1. Endangered species
Dontia Durham
3rd period

2. 7 Most endangered species

3. Polar Bear

4. polar bears have black skin and clear fur
to keep them warm
Average height is 1,150
Males are larger than females
Average height is about 8feet (standing
on its hind legs)

5. • The Arctic’s polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have
become the iconic symbol of early victims of
climate-induced habitat loss. Designated a
threatened species for protection by the
Endangered Species Act in the US, many polar
bear populations will be vulnerable to
extinction within the next century if warming
trends in the Arctic continue at the current
pace.

6. Habitat
• The polar bears main habitat is on offshore pack ice, and
along costs and island of the Arctic region. Over 40 per cent
of all polar bears living today live in Northern Canada, on
pack ice and along the shores of the many island there.
Polar bears prefer the ice packs to other parts of their
habitat because it allows them to remain in close contact
with their main food source. Seals. Polar bears will remain
in this ice pack habitat all year. They prefer the sea ice over
all other places. When summer comes, and the polar
regions warm up, the polar bears will travel many miles to
remain on the ice, near their food source, seals. Any polar
bears that do not stay on the ice when the ice begins to
retreat will have to remain on the land, until the ice forms
again in the fall.

7. niche
• The polar bears niche is eating the seals and
whales

8. Food source
• Polar bears feed mainly on ringed and bearded
seals. Depending upon their location, they also eat
harp and hooded seals and scavenge on carcasses of
beluga whales, walruses, narwhals, and bowhead
whales. On occasion, polar bears kill beluga whales
and young walruses.
• When other food is unavailable, polar bears will eat
just about any animal they can get, including
reindeer, small rodents, seabirds, waterfowl, fish,
eggs, vegetation (including kelp), berries, and
human garbage.

9. Reason
• The chief threat to the polar bear is the loss of its sea
ice habitat due to global warming. Rising
temperatures cause sea ice to melt, especially in the
summer months when the polar bears are the most
active. Polar bears depend on sea ice as habitat for
hunting and dens.
• As available sea ice decreases, polar bears have to
swim farther to find suitable habitat and it takes
much longer to find a meal. Compounding the
problem, sea ice loss also impacts polar bears main
food source--seals.

10. • In 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
proposed to list the polar bear as a
threatened species under the Endangered
Species Act primarily because of the decline
of its primary habitat: sea ice. The Secretary
of Interior listed the polar bear as threatened
but restricted the Endangered Species Act's
protections and thus the polar bear's future
is still very much in jeopardy.

11. Solution
• It is critical that we act now to curb
greenhouse gas emissions and find
alternatives to fossil fuels if we are going to
save polar bears and avoid the worst impacts
of global warming. Also changing our daily
lives could help too.

12. Who's the hero???
• WWF is supporting field research to better
understand how climate change will affect polar
bears and to develop adaptation strategies.
WWF also works to protect critical polar bear
habitat by working with governments and
industry to reduce threats from shipping and oil
and gas development in the region and with
local communities to reduce human-bear
conflict in areas where bears are already
stranded on land for longer periods of time due
to lack of ice.

13. Panda Bear

14. • A wild panda spends much of its day resting,
feeding, and seeking food. Unlike other bears
from temperate climates, giant pandas do not
hibernate. Until recently, scientists thought
giant pandas spent most of their lives alone,
with males and females meeting only during the
breeding season. Recent studies paint a
different picture, in which small groups of
pandas share a large territory and sometimes
meet outside the breeding season. Much
remains to be learned about the secret lives of
these elusive animals, and every new discovery
helps scientists in their battle to save this
species.

15. • Pandas can range up to 160 pounds an 1.5
meters tall
• The males are larger than females
• And they eat for ten hours
• They are playful animals

16. • An international symbol of conservation since WWF’s
founding in 1961, the giant panda (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) which numbers around 1,600 in the wild,
faces an uncertain future. Its forest habitat in the
mountainous areas of southwest China has become
fragmented, creating a number of small and isolated
populations. WWF has been active in giant panda
conservation for nearly three decades by working
working with the Chinese government to protect
habitats through the creation of reserves and to help
local communities become less dependent on forest
resources. Over half of the habitat where pandas live is
now protected, and corridors are being established to
connect key panda populations. But the 1,600
remaining wild pandas are still living in over 20
geographically separate areas, and infratructure
development is on the increase, so there’s still much
more to be done.

17. Habitat
• They live in the mountains that has bamboo forests.
Suitable panda bear habitat is found in the
mountainous regions of Southwest China as well as in
the temperate Chinese forests. Earlier, the occupied
panda bear habitat extended throughout a large part
of southern and eastern China, northern Vietnam and
northern Burma. The decline of the panda population
and the loss of panda bear habitat is not a 20th
century problem; it has occurred throughout the last
millennium. The panda bear was considered a rare
species even in ancient China. Hunting and climate
change are believed to have been the two major
factors contributing to the constant decline of this
extraordinary species.

18. Niche
• bamboo forests, its diurnal ( active during the
day )
• it feeds on bamboo leaves and stem, its jaws
are adapted for coping with the tough
vegetations.
• huge paws for digging out roots, thick fur for
extra warmth.

19. Food source
• Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the
panda's diet is 99% bamboo. Pandas in the
wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild
tubers, or even meat in the form of birds,
rodents or carrion. In captivity they may
receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves,
oranges, or bananas along with specially
prepared feed.

20. Reason???
• Today, the giant panda's future remains
uncertain. As China's economy continues
rapidly developing, this bamboo-eating
member of the bear family faces a number of
threats. Its forest habitat, in the mountainous
areas of southwest China, is increasingly
fragmented by roads and railroads. Habitat
loss continues to occur outside of protected
areas, while poaching remains an ever-
present threat.

21. solution
• Fortunately, society has taken notice of the
plight of the Giant Panda. This includes the
Chinese government which has set up 50
Panda Reserves. Essentially, authorities have
set aside over 2.5 million acres for Giant
Pandas, where they can live, at least in
theory, without fear of human destruction.

22. Whos the hero????
• WWF has been active in giant panda conservation since
1980, and was the first international conservation
organization to work in China at the Chinese government's
invitation.
• It is important to recognize that WWF and other NGOs are
significant, but peripheral players in China. After many
years of observation and practice it is clear that WWF’s
main role in China is to assist and influence policy level
conservation decisions through information collection,
demonstration of conservation approaches at all levels
and capacity building. In addition, WWF also serves as a
facilitator; a source of information and a communicator in
panda conservation.

23. Mountain gorilla

24. • Although strong and powerful, gorillas are
generally gentle and shy. They live in groups of
2-40 individuals, averaging about 11. Groups are
led by a dominant male, the silverback, named
for the silvery gray hairs that grow when the
male matures. The silverback serves as the chief
leader and protector of the group, to whom all
group members defer. He decides when and
where to forage, rest and sleep, arbitrates
disputes among his family members and
protects them from rival silverbacks or human
predators.

25. • Scientists consider mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei
beringei) to be a critically endangered gorilla
subspecies, with about 720 surviving in the wild. More
than 200 live in the Virunga National Park, located in
the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo,
bordering Rwanda and Uganda. War has been waged
in areas around the park, with gorillas subject to
related threats such as poaching and loss of habitat.
Conservation efforts have led to an increase in the
Virunga population by 14 per cent in the last 12 years,
while the mountain gorillas other home, the Bwindi
Impenetrable Forest in Uganda, has experienced
population increases of 12 per cent over the past
decade. Despite this success, the mountain gorillas
status remains fragile, and WWF is working to save the
great ape’s forest habitat in the mountains of the heart
of Africa.

26. Habitat
• The dense, forest ecosystems of the mountains of
East Africa are the last remaining habitat of the
mountain gorilla.
• Mountain gorillas are restricted to 4 national parks.
One family of mountain gorillas inhabits the Bwindi
Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. The second
family of mountain gorillas is found in the territory
shared by Volcano National Park (Rwanda), Mgahinga
Gorilla National Park (Uganda), and Virunga National
Park -Southern Sector (DRC).
• Their behavio

27. Niche
• Gorillas are primarily terrestrial (although they
lived in trees back in their evolutionary past).
Gorillas live in tropical rain forests (in the
forest edges and clearings), wet lowland
forests, swamps, and abandoned fields.
• The different subspecies of gorillas live in
different parts of western Africa.

28. Food source
• It is perhaps surprising that an animal as large
and strong as the mountain gorilla is primarily
an herbivore. Mountain gorillas eat over 100
different species of plants. They rarely need to
drink since their diet is so rich in succulent
herbs, from which they get their water.

29. Reason???
• The primary threat to mountain gorillas
comes from forest clearance and
degradation, as the region's growing human
population struggles to eke out a living. The
African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), in
collaboration with Fauna and Flora
International and World Wide Fund for
Nature, established the International Gorilla
Conservation Program (IGCP) to safeguard
the last remaining mountain gorillas.

30. solution
• Educating local communities about zoonotic diseases may
decrease disease transfer, and ideally, providing more
widespread access to health care would also be useful.
Where gorillas come in contact with researchers, park
visitors, and staff, implementing even stronger protocol that
includes face masks, gloves, required immunization, and
further required distances from the animals may also
decrease chances of disease transfer Currently, field
personnel working with the research populations of
mountain gorillas take part in an employee health program
designed to limit disease transfer to gorillas. In populations
as small as the mountain and Cross River gorilla's, it is
imperative to minimize the possibility of infectious disease
transfer as this could eliminate both populations entirely.

31. Whos the hero???
• IGCP works on three levels: Strengthening gorilla
habitat protection through regional collaboration,
researching the dynamic between the human
population and the natural habitat/wildlife, and
working with local communities to develop livelihood
strategies that are complementary to conservation
objectives.
• This coalition has been a tremendous success, but
support is still greatly needed. The most endangered of
the gorilla subspecies, only 786 mountain gorillas
remain in the wild.

32. Did You Know?
• There are only 786 mountain gorillas left in the
world.
• Humans and gorillas are 98% genetically
identical.
• Male silverback gorillas can weigh 50-100
pounds more - and are about 10 times stronger -
than the biggest American football players.
• When the group is attacked by humans,
leopards, or other gorillas, the silverback will
protect them even at the cost of his own life.

33. Leather back sea turtle
• .

34. • Leatherback sea turtles are the biggest turtles
on Earth. A leatherback can weigh more than
a ton—2,000 pounds (907 kilograms)! They're
long, too. Leatherbacks are generally at least 6
feet (2 meters) long. An adult leatherback sea
turtle is generally longer than an average-size
man is tall.

35. • Unlike other species of sea turtles, which have
hard shells, the leatherback's shell is leathery;
it feels almost rubbery. The shell is black,
often speckled with white or yellow spots.
• These huge reptiles lived 100 million years
ago—during the age of dinosaurs—but their
future is uncertain.

36. • The largest marine turtle and one of the largest living reptiles,
the leatherback turtle, (Dermochelys coriaceathe) has survived
for more than a hundred million years, but is now facing
extinction. Recent estimates of numbers show that this species
is declining, particularly in the Pacific where as few as 2,300
adult females now remain, making the Pacific leatherback the
world's most endangered marine turtle population. Atlantic
turtle populations are more stable but scientists predict a
decline due to the large numbers of adults being caught as
bycatch and killed accidentally by fishing fleets. Additionally,
rising sea levels and higher temperatures on Atlantic beaches
pose a new threat to turtles and their offspring. Nest
temperature strongly determines the sex of offspring, and a nest
warming trend is reducing the number of male turtles. WWF
aims to conserve leatherback turtle migratory pathways - by
working with fisheries to decrease bycatch, by protecting critical
nesting beaches, and by raising awareness so that local
communities will protect turtles and their nests.

37. Habitat
• Leatherback sea turtles live mainly in warm
waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian
oceans. They've also been spotted in icy seas
off the northern shores of Canada as well as
the southern coast of South Africa.

38. Niche
• Leatherbacks must breathe air at the surface,
but can stay underwater for up to 35 minutes
at a time. Only females ever leave the ocean.
During nesting season, the female comes
ashore on a sandy beach, where she digs a
hole. She lays about 100 eggs in the hole,
covers them with sand, and heads back to sea.
Sea turtles do not guard their nests, so the
babies are on their own.

39. Food source
• The leatherback sea turtle is omnivorous
feeding on jellyfish (its primary food source),
crabs and fish. They are also known to eat sea
urchins, squid, crustaceans, tunicates, blue-
green algae and seaweed.

40. reason
• Leatherbacks are one of the more endangered
creatures on Earth, for several reasons, mostly
due to human activity. They are often caught by
accident in fishing nets. Stuck underwater, they
drown. Sea turtle nesting habitats are also being
destroyed, and the eggs they do lay are illegally
collected by people for food. Newly hatched sea
turtles instinctively head from the nest to the sea,
but in areas where people live, the hatchlings
often become confused by lights from houses
built along shore. Instead of heading to sea, they
head toward the lights. Another hazard for sea
turtles is floating plastic trash, which they often
mistake for jellyfish, their main food.

41. solution
• Don't buy products which have been made
from sea turtle parts. Guitars, ashtrays,
jewelry and other products made from sea
turtles are sold to tourists around the world.
• Stop loitering in oceans & seas
• Protect sea turtle nests and ensure that they
return to the sea.

42. Who's the hero???
• WWF is working to conserve leatherback
turtles and their habitats in Central and South
America, and the western Pacific through
concerted pan-Pacific and trans-Atlantic
approaches that aim to protect critical nesting
beaches and migratory pathways.

43. Armur leopard

44. • The Amur leopard has some very distinguishing
features. The hairs of its summer pelt are 2.5 cm long
but in winter they are replaced by 7 cm long ones.
• Apart from its long winter coat, which is a light color
in the winter, and more reddish-yellow in the
summer, the Amur leopard is easily told apart from
other leopard subspecies by its widely spaced
rosettes with thick borders. It also has longer legs,
probably an adaptation for walking through snow.
• Adult males weight around 32-48 kg, and
exceptionally large males weigh up to 75 kg. Females
typically weigh 25-43 kg.

45. • Leopards are highly adaptable cats, and all nine
subspecies of leopard were once common
throughout most of Africa and Asia. Today,
however, the Amur leopard is considered the
world’s rarest cat. Also known as the Far Eastern
leopard, this cat’s range originally extended
across northeastern China, the Korean peninsula,
and the southern portion of Primorsky Krai,
Russia. Now just 25 to 40 Amur leopards remain,
occupying a sliver of habitat in Russia along its
border with China. A few of these individuals
sometimes wander into China.

46. • The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)
is a very rare leopard subspecies that lives
only in the remote and snowy northern
forests of eastern Russian’s Primorye region.
Its former range included Korea and northern
China, but the Amur leopard is now extinct in
those countries. A 2007 census counted only
14-20 adult Amur leopards and 5-6 cubs.
Threats facing the species include habitat loss
due to logging, road building and encroaching
civilization, poaching (illegal hunting) and
global climate change.

47. Habitat
• Habitat: forests in hilly country
• Distribution: Russia, in a small area west of
Vladivostok, near China and North Korea. A
few individuals survive in China and Korea.

48. Niche
• The Amur leopard has the most northern
distribution of the eight subspecies of leopard. It
is called after the river Amur on the border
between China and Russia. In the sixties and
seventies the Amur leopard was still found in
considerable numbers in former Manchuria, the
Korean peninsula and in the southern part of
Ussuriland in the Russian Far East. Today the only
viable population is left in a small area between
Vladivostok and the Chinese border. In China and
North Korea very few leopards remain.

49. Food source
• The main prey species are roe deer and sika
deers, small wild boars, along with hares,
badgers and raccoon dogs.

50. Reason???
• The primary reasons for the Amur leopard’s decline are
hunting and loss of habitat. Humans are their main
predators: Trophy hunters seek to kill the leopards for
their beautiful spotted fur coats, while subsistence
hunters find the cats a nuisance as they compete for
sika deer and other prey. Farmers may persecute the
cats in retribution for killing livestock. Annual fires,
ignited by people to turn forests into grasslands for
farming, are probably the greatest threat to leopard
habitat. Since the mid-1970s, in addition to these
threats, logging, inbreeding and disease, development
of natural gas pipelines and road and railway networks,
along with mineral extraction have decimated the
Amur leopard population.

51. solution
• Conserve the armur leopards natural habitat
• Stop deforestation

52. Whos the hero??
• In 1998, the Russian government adopted a
strategy for the conservation of the Amur
leopard. WWF is supporting anti-poaching
activities in the Barsovy wildlife refuge, as well
within the whole leopard habitat in the
Russian Far East.

53. Monarch Butterfly

54. • The Monarch butterfly is one the most readily
recognized and beloved insects in North
America. With its vivid orange and black
markings and often bold behavior around
people, it seldom fails to create a smile on the
face of an those who see it.

55. • Monarch butterflies are known for the
incredible mass migration that brings millions
of them to California and Mexico each winter.
North American monarchs are the only
butterflies that make such a massive
journey—up to 3,000 miles (4,828 kilometers).
The insects must begin this journey each fall
ahead of cold weather, which will kill them if
they tarry too long.

56. • Every year millions of delicate monarch butterflies (Danaus
plexippus) migrate from North America to their winter
habitat in Mexico. A well conserved and protected high-
altitude pine and fir forest in Mexico is essential for the
survival of the overwintering of monarchs, which has been
recognized as an endangered biological phenomenon. The
protection of its reproductive habitats in the United States
and Canada is also crucial to saving this species migration,
one of the most remarkable natural phenomena on the
planet. WWF, in collaboration with the Mexican Fund for
the Conservation of Nature, has designed an innovative
conservation strategy to protect and restore the Monarch
butterflies wintering habitat in Mexico, so butterflies are
protected from extremes weather and other threats. WWF
is also supporting local communities to establish trees
nurseries that are reintroduced to the monarch butterfly
reserve, creating at the same time new sources of income
for the owners of the monarch forests.

57. Habitat
• The Transvolcanic Range in Mexico or the
Pacific coast of California. Monarchs are found
all around the world in sub-tropical to tropical
areas. They are found in open habitats
including meadows, fields, marshes, and
cleared roadsides.

58. Niche
• Monarch butterflies begin life as eggs and
hatch as larvae that eat their eggshells and,
subsequently, the milkweed plants on which
they were placed. (Monarchs are dependent
on milkweed plants, which larvae eat nearly
exclusively.)

59. Food source
• For starters, the larvae (caterpillars) of monarch
butterflies eat ONLY milkweed, this is why the
monarch butterfly is dubbed the ‘milkweed
butterfly’. The larvae stage is the only stage of the
monarch butterfly that feeds on milkweed; there
is something in milkweed that allows the
caterpillar to grow and keep all of the vitamins
needed to transform into a beautiful butterfly. In
turn, the adult butterflies consume all sorts of
different things including nectar, water and even
liquids from some of the fruits we consume.

60. Reason ???
• The Monarch Butterfly population, as well as
numerous other animal species, is suffering the
effects of man-made events as well as the
consequences of the “global warming” phenomenon.
• Scientists assert that the global climate change may
cause the Monarch’s over-wintering sites in Mexico
to become wetter, and the spring and summer
breeding areas of the United States west coast and
mid-western agricultural belt to become warmer. As
temperatures become too warm for this species,
their summer migrations may take them even further
northward.

61. solution
• The world can do their part by lowering
conditions that cause global warming…such as
lowering the carbon dioxide rate.

62. Whos the hero???
• World Wildlife Fund, in collaboration with the
Mexican Fund for the Conservation of Nature has
designed an innovative conservation strategy to
protect and restore the Monarch butterflies
wintering habitat in Mexico. The plan will help
preserve the high-altitude pine and fir forest that
serves as home to one of the most remarkable
natural phenomena on the planet.
• A well-preserved forest ecosystem in Mexico is
critical for the survival of the Monarch butterfly
wintering, which has been recognized as an
endangered biological phenomenon, and the first
priority in world butterfly conservation.

63. Javan Rhinoceros

64. • The Javan rhino is very similar in appearance to the closely
related greater one-horned rhinoceros, but has a much
smaller head, a slightly smaller overall size, and looser, less
apparent skin folds.
• The species has a single horn of about about 25 cm. Recent
evidence suggests that the horn may be absent or very
small in females.
• The upper lip is pointed and can be used to grasp food and
bring it to the mouth.
• Size: 2-4m long, up to 170cm in height, and weighing 900-
2,300kg
• Color: Dusky grey

65. • The Javan rhino is probably the rarest large
mammal on the planet, with no more than 50
left in the wild and none in captivity.

66. • Listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List (2009),
the Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is considered to be
one of the most endangered large mammals in the world
with only two populations existing in the wild, for a total
number of less than 60 animals. Highly prized as a
commodity in traditional Asian medicine, Javan rhinos have
also been brought to the verge of extinction by the
conversion of forest habitat to farmland. WWF has been
involved in protection and conservation of the Javan rhino
since 1998, supporting forest rangers to undertake increased
patrolling and protection activities, conducting surveys of
the rhino population, raising awareness of the importance of
the rhinos to local communities, and supporting park
management. Last month, highly trained sniffer dogs were
used to search for traces of the extremely rare and
endangered Vietnamese Javan Rhinoceros, of which no more
than a dozen are thought to exist. These samples will be
analysed to better understand the gender mix and whether
this small population has a chance of survival.

67. Habitat
• -lives in dense rainforest
• -prefers low altitudes
• -there is evidence of Javan Rhinos living 3,000 ft
above sea level
• -favors places with good water supply
• -likes to roll in wallow, which is a muddy pit
• -instead of digging its own wallow, it uses a pig
wallow or natural pit
• -is a solitary animal
• -has loosely defined territory
• -can go several days without drinking
• -may travel great distances to find water
• -has bad eyesight
• -is alerted to danger by sense of hearing and smell

68. Niche
• The Javan rhino appears to be a more
adaptable feeder than other extant rhino
species. In the tropical rainforest where the
species now survives, it is a pure browser, but
possibly was a mixed feeder (both browse and
grass) in other parts of its historic range where
the species is generally believed to have
occupied more lowland areas, especially along
watercourses.

69. Food source
• -eats about 150 different plant species
• -prefers shoots, twigs, young foliage, and fallen
fruit
• -area where it feeds is easy to spot because of
uprooted saplings
• - to knock over a tree, the rhino leans against it
with its shoulder
• - as tree gives way, the rhino pushes it down with
its front legs
• -also feeds from bushes and low hanging branches
• -its upper lip is adapted to grasp food for this purpose

70. Reason???
• Only one or two small populations of Javan
rhino remain. This makes the species
extremely vulnerable to extinction due to
natural catastrophes, diseases, poaching,
political disturbances, and genetic drift. The
biology of the species is poorly understood,
with techniques for accurately estimating their
numbers not fully developed.

71. solution
• By purchasing certified sustainable palm oil
and FSC-certified forest products, retailers,
traders, and manufacturers help protect Javan
rhino habitat by limiting illegal logging and
forest conversion to oil palm plantations.
Consumers can also help by demanding
certified products.

72. Whos the hero???
• Today, we conduct ongoing research on the Javan rhino in Indonesia,
which continues to reveal critical information on behavioural patterns,
distribution, movement, population size, sex ratio and genetic diversity.
• We also support anti-poaching patrols in Indonesia's Ujung Kulon National
Park.
• In addition, in Ujung Kulon National Park we are supporting habitat
management in the hope that the existing environment can maintain a
larger population.
• These efforts include reducing threats from encroachment and illegal
extractions, reducing Javan rhino competition with banteng (wild cattle),
and studies to increase the availability of the species' natural food supply
by halting and reducing the invasion of Arenga palm.

73. I believe if everyone had a burning
passion for these magnificent
creatures…we could save the
world.
-Thank you