Déjà vu is an experience of feeling like one has witnessed or experienced a new situation previously, though the exact circumstances are uncertain. It may result from an overlap between neurological systems responsible for short-term and long-term memory. The strongest pathological association is with temporal lobe epilepsy. Memory-based explanations suggest déjà vu may be a form of familiarity-based recognition. Some believe it is a memory of dreams being triggered by the current situation.

2. Déjà vu also called paramnesia, or promnesia, is the experience of feeling sure that
one has witnessed or experienced a new situation previously (an individual feels as though
an event has already happened or has happened in the near past), although the exact
circumstances of the previous encounter are uncertain. The term was coined by a French
psychic researcher, Émile Boirac. In particular, this may result from an overlap
between the neurological systems responsible for short-term memory (events which are
perceived as being in the present) and those responsible for long-term memory (events
which are perceived as being in the past). The events would be stored into memory before the
conscious part of the brain even receives the information and processes it.

3. The strongest pathological association of déjà vu is with temporal lobe epilepsy
.This correlation has led some researchers to speculate that the experience of déjà vu is
possibly a neurological anomaly related to improper electrical discharge in the brain.
.It has been reported that certain drugs increase the chances of déjà vu occurring in the
user.
Memory based explanations suggest that déjà vu may be a form of familiarity-based
recognition. Another possible explanation for the phenomenon of déjà vu is the
occurrence of "cryptamnesia", which is where information learned is forgotten but
nevertheless stored in the brain, and occurrence of similar invokes the contained
knowledge.
Some believe déjà vu is the memory of dreams. In this case, déjà vu might be a
memory of a forgotten dream with elements in common with the current waking
experience. This may be similar to another phenomenon known as déjà rêvé, or
"already dreamed". Those believing in reincarnation theorize that déjà vu is caused
by fragments of past-life memories being jarred to the surface of the mind by familiar
surroundings or people.

4. Jamais vu is a term in psychology (from French, meaning "never seen") which is used to
describe any familiar situation which is not recognized by the observer.
Often described as the opposite of déjà vu, jamais vu involves a sense of eeriness and the
observer's impression of seeing the situation for the first time, despite rationally knowing that
he or she has been in the situation before.
Jamais vu is more commonly explained as when a person momentarily does not recognize a
word, person, or place that they already know.

5. A delusion, in everyday language, is a fixed belief that is either false, fanciful, or
derived from deception. Psychiatry defines the term more specifically as a belief that is
pathological (the result of an illness). In pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on
false or incomplete information, apperception, illusion, or other effects of perception.
Delusions typically occur in the context of neurological or mental illness. The top two
'Factors mainly concerned in the germination of delusions' are:
1. Disorder of brain functioning and
2. Background influences of temperament and personality.

6. Delusions are categorized as either bizarre or non-bizarre and as either mood-congruent
or mood-neutral. Some of the more common delusion themes are:
Delusion of control: This is a false belief that another person, group of people, or external
force controls one's thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior.
Nihilistic delusion: A delusion whose theme centers on the nonexistence of self or parts of
self, others, or the world. A person with this type of delusion may have the false belief
that the world is ending.
Delusional jealousy : A person with this delusion falsely believes their spouse or lover is
having an affair. This delusion stems from pathological jealousy.
Delusion of guilt or sin: This is a false feeling of remorse or guilt of delusional intensity.
A person may, for example, believe they have committed some horrible crime and should
be punished severely.

7. Delusion of mind being read: The false belief that other people can know one's
thoughts.
Erotomania: It is a delusion in which one believes that another person is in love
with him or her.
Grandiose Delusion: An individual is convinced they have special powers, talents, or
abilities. Sometimes, the individual may actually believe they are a famous person or
character.
Persecutory delusions: These are the most common type of delusions and involve the
theme of being followed, harassed, cheated, poisoned or drugged, conspired against,
spied on, attacked, or obstructed in the pursuit of goals.
Somatic delusion: A delusion whose content pertains to bodily functioning, bodily
sensations, or physical appearance. Usually the false belief is that the body is
somehow diseased, abnormal, or changed.

8. Paranoia is a thought process characterized by excessive anxiety or fear, often to the point
of irrationality and delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs
concerning a perceived threat towards oneself.
The term paranoia was used to describe a mental illness in which a delusional belief is the sole
or most prominent feature.Initially, the term pure paranoia was used to describe a condition
where a delusion was present, but without any apparent deterioration in intellectual
abilities. Sometimes in common
usage, the term paranoia is misused to describe a phobia. For example, a person may not want
to fly out of fear the plane may crash. This does not in itself indicate paranoia, but rather a
phobia. An example of paranoia, however, would be fear that while watching an American
Football game, the team huddle was talking about the person affected.

9. Intuition is the apparent ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the
use of reason. “The word ‘intuition’ comes from the Latin word 'intueri', which is
often roughly translated as meaning ‘to look inside’ or ‘to contemplate’." The
"right brain" is popularly associated with intuitive processes. Some scientists have
contended that intuition is associated with innovation in scientific discovery.
Intuition is frequently called a hunch, a gut feeling, a burst of genius, a gut
response, and even luck. It is a function of the right hemisphere of the brain
involving extra-sensory perception (ESP), but much more; it functions on the
physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual levels. Each person experiences intuition
differently. There may be physical sensations, such as tingling of the skin;
clairaudient or inner voice; inspirational solutions to problems; feelings of closeness
to God or the Divine Force. Intuitions are distinguished from beliefs, since we can
hold beliefs which are not intuitive, or have intuitions for propositions that we
know to be false.

10. Many children and adolescents possess a high degree of intuition, but as
they grow older their thought process become more analytical causing more
activity within the left hemisphere of the brain.
Studies have shown that physical
environment can enhance or inhibit intuition. Also, music stimulates
intuition by putting an individual in a relaxed state to produce pleasant
memories, which causes the right and left hemispheres of the brain to work
in greater unity.
Intuition is important in mysticism. It is thought
to be vital in perceiving direct and immediate truth of the most intimate
secrets of life. Through deep meditation and contemplation, mystics
experience intuitive flashes in which they perceive the ineffable nature of
the cosmos, the Divine Force, the soul, and the unity of everything.

11. Intuition is commonly discussed in writings of spiritual thought. Contextually,
there is often an idea of a transcendent and more qualitative mind of one’s spirit
towards which a person strives, or towards which consciousness evolves. Typically,
intuition is regarded as a conscient commonality between earthly knowledge and the
higher spiritual knowledge and appears as flashes of insight.It is asserted that by
definition intuition cannot be judged by logical reasoning.

13. Hypnosis is a mental state (state theory) or set of attitudes (non-state
theory) usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction,
which is commonly composed of a series of preliminary instructions and
suggestions. Hypnotic suggestions may be delivered by a hypnotist in
the presence of the subject , or may be self-administered. The use of
hypnotism for therapeutic purposes is referred to as “hypnotherapy".
Although a popular misconception is that hypnosis is a form of
unconsciousness resembling sleep, contemporary research suggests that it
is actually a wakeful state of focused attention and heightened
suggestibility, with diminished peripheral awareness. Hypnosis is
normally preceded by a "hypnotic induction" technique. Traditionally
this was interpreted as a method of putting the subject into a "hypnotic
trance"; however subsequent theorists have viewed it differently. There
are an enormous variety of different induction techniques used in
hypnotism. However, by far the most influential method was the
original "eye-fixation" technique of Braid, also known as "Braidism".

14. Hypnosis has been used as a painkiller, an adjunct to weight loss, a
treatment of skin disease and as a way to soothe anxious surgical patients.
It has also been used as part of psychological therapy, a way to relax and
as a tool to enhance sports performance.
Self-hypnosis is popularly used by people who want to quit smoking and
reduce stress, while stage hypnosis can be used to persuade people to
perform unusual public feats.
Hypnotherapy has been successfully used as a treatment for irritable bowel
syndrome. A large number of clinical studies show that hypnosis can reduce
the pain experienced by people undergoing bone marrow aspirations, and
childbirth..
Other uses: Hypnotism has also been used in forensics, sports, education,
physical therapy and rehabilitation. Hypnotism has also been employed by
artists for creative purposes .
Some people have drawn analogies between certain aspects of hypnotism
and areas such as crowd psychology, religious hysteria, and ritual trances

15. Dreams are a series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring
involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The content and
purpose of dreams are not fully understood, though they have been a topic
of speculation and interest throughout recorded history. The scientific
study of dreams is known as oneirology.
Dreams have a long history, both as a subject of conjecture and as a
source of inspiration. Throughout history, people have sought
meaning in dreams or divination through dreams. They have been described
physiologically as a response to neural processes during sleep,
psychologically as reflections of the subconscious, and spiritually as
messages from gods or predictions of the future

16. Dream Interpretation was explained by Sigmund Freud as the basis of
fulfillment of desires. Calvin S. Hall proposed a theory of dreams In
1954, according to which, dreaming is considered to be a cognitive
process. Hall stated that the dream images were simply visual symbols
of personal views. According to Hobson and Solm, dreams are a type of
psychosis.
Depending upon the physical characteristics, sexual outlook and native
desires, animals are seen in dreams. Flying or chirping birds symbolize
happiness, love, balance and a sunny perspective towards life. Presence
of body parts in dreams depend upon the dream ego and the conscious
identity. Sometimes the dream may forebode any health problems of the
specific part. When ants are seen in a dream, the meaning is that there
is a feeling of being neglected. If there is an unterminated
communication with somebody, characters appear in the dream till the
issue is finalized. The presence of different foods in a dream can be
connected with new beliefs and ideas that one imbibes and digests

17. Common dreams and the possible meanings are as follows -
Test Dreams - anxious and perturbed feelings, lack of confidence,
others are judging.
Flying Dreams - a strong mind and will, being afraid of challenges and
success, being on the top of a situation.
Chase Dreams - fear of being attacked, presence of self-destructive
actions, method of handling stresses and fears.
Naked Dreams - inability to conceal something, fear of being disgraced,
being caught unaware, desire to get noticed.
Teeth Dreams - anxiety regarding appearance, fear of being abashed,
sense of powerlessness, lack of self-confidence.
Falling Dreams - presence of insecurity and instability, feeling of
failure or inferiority, yielding to a sexual urge.

18. The dreamer should ponder upon the following topics in order to analyze
his dreams, so that the import is revealed.
 the actions in the dream .
 the prominent symbols and relation between these .
the connection of one dream with past dreams .
the opponents and supporters in the dream .
 part of the dream, the dreamer would like to avoid .
 what does the dream demand from the dreamer .
 why did the dreamer have the particular dream.
The first step in Dream Analysis is to write down the dream. Then,
disregard the petty details and recognize the main theme of the dream.
After the theme is found out, the part of the life it applies to must be
thought of. The emotional state during the dream plays an important role.
Symbols must be taken personally. Every dreamer associates symbols with
different things.
In a nutshell, understanding dreams is a very complex topic and requires

19. Lucid dreaming refers to the ability to be consciously aware in your
dreams.
Normally in dreams you just react to whatever happens.
When you become lucid during dreams you are aware that what you are
experiencing is a dream and that there are no restrictions to where you
can go, what you can see or what you can achieve.
When you attain this level of awareness you are able to consciously
create what you see and what you do within your dreams.
Because you are working in your unconscious mind, your waking life
rationality is not there and this allows you to perceive things,
differently, in a potentially “out of the box” way, opening up new ideas
and ways to view your issue.
Lucid dreaming has the ability to open up new insights and enable us to
get a new take on things.
There are many wonderful practical applications for the skill of lucid dreaming.
One of the most beneficial is its ability to turn nightmares from fearful
experiences to ones of happiness and excitement.

20. Nightmares are bad dreams.
They can make you feel extremely scared and frightened. But fear
not….these dreams are not real and are usually quite normal.
Characterized by vivid imagery and extreme feelings such as anxiety, fear,
sadness or guilt they are powerful enough to wake you up.
Children experience frightening dreams more often than adults, especially
between the ages of 3-4 and 7-8.
Bad dreams at this age show a normal struggle to cope with fears and
issues and they usually involve being chased by wild animals. This is a
normal stage of development for children and should be viewed as such.
In adults, about 50% report experiencing nightmares occasionally and of
these, they occur more often in women than men.
There are certain factors that contribute to frightening dreams occurring in
adults:
1. Certain Medications and illnesses, especially fever, can cause bad
dreams.
2. Stress and anxiety in adults is the main reason that causes bad dreams.