset different
amounts of spherical aberration
19. Refractive cataract surgery
1.Restore transparency of ocular media i.e remove
opaque lens
2.Accurately correct any refractive aberrations of the
eye - myopia,hyperopia
3.Correct astigmatism
4.Reduce spec dependence
5. 1+2+3+4 = predictable stable visual outcome
6.WHAT ABOUT NEAR VISION
21. What To Tell
Multifocal IOLs – we have the technology to
somewhat turn the clock back !
Spectacle free distance and near vision
•94% spectacles free (3 mnths)
•6% used glasses for specific dim light tasks
•8% c/o visual disturbances in the 1st
week.
•40% noticed some visual symptoms when asked –
not intolerable
•None of the symptoms were severe enough to
explant IOL
•All of pts would recommend IOL
22. WHAT TO TELL – more important to tell
THE DISADVANTAGES OF MULTIFOCALS
• All MF have some optical disadvantages
• Light entering the eye through a MF is split into
more then one focal point
• Halos , glare, decreased contrast sensitivity at
night,negative and positive dysphotopsia
• MF not suitable for night drivers
• Pt with any other ocular comorbidities will notice
these more readily – dry eye,AMD
• Intermediate distance va (computer) poor
23.
24. What To Tell
The New Multifocal Family- “Multifocal Light”
for the active elderly
• Good distance va
• Less halos,glare
• Contrast sensitivity
effected less
• Intermediate distance
va better
• Still have acceptable
near va
• But need glasses for
reading fine print
• Oculentis comfort ReStore +2.5
• Zeiss Lisa
Trifocal
25. Multifocal “Light”
Refractive Diffractive( ReStor +2.5) ;
Bifocal (Oculentis Comfort)
• 50 pts=57-87yrs(65-87)
• All wanted to spectacle free for distance ,driving,golf,sailing,touring
• Wanted some reading vision (computer work) , willing to wear glasses for
fine print reading
• UCDVA= 6/9-6/4(94%6/6 or better)
• UCNVA= N8-N5 (44%N8)
• All were Toric IOLs except 8 eyes
• 10% noticed visual disturbance in 1st
week
• 6% noticed halos,glare (at night) but not intolerable
• No explants
26. What To Tell –
Contraindications of Multifocal IOL s
Ocular Co Morbidities
• Dry eye condition
• AMD- wet or dry or pre AMD (drusen)
• Diabetic macular oedema and retinopathy
• Irregular astigmatism
• Previous corneal surgery (Lasik)
27. ACRYSOF ReSTOR +2.5
• 50 pts=57-87yrs(65-87)
• All wanted to spectacle free for distance ,driving,golf,sailing,touring
• Wanted some reading vision (computer work) , willing to wear glasses for
fine print reading
• UCDVA= 6/9-6/4(94%6/6 or better)
• UCNVA= N8-N5 (44%N8)
• All were Toric IOLs except 2 eyes
• 10% noticed visual disturbance in 1st
week
• 8% noticed halos,glare (at night) but not intolerable
• No explants
28. Continual quest for high quality correction
Ophthalmologists and their patients are continually striving for high quality
vision correction. Perhaps the television industry and Apple has set the
bar even higher with the successful introduction of HDTV and retinal
image IPad, which has verified patients’ (and their visual cortex’s) strong
desire for a level of correction beyond lower order sphere and cylinder.
This patient desire along with the increasing role of wavefront science in
vision and eye care have produced a growing understanding and clinical
awareness of the role of HOAs, specifically fourth order SA and its
relationship to the pupil.
SA is the most prevalent HOA in human vision and thus must be
addressed in any efforts toward high quality vision correction. Its objective
magnitude and subjective effects on vision are directly related to pupil
diameter and, thus, that relationship must be addressed in the
measurement and correction of SA. While such measurements have been
effectively achieved and will continue to advance through the ever
increasing sophistication of wavefront aberrometry, the correction of SA
and its relationship to the pupil will present unique challenges, some of
which have already been addressed with developing
29. Continual Quest for high quality vision by
Ophthalomolgist and the patient
• Perphaps introduction of HDTV ,iPad with retina
display are setting the bar even higher for vision
correction
• This has verified pts (and their visual cortex) strong
desire for correction beyond lower order sphere and
cylinder
• Increasing role of wavefront science in identifying
HOAs that can be corrected (SA) to achieve high
quality vision.
• This playing increasing part in IOL design and use
30. Cataract Surgery With Implantation of an Artificial Lens
Thomas Kohnen, Prof. Dr. med.,1,2,*
Martin Baumeister, Dr. med.,1
Daniel
Kook, Dr. med.,3
Oliver K. Klaproth, Dipl.-Ing. (FH),1
and Christian Ohrloff,
Prof. Dr. med.
• The main criterion for the success of cataract surgery, aside for an
uncomplicated course of the procedure itself, is the long-term visual
result. The most commonly evaluated endpoints are high-contrast visual
acuity and the residual refraction deficit at the visual distances for which
the implanted lens is intended (6, 21). The expression “quality of vision”
has been coined in view of the fact that high-contrast visual acuity,
though it can be measured simply and quickly, is not a fully adequate
measure of the complex phenomenon of visual perception (e33, e34).
Quality of vision is the patient’s ability to see well in the context of his or
her own individual visual requirements (e35). Various objective and
subjective measures are used to determine the quality of vision (6, 22).
Notes de l'éditeur
Higher order aberration=negative lens aberration to compensate for positive spherical aberration of cornea
More then 60 shapes or aberrations have been identified
with larger pupil sizes generally may have more problems with vision symptoms caused by higher-order aberrations, particularly in low lighting conditions when the pupil opens even wider.
Higher order aberrations were calculated from the Zernike polynomials up to the 4th order. The amount of light scatter was estimated by using the diameter of the point spread functions (PSFs) of the Hartmann images.
Average Value is 0.27um with standard deviation of 0.1um
he total higher-order aberrations of the phakic eye are composed of aberrations arising from the anterior corneal surface, the posterior corneal surface, the crystalline lens and the retina. In the aphakic eye, however, 98.2 percent of the aberrations arise from the anterior corneal surface.8 As this discussion is about pseudophakia, then necessarily the corneal aberrations are of importance, and for our purposes, can be thought of being representative of the whole aphakic eye. - See more at:
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its transmission medium.
Diffraction is The process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge, typically accompanied by interference between the wave forms produced.