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From Research to Entrepreneurship




Researcher as Entrepreneur!




               K.C.Byron
  Enterprise and Research Skills Adviser
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
Introduction to Terms
Creativity: Ideas that are original and useful. A novel and appropriate response to an
              open-ended challenge or problem.

                                                                     Imagination
                                                                     Intuition
        The thinking associated with:
                                                                     Ingenuity
                                                                     Insight
                                                                     Inspiration

Innovation:    A connected process in which many activities from research through to
               support are coupled together in an integrated way for a common goal.


An Entrepreneur: “Searches for change, responds to it and exploits         opportunities.
                         Innovation is a specific tool of an entrepreneur hence an effective
                         entrepreneur converts a source into a resource.”

     “Most of what you hear about entrepreneurship is all wrong. It’s not magic, it’s
      not mysterious, it’s a discipline, and like any discipline, it can be learnt.”
                                                        - Peter Drucker (business expert)
From Creativity to Innovation
Who Invented the lightbulb ?
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
The Sigmoid (S) Curve
Progress – Research & Business
                                                2 Sources:
                                           Incubation (Creativity)
                                           Management (Innovation)

             Next Development
Progress




                     Maturity              Creative Steps
                                           Delays
                                           Setbacks


           Infancy          Rapid
                             Development


               Effort (Time)
How Research Progresses!


           World High-Jump Record


                                          Fosbury Flop
Progress




                             Straddle




            Western Roll                           Periods of ‘Adaptive’
                                                        Research
 Scissors



                                        Time
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
The Enquiry Wheel

  The Scientific
  Community                                                Observing

                          Communicating                                              Defining the
                          the Findings                                               Problem

   Society

                    Reflecting on                                                             Forming the
                    the Findings                      Questions                               Question



                      Interpreting the                                                   Investigating
                      Results                                                            the Known


                                     Carrying out                            Articulating the
                                     the Study                               Expectation

Harwood, W.S., Reiff, R., & Phillipson, T.
Voices from the frontline: Scientists’ conceptions of scientific inquiry. J.Chem Edu (2004)
The Enterprise Cycle*
The Marketplace                                  Observing

                                                                               Defining the Problem
             Launching the
                                                                               or Challenge
               Business



                                                                                        Transforming the
    Reflecting on                             Questions                                 Challenge with a
    the Market                                    &                                     new Business Idea
    response
                                              Decisions

           Testing the
           Market                                                                   Researching the Market


                    Developing the                                   Articulating the
                    Business                                         Business Proposition

     More Innovation                                                  More Creativity
* The Enterprise Cycle was devised by K. Byron in 2009. See ‘The Enterprise Cycle', IEEC Conference, Cardiff, 2010.
CITY NEWS
                 I have to wait in a long
                 queue to purchase my                         Wouldn’t it be great if there
                 newspaper! Some people                       was a way to purchase my
                 walk out of the shop                         newspaper without queuing?
                 when they see the queue!                     Win-win: More customers,
                                                              no newspaper queue.
             Observing

                                Defining the Problem
                                or Challenge
                                                                My idea is to have a
                                                                newspaper vending
            Questions                  Transforming the         machine which will
                &                      Challengewith an
                                       Enterprising Idea
                                                                accept a rail pass card
            Decisions                                           as well as cash.

                                    Researching the Market
                                                             City News already tried an
                         Articulating the                    honesty box approach which
                         Expectation
                         Proposition
                                                             was withdrawn. They haven’t
             Vision? - Maybe I could                         tried a vending machine
             start a business based on                       (commonplace in the USA).
             newspaper vending
             machines?
Set up larger-scale business.
                                              From Creativity to Innovation
 Manufacture, offices, staff etc.
                                       The Marketplace                Observing

Analysis of data, benefits to                                                             Defining the Problem
                                                Launching the
customers, viability. Report to                   Enterprise
                                                                                          or Challenge

primary customer. Proposal to scale
up business. Detailed business plan.                                                             Transforming the
Identify other customers. Seek
                                         Reflecting on               Questions                   Challenge with an
                                         the Market                      &
                                         response                                                Enterprising Idea
funding.                                                             Decisions

                                             Testing the
    Free trials of prototype                 Market                                          Researching the Market

    dispensers in three shops.
                                                    Developing the                Articulating the
    Surveys with users & shop                       Enterprise                    Proposition
                                                                                  Expectation
    managers.
                                                                       Vision? - Maybe I could
Financials: Size of market? Cost to design and                         start a business based on
manufacture? Quantify benefits to all customers.                       newspaper vending
Viability? Existing competition? IPR?                                  machines?
Funding sources? Outline business plan.
Relationship marketing! Business model?
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
The Skills and Specialist Knowledge Associated with Entrepreneurship

             Specialised Knowledge               Transferable Skills
              and ‘Technical Skills’
           Market Research                Creativity/Critical Thinking
           IPR & Confidentiality          Personal Effectiveness
           Business Model Innovation      Influence
           Business Plan Preparation      Communication
           Financials                     Negotiation
           Setting up a Business          Management/Leadership
           Marketing and Sales            Team Working
           Project Management             Networking
           Distribution                   Customer Awareness
           Exit Strategy


                   • The transferable skills are virtually the same as
                     those required for an effective researcher
Skills for Researchers
http://www.vitae.ac.uk/
Drivers of Innovation
“We must no longer wait for tomorrow - it has to be invented” - Gaston Berger

            “Tomorrow is not what it used to be” - Paul Valery

           • Relationship Marketing

           • Rise of Global Competition

           • Boom & Bust Cycles

           • Accelerating Change

           • The ‘Open’ World




                                6-32           15-20
                                1-5             1-5
Opportunities for Innovation


• Demographics



• Lifestyle



• New scientific
  knowledge
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
Nominal Groups & Brainstorming Groups




Nominal Group                           Brainstorming Group


         • All ideas pooled and repetitions
           counted only once
Better Brainstorming!
Number and Quality of Ideas                    Drive Arousal
                                               Self-Attention
                                               Social Anxiety
                                               Production Blocking
                                               Social Loafing
                                                                            }   Productivity Gap


                                                                                Skilled Facilitator
                                               The Sucker Effect                Regular Breaks
                                               Shared Common Knowledge          Guidelines
                                               Gender                           Brain-writing
                                               Culture Differences              Idea-Generation Tools




                              Nominal Group                        Brainstorm Group
Brainstorming*



     Divergent Guidelines                                     Convergent Guidelines


•   Suspend Judgement                                          •      Cluster Similar Ideas

•   Quantity Breeds Quality                                   •       Be Decisive

• Combine and Improve                                         •        Check Your Objective

• Seek Wild Ideas                                              •       Seek Novelty


     Diverge first and Converge only when there are sufficient ideas!


       *These guidelines were originally devised by Alex Osborn and Sid Parnes in the 1950s.
Idea- Generation - Transformation

• Ask “What if?”
              Substitute
              Combine
              Adapt
             Modify
          (Magnify/Minify/Multiply)

               Put to other uses

               Eliminate
               Reverse
A ‘SCAMPER’ through the ‘New Scientist’ – 26th Sept’09


        Substitute – ‘Virtual cop to run identity parades’

       Combine – ‘Paralysed rats put on their running shoes’

       Adapt – ‘Locust simulator aids flight of robobug’

        Modify – ‘Virtual Rome built in a day’

        Put to other uses – ‘Grow Nuclear’

        Eliminate – ‘Mutant mice live the dieter’s dream’
        Reverse – (i) ‘Drink saves sore heads’
                 (ii) ‘Free-will an illusion…..’
ENTRE: Creative Problem Solving
Statements that describe
the future vision of           Idea-finding Tools
                                                    How is acceptance gained ?
challenges/problems.             Association
                                                    What needs to be done ?
Tools: Diagnosing,               Transformation
                                                    What resources are required ?
       Abstracting               Combination
                                 Analogy




           ENquire                     Transform                REalise
        Identify & Clarify             Find Ideas
                                                              Plan for Action
         the Challenge                     &
                                        Evaluate


                                    1. Identify Criteria to
     One clear statement               evaluate Ideas         What needs to be
     that gets to the heart         2. Evaluate best Ideas    Done?
     of a selected challenge           by testing against     How? & When?
                                       criteria
Creative Problem Solving: Web-based tool
For a free password e-mail: kevin.byron@ntlworld.com
Researcher as Entrepreneur!

• Introduction

• How Research and Business Progress

• The Enterprise Cycle

• Entrepreneurial Skills

• Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation

• What Next?
Support to Entrepreneurs in Higher Education
        Most Universities have a Business Unit:




                 Evaluation


                 Proof-of-concept

                 Licensing

                 Spin-out
Entrepreneurial Ph.D. students at QM
Awardees of the Queen Mary Student Entrepreneurship Prize Fund
                           (£1500)

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Kevin byron researcher_as_entrepreneur

  • 1. From Research to Entrepreneurship Researcher as Entrepreneur! K.C.Byron Enterprise and Research Skills Adviser
  • 2. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 3. Introduction to Terms Creativity: Ideas that are original and useful. A novel and appropriate response to an open-ended challenge or problem. Imagination Intuition The thinking associated with: Ingenuity Insight Inspiration Innovation: A connected process in which many activities from research through to support are coupled together in an integrated way for a common goal. An Entrepreneur: “Searches for change, responds to it and exploits opportunities. Innovation is a specific tool of an entrepreneur hence an effective entrepreneur converts a source into a resource.” “Most of what you hear about entrepreneurship is all wrong. It’s not magic, it’s not mysterious, it’s a discipline, and like any discipline, it can be learnt.” - Peter Drucker (business expert)
  • 4. From Creativity to Innovation Who Invented the lightbulb ?
  • 5. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 7. Progress – Research & Business 2 Sources: Incubation (Creativity) Management (Innovation) Next Development Progress Maturity Creative Steps Delays Setbacks Infancy Rapid Development Effort (Time)
  • 8. How Research Progresses! World High-Jump Record Fosbury Flop Progress Straddle Western Roll Periods of ‘Adaptive’ Research Scissors Time
  • 9. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 10. The Enquiry Wheel The Scientific Community Observing Communicating Defining the the Findings Problem Society Reflecting on Forming the the Findings Questions Question Interpreting the Investigating Results the Known Carrying out Articulating the the Study Expectation Harwood, W.S., Reiff, R., & Phillipson, T. Voices from the frontline: Scientists’ conceptions of scientific inquiry. J.Chem Edu (2004)
  • 11. The Enterprise Cycle* The Marketplace Observing Defining the Problem Launching the or Challenge Business Transforming the Reflecting on Questions Challenge with a the Market & new Business Idea response Decisions Testing the Market Researching the Market Developing the Articulating the Business Business Proposition More Innovation More Creativity * The Enterprise Cycle was devised by K. Byron in 2009. See ‘The Enterprise Cycle', IEEC Conference, Cardiff, 2010.
  • 12. CITY NEWS I have to wait in a long queue to purchase my Wouldn’t it be great if there newspaper! Some people was a way to purchase my walk out of the shop newspaper without queuing? when they see the queue! Win-win: More customers, no newspaper queue. Observing Defining the Problem or Challenge My idea is to have a newspaper vending Questions Transforming the machine which will & Challengewith an Enterprising Idea accept a rail pass card Decisions as well as cash. Researching the Market City News already tried an Articulating the honesty box approach which Expectation Proposition was withdrawn. They haven’t Vision? - Maybe I could tried a vending machine start a business based on (commonplace in the USA). newspaper vending machines?
  • 13. Set up larger-scale business. From Creativity to Innovation Manufacture, offices, staff etc. The Marketplace Observing Analysis of data, benefits to Defining the Problem Launching the customers, viability. Report to Enterprise or Challenge primary customer. Proposal to scale up business. Detailed business plan. Transforming the Identify other customers. Seek Reflecting on Questions Challenge with an the Market & response Enterprising Idea funding. Decisions Testing the Free trials of prototype Market Researching the Market dispensers in three shops. Developing the Articulating the Surveys with users & shop Enterprise Proposition Expectation managers. Vision? - Maybe I could Financials: Size of market? Cost to design and start a business based on manufacture? Quantify benefits to all customers. newspaper vending Viability? Existing competition? IPR? machines? Funding sources? Outline business plan. Relationship marketing! Business model?
  • 14. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 15. The Skills and Specialist Knowledge Associated with Entrepreneurship Specialised Knowledge Transferable Skills and ‘Technical Skills’ Market Research Creativity/Critical Thinking IPR & Confidentiality Personal Effectiveness Business Model Innovation Influence Business Plan Preparation Communication Financials Negotiation Setting up a Business Management/Leadership Marketing and Sales Team Working Project Management Networking Distribution Customer Awareness Exit Strategy • The transferable skills are virtually the same as those required for an effective researcher
  • 17. Drivers of Innovation “We must no longer wait for tomorrow - it has to be invented” - Gaston Berger “Tomorrow is not what it used to be” - Paul Valery • Relationship Marketing • Rise of Global Competition • Boom & Bust Cycles • Accelerating Change • The ‘Open’ World 6-32 15-20 1-5 1-5
  • 18. Opportunities for Innovation • Demographics • Lifestyle • New scientific knowledge
  • 19. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 20. Nominal Groups & Brainstorming Groups Nominal Group Brainstorming Group • All ideas pooled and repetitions counted only once
  • 21. Better Brainstorming! Number and Quality of Ideas Drive Arousal Self-Attention Social Anxiety Production Blocking Social Loafing } Productivity Gap Skilled Facilitator The Sucker Effect Regular Breaks Shared Common Knowledge Guidelines Gender Brain-writing Culture Differences Idea-Generation Tools Nominal Group Brainstorm Group
  • 22. Brainstorming* Divergent Guidelines Convergent Guidelines • Suspend Judgement • Cluster Similar Ideas • Quantity Breeds Quality • Be Decisive • Combine and Improve • Check Your Objective • Seek Wild Ideas • Seek Novelty Diverge first and Converge only when there are sufficient ideas! *These guidelines were originally devised by Alex Osborn and Sid Parnes in the 1950s.
  • 23. Idea- Generation - Transformation • Ask “What if?” Substitute Combine Adapt Modify (Magnify/Minify/Multiply) Put to other uses Eliminate Reverse
  • 24. A ‘SCAMPER’ through the ‘New Scientist’ – 26th Sept’09 Substitute – ‘Virtual cop to run identity parades’ Combine – ‘Paralysed rats put on their running shoes’ Adapt – ‘Locust simulator aids flight of robobug’ Modify – ‘Virtual Rome built in a day’ Put to other uses – ‘Grow Nuclear’ Eliminate – ‘Mutant mice live the dieter’s dream’ Reverse – (i) ‘Drink saves sore heads’ (ii) ‘Free-will an illusion…..’
  • 25. ENTRE: Creative Problem Solving Statements that describe the future vision of Idea-finding Tools How is acceptance gained ? challenges/problems. Association What needs to be done ? Tools: Diagnosing, Transformation What resources are required ? Abstracting Combination Analogy ENquire Transform REalise Identify & Clarify Find Ideas Plan for Action the Challenge & Evaluate 1. Identify Criteria to One clear statement evaluate Ideas What needs to be that gets to the heart 2. Evaluate best Ideas Done? of a selected challenge by testing against How? & When? criteria
  • 26. Creative Problem Solving: Web-based tool For a free password e-mail: kevin.byron@ntlworld.com
  • 27. Researcher as Entrepreneur! • Introduction • How Research and Business Progress • The Enterprise Cycle • Entrepreneurial Skills • Better Brainstorming /Idea-Generation • What Next?
  • 28. Support to Entrepreneurs in Higher Education Most Universities have a Business Unit: Evaluation Proof-of-concept Licensing Spin-out
  • 29. Entrepreneurial Ph.D. students at QM Awardees of the Queen Mary Student Entrepreneurship Prize Fund (£1500)