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Worsening of Female to Male                                 Ratio in India,[object Object],            PRESENTED BY:,[object Object],            PRADEEP  SAINI,[object Object],            PRANJALI  AGRAWAL,[object Object],            PRATEEK   JAIN,[object Object],            PREETI   SINGH,[object Object],            PRIYANKA   MITTAL,[object Object]
What is sex ratio?,[object Object],Sex Ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males. ,[object Object],Sex Ratio is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males and females at a given point of time.,[object Object],Sex Ratio can be ,[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary  - ratio is the ratio at time of birth
Tertiary - ratio of mature organisms,[object Object]
Contd…,[object Object],Even as the latest UNDP Report ranks India 119 in the Human Development Index, in the Gender Inequality Index, India ranks 122 at 0.748.,[object Object],A survey conducted by the United Nations in 2007 revealed that over 2,000 unborn girls are aborted every day in India,[object Object],While we boast that we have a female President in PratibhaPatil and a female leader of the ruling coalition in the Parliament in Sonia Gandhi - while we celebrate the staggering achievements of KalpanaChawla, Sunita Williams, IndraNooyi, Kiran M. Shaw and SaniaMirza - we all fail to undo the hypocrisy of sex selection in India.,[object Object]
Worsening of female to male                                 ratio in india
Amazed???,[object Object],According to the most recent estimates, China and India account for nearly 80 per cent of all ‘missing women’ in the world.”,[object Object]
Some important reasons for worsening female to male ratio,[object Object],Female infanticide / Foeticide,[object Object],[object Object]
Practice of dowry - Indian wedding customs mean that girls are often seen as a huge cost with very little returns, partly because the practice of demanding dowries remains the norm, despite being illegal.
Patrilineal system
The unabated practice of the selective abortion of girls in the womb needs to be stopped in a bid to evade insecurity and shortage of girls in the long run.  On April 19,2007 authorities in Gujarat found over a dozen human foetuses in a rubbish bin in Ahmedabad. They suspect that local abortion clinics might have dumped the foetuses after conducting illegal sex determination tests.,[object Object]
Contd…,[object Object],A study was conducted by SreevidyaSubramoney & Prakash C. Gupta, Mumbai. The available data demonstrate ultrasound misuse as a major culprit. The data revealed lower sex ratios among women accessing private hospitals compared to those accessing government hospitals             (780 vs 872).,[object Object]
Impacts of the decreasing ratio,[object Object],Societal effects,[object Object],    It is estimated that by 2020 there could be more than 25 million young 'surplus males' in India. , the loss of the 'natural balance' will result in a skewed society which will be warped from within to the extent of being unable to concentrate on other important issues of national interest. The Hindi movie Matrubhoomi (2005) tried to portray this.,[object Object],[object Object],    It leads to increase in the acts of sexual violence , discrimination, and abuse of the smaller group.,[object Object]
Contd…,[object Object],There may be psychological implications for both the parents and child if the procedure does not produce a child of the desired sex. Furthermore, problems may also arise if the gender-related expectations of the parents are not subsequently fulfilled by the child. However, it may be the case that any child will fail to fulfill particular parental expectations. ,[object Object]
Steps taken by government,[object Object],The Indian government banned sex-determination tests at national level in 1994 with the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act. The new legislation authorised only government- registered clinics and laboratories to utilise prenatal diagnostic procedures that could be used to find out the sex of the foetus. The Act further rejected the use of prenatal diagnostic procedures unless there is a heightened possibility that the foetus suffers from a harmful condition or genetic disease. However, the law has by far proved ineffectual. ,[object Object],The law’s ineffectiveness is also proved by the reports that claim Indian women in the UK come to India to abort their female foetus to have more boys.,[object Object],Government schemes like “Laadli” support single girl child ,[object Object]
Solution to the problem,[object Object],The problem has to be tackled through women’s education and empowerment including the right to property and land rights.,[object Object],Women should also be socialized from early childhood to consider themselves equal to men. They should be encouraged to assume all those responsibilities, which are normally considered to belong to the male domain. This would have a positive influence on future generations, as today’s girls would be tomorrow’s mothers, as well as, mothers-in-law.,[object Object]
Contd…,[object Object],Central/state governments should popularize schemes in operation in the states through economic benefits that could accrue to those families having a girl child, similar to the Shagan scheme launched by the Government of Punjab, Apni beti apna dhan, Balika samriddhi yojana.,[object Object],Multimedia campaigns at the National and state levels should be launched against female foeticide to create awareness to curb the problem and synergize government initiatives to promote women-oriented programmes,[object Object]
CONCLUSION,[object Object],In a Nation where women are considered the symbol of strength and purity and are worshipped , we should be reminded of our values and the fact that in order to be a developed nation we have to develop the woman power equally. ,[object Object]

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Worsening of female to male ratio in india

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  • 9. Practice of dowry - Indian wedding customs mean that girls are often seen as a huge cost with very little returns, partly because the practice of demanding dowries remains the norm, despite being illegal.
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