The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. It notes that biomedical waste includes infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps waste, pharmaceutical waste, genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and radioactive waste. The document also outlines the Ministry of Environment and Forest's classification of biomedical waste into 10 categories and the recommended treatment and disposal methods for each category. Key sources of biomedical waste are identified as hospitals, clinics, labs, and other healthcare facilities.

1. BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT

2. PRESENTED BY:
 Deepika Tiwari-15
 Ishani Bhattacharya-20
 Neha Gupta-31
 Pritee Agarwal-42
 Shashank Pandey-54

3. LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE THE
LIVES OF “THE HEALTHY”
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4. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
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Definition :
Acc to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical waste”
means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining there to or in the production or testing of bio medicals.
Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged directly,
or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the atmosphere or to a
receiving water source, or used for landfill is waste. (Wilson, 1981)

5. SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
 Government/private hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Physician/dentist office or clinic
 Dispensaries
 Primary health care centers
 Medical research and training centers
 animal./slaughter houses
 labs/research organizations
 Vaccinating centers
 Bio tech institutions/production units
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6. DEFINITION
 Hospital waste: refers to all waste, biological or non biological, that
is discarded and is not intended for further use .
 Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of patient
diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings or animals .
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8. DEFINITION
 Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that could
transmit an ‘infectious disease’.
 Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/ autopsy
or other medical procedures including human tissues, organs,
body parts, body fluids and specimens along their containers.
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9. MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
 GLOBALLY- Developed countries generate 1 to 5 kg/bed/day
 Developing countries: meager data, but figures are lower.
1-2kg/pt./day
 WHO Report: 85% non hazardous waste
: 10% infective waste
: 5% non-infectious but hazardous.
(Chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive)
 INDIA:-No national level study
- local or regional level study shows hospitals
generate roughly 1-2 kg/bed/day
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10. CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTES (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST)
 The Ministry of Environment and Forest has drafted certain rules
in exercise of powers conferred by sections 6,8 and 25 of the
environment (protection) act, 1986
 The Gazette of India extraordinary , part II –section 3- subsection (ii)
 On 20th July 1998
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11. 11
WASTE
CATEGORY
TYPE OF WASTE
TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OPTION
Category No. 1
Human Anatomical Waste (Human
tissues, organs, body parts)
Incineration@ / deep
burial*
Category No. 2
Animal Waste
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in research,
waste generated by veterinary hospitals
and colleges, discharge from hospitals,
animal houses)
Incineration@ / deep
burial*
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks
or specimen of live micro organisms or
attenuated vaccines, human and animal
cell cultures used in research and
infectious agents from research and
industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biologicals, toxins and
devices used for transfer of cultures)
Local autoclaving/
microwaving /
incineration@
CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I

12. 12
Category No. 4
Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,
scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may
cause puncture and cuts. This includes
both used and unused sharps)
Disinfecting (chemical
treatment@@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
and mutilation / shredding
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
(Wastes comprising of outdated,
contaminated and discarded medicines)
Incineration@ / destruction
and drugs disposal in
secured landfills
Category No. 6
Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with
body fluids including cotton, dressings,
soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding and
other materials contaminated with blood.)
Incineration@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
Category No. 7
Solid Waste (Waste generated from
disposable items other than the waste
sharps such as tubing, catheters,
intravenous sets, etc.)
Disinfecting by chemical
treatment@@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
and mutilation / shredding

13. 13
Category No. 8
Liquid Waste (Waste generated from
the laboratory and washing, cleaning,
house keeping and disinfecting
activities)
Disinfecting by chemical
treatment@@ and
discharge into drains
Category No. 9
Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration
of any biomedical waste)
Disposal in municipal
landfill
Category No.10
Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in
production of biologicals, chemicals
used in disinfecting, as insecticides,
etc.)
Chemical treatment @@
and discharge into drains
for liquids and secured
landfill for solids.

14. PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA

15. CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
INFECTIOUS WASTE
 Lab cultures
 Waste from isolation wards
 Tissues(swabs)
 Materials/equipments of infected patients

16. PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
• Excreta
• Human tissues/fluids
• Body parts
• Blood or body fluids

17. SHARP WASTE
 Needles
 Infusion Sets
 Scalpels
 Knives Blades
 Broken Glass

18. PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE
• Expired Pharmaceuticals
• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals
• Banned Pharmaceuticals

19. GENOTOXIC WASTE
 Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often
Used In Cancer Theraphy)
 Genotoxic Chemicals
CHEMICAL WASTE
 Lab reagents
 Film developer
 Expired disinfectants
 Expired solvents
WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY
METALS
 Waste with high content of heavy metals
 Batteries
 Broken thermometers
 Blood pressure guages etc

20. PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
 Gas cylinders
 Gas catridges
 Aerosol cans
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
 Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
 Contaminated glass wares, packages,
absorbent papers

21. HOSPITAL WASTE DISPOSAL
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 Hospital waste management
is a part of hospital hygiene
and maintenance activities. In
fact only 15% of hospital
waste i.e. "Biomedical waste"
is hazardous, not the
complete.
 But when hazardous waste is
not segregated at the source
of generation and mixed with
nonhazardous waste, then
100% waste becomes
hazardous

22. Treatment and Disposal Methods of
Hospital Waste
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23. THANK YOU