06 agricultural information

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND
International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD),
INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND
ISSN: 2277 – 3541 (Print) ISSN: 2277 – 3673 (Online) Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012, ©
DEVELOPMENT (IJLISRD)
PRJ Publication

ISSN: 2277 – 3541 (Print)
ISSN: 2277 – 3673 (Online)
IJLISRD
© PRJ PUBLICATION
Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April (2012), pp. 56-68
© PRJ: www.prjpublication.com/ijlisrd.asp

A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGY LITERATURE OF
SELECTED CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES OF INDIA, 2000 – 2010

Dr. R. SEVUKAN
Reader
Department of Library and Information Science
Pondicherry University
Puducherry, India
Email: sevukan2002@yahoo.com

N. ANITHA
MLIS (Alumnus), Department of Library and Information Science
Pondicherry University
Puducherry, India
Email: anitha2109@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The study explores the quantitative analysis of research performance of the
researchers in central universities of India in the field of biology. A total of 3634
records for 11 years between 2000 and 2010 were retrieved from ISI Web of
Science. The study aims to ascertain the growth of literature, authorship pattern,
collaboration pattern, sources of publications, identification of prolific authors,
institutions, core journals, etc. The result showed that the growth of publications
increases rapidly, and the research collaboration among biology researchers is
fairly collaborative.

Keywords: scientometrics, central universities, biology, collaborative coefficient,
biology scientists, biology literature

INTRODUCTION
Researchers in several disciplines have been interested in publication productivity as a means of
assessing scholarly excellence of individual researchers within a field.1–5 Publication
productivity, as measured by the number of papers, has also been regarded as one of the main

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indicators of reputation of institutions in general6–10 and academic institutions in particular.11–12
There is a growing awareness that the advantages of basing research, and subsequent political
choices, on criteria that lend themselves for more quantitative evaluation.13 Bibliometrics is one
of the interdisciplinary research fields concerned with measuring the output of almost all
scientific fields.14 The researchers of Library and Information Science extensively use
bibliometrics as a tool to identify the pattern of publication, authorship and secondary journal
coverage with the objective of getting an insight into the dynamics of growth of knowledge in
the areas under consideration. This consequently leads to better organization of information
resources which is essential for its most effective and efficient use.
Based on the above fact, it was intended to carry out a study on “Scientometric analysis of
biology literature of selected central universities of India, 2000 – 2010”. The study aims to
ascertain the growth of literature, authorship pattern, collaboration pattern, sources of
publications, identification of prolific authors, institutions, core journals, etc. in the field of
biology by faculties in central universities of India.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives proposed for the present study are:

• To ascertain the growth of biology literature in selected central universities of India;

• To analyze the authorship pattern of research trend in biology by the faculties in selected
central universities of India;

• To analyze the extent of research collaboration among the faculties in selected central
universities of India;

• To identify the geographic distribution of journals from which the research contribution
of faculties got published;

• To identify the area of research concentration on different subfields of biology in selected
central universities of India;

• To analyze various forms of publications in which the faculties of selected central
universities reported their research contribution; and

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A total of numbers of 3634 records was retrieved for a period of 11 years between 2000 and
2010 from ISI-Web of Science. There are 44 central universities in India. Of which, the
following seven universities were undertaken for the study as the remaining universities did not
have either the biology as discipline or they had no records in web of science – Aligarh Muslim
University (504 publications), Banaras Hindu University (994 publications), Delhi University
(1341 publications), Central University of Gujarat (80 publications), University of Hyderabad
(103 publications), Pondicherry University (487 publications), and Visva Bharati University (125
publications).

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Collaborative Coefficient

To measure the extent and strength of collaboration among the biology faculties of some selected
central universities of India, a method called Collaborative Co – efficient (CC) suggested by
Ajiferuke15 was adopted. This can be mathematically expressed as:
j =k
CC = 1 − ∑ (1 / J ) f j / N [Equation…1]
j =1
Where fj is the number of J authored papers published in a discipline during a
certain period of time;
N is the total number of research papers published in a discipline during a
certain period of time; and
k is the greatest number of authors per paper in a discipline.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Yearwise distribution of research publications
The annual research trends of biology faculties in selected central Universities for the period
between 2000 and 2010 has been presented in Table 1. The Table indicates that the number of
publications in 2000 was 26 that rose to 590 in 2009. The highest output was observed in 2009
that accounts for 16.24% of the total output over the period of study. As far as the growth of
publications is concerned, it was found that a steady growth in terms of productivity was
observed throughout the period of study. However, there was a sudden increase in 2004 and
sudden decrease in 2003.

Table 1: Year-Wise Distribution of Annual Research Output of
Selected Central Universities
No. of
Year Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Publication
2000 26 0.72 0.72
2001 258 7.10 7.82
2002 183 5.04 12.86
2003 77 2.12 14.97
2004 223 6.14 21.11
2005 316 8.70 29.81
2006 415 11.42 41.23
2007 458 12.60 53.83
2008 516 14.20 68.03
2009 590 16.24 84.26
2010 572 15.74 100.00
Total 3634 100.00

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Ranking of universities based on research productivity

University-wise total research productivity of biology faculties in some selected central
universities of India for 2000 – 2010 based on SCIE has been presented, according to rank in
terms of productivity in Table 2. It was noted that Delhi University ranks first in order by
contributing 36.9 percent of total research output. The second place in order is recorded by
Banaras Hindu University which shares 27.35 percent. Aligarh Muslim University contributing
13.87 percent to the total research output of the central universities takes third place in order
followed by Pondicherry University (13.4%), Visva Bharati University (3.44%), Hyderabad
University (2.83%), and Gujarat University (2.2%). However, there was a wide gap observed
between the research contribution of Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University.
The contribution of Banaras Hindu University is almost double that of Aligarh Muslim
University.
Table 2: Distribution of university wise research output of biology faculties
SL. No. of Cumulative
University Percentage
No. Records Percentage
1 Delhi University 1341 36.90 36.90
2 Banaras Hindu University 994 27.35 64.25
3 Aligarh Muslim University 504 13.87 78.12
4 Pondicherry University 487 13.40 91.52
5 Visva Bharati University 125 3.44 94.96
6 Hyderabad University 103 2.83 97.80
7 Gujarat University 80 2.20 100.00
Total 3634 100.00

Source-wise distribution of biology literature of central universities

The analysis of publications of 3634 records reveals that journal articles occupy predominant
position sharing 84.76 percent of total research output, the other ranked sources are reviews
(5.56%), meeting abstracts (4.73%), proceedings (2.56%), letters (0.94%), editorial material
(0.88%) and corrections (0.58%). As a result, it is clear that the faculties of some central
Universities got their research published predominantly by journal articles (Table 3).

Table 3: Sources-Wise Distribution of total research trends of
selected central universities
Source Type No of Publication Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Articles 3080 84.76 84.76
Reviews 202 5.56 90.31
Meting Abstracts 172 4.73 95.05
Proceedings 93 2.56 97.61
Letters 34 0.94 98.54
Editorial Material 32 0.88 99.42
Corrections 21 0.58 100.00
Total 3634 100

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Subfield wise contribution of faculties in selected central Universities

These publications were thoroughly examined to identify the different subfields in which the
faculties of selected central universities have concentrated. Table 4 presents the results of the
subfield-wise contribution of faculties in some selected central Universities. It was observed that
biochemistry and molecular biology yields 24.38% of total research output, and it is placed first
in order followed by biotechnology and applied microbiology (16.51%), microbiology (10.04%),
biology (9.93%), plant science (6.69%), biophysics (5.12%), cell biology (4.98%), oncology
(4.76%), ecology (3.36%), zoology (2.59%) and biochemistry research methods (2.15%). The
remaining subjects namely, entomology, generics and heredity, marine and freshwater biology,
virology, etc. take the percentage share less than 2 percent.

Table 4: Subfield-wise distribution of biology literature of central universities
No. of Cumulative
Subject Publications Percentage Percentage
Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 886 24.38 24.38
Biotechnology And Applied Microbiology 600 16.51 40.89
Microbiology 365 10.04 50.93
Biology 361 9.93 60.87
Plant Science 243 6.69 67.56
Biophysics 186 5.12 72.67
Cell Biology 181 4.98 77.65
Oncology 173 4.76 82.42
Ecology 122 3.36 85.77
Zoology 94 2.59 88.36
Biochemistry Research Methods 78 2.15 90.51
Entomology 60 1.65 92.16
Generics And Heredity 59 1.62 93.78
Marine And Freshwater Biology 51 1.40 95.18
Virology 37 1.02 96.20
Mycology 36 0.99 97.19
Reproduction Biology 35 0.96 98.16
Development Biology 24 0.66 98.82
Physiology 24 0.66 99.48
Anatomy And Morphology 11 0.30 99.78
Pathology 8 0.22 100.00
Total 3634 100.00

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Authorship pattern of biology literature of central universities

Table 5 shows the overall analysis of the pattern of authorship. The authors are classified
according to their contribution that they have made. The total contribution made by biology
faculties of selected central universities amounts to 3634 records over the period of study. It
could be noted that two authored papers rank first in order sharing 23.80%. The next place is
recorded by three authored papers sharing 23.45% of the total research contributions. Four
authored contributions take that third position in order occupying 17.17% of the total research
output during the study period followed by five authored (11.53%), six authored (7.79%), seven
authored (4.98%) and eight authored (3.22%). The least percentage is recorded by more than
nine authored publications.

Table 5: Distribution of Authorship Pattern
Authorship No. of Cumulative
Percentage
Pattern Publication Percentage
1 110 3.03 3.0
2 865 23.80 26.8
3 852 23.45 50.3
4 624 17.17 67.4
5 419 11.53 79.0
6 283 7.79 86.8
7 181 4.98 91.7
8 117 3.22 95.0
9 65 1.79 96.8
>10 118 3.25 100.0
Total 3634 100.00

Collaborative Co-efficient

Based on the data presented in Table 5, the Collaborative Coefficient (CC) using equation [1] was
calculated to measure the collaboration pattern among biology faculties of selected central
universities of India. The analyses revealed that the computed value of collaborative coefficient
(CC) for collaboration pattern is very high (0.93). This indicates that biology research among
Faculties of selected central universities in India is fairly collaborative. The reason could be that
ICT has reduced geographical barriers opening up possibilities for collaboration.

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Table 6: Calculation of Collaborative Co-efficient
J fj 1/j (1/j)*fj (1/j)*fj)/N
1 110 1.00 110.00 0.18
2 865 0.50 432.50 0.71
3 852 0.33 284.00 0.47
4 624 0.25 156.00 0.26
5 419 0.20 83.80 0.14
6 283 0.17 47.17 0.08
7 181 0.14 25.86 0.04
8 117 0.13 14.63 0.02
9 65 0.11 7.22 0.01
10 118 0.10 11.80 0.02
Total 3634 2.93 1172.97 1.93
Collaborative Co-efficient = 0.93 (i.e. 1.93 – 1)

Ranking of individual journals according to publication of articles

There have been 70 contributions published by a single journal ‘Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communications’. It is ranked first position in order. The second position is recorded
by ‘World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology’, which amounts to 46 publications of
faculties of selected central universities. The other considerably ranked journals are: Journal of
Bioscience; Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics; Bioresource Technology; Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry; Faseb Journal; Current Microbiology; Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology International; and Cytobios. A detailed list of journals has been provided in Table 7.

Table 7: Distribution of ranking of journals
S. No. Name of The Journal No. of Articles Percentage
1 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 70 4.80
2 World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 46 3.16
3 Journal of Biosciences 44 3.02
4 Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 40 2.75
5 Bioresource Technology 30 2.06
6 Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 27 1.85
7 Faseb Journal 24 1.65
8 Current Microbiology 24 1.65
9 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 20 1.37
10 Cytobios 20 1.37
11 Plant Science 20 1.37
12 Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 19 1.30
13 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 18 1.24
14 Fems Microbiology Letters 17 1.17
15 Acta Biologica Hungarica 16 1.10
16 Journal of Biological Chemistry 16 1.10
17 Archives of Biochemistry And Biophysics 16 1.10

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18 Analytical Biochemistry 15 1.03
19 Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 15 1.03
20 Biogenic Amines 14 0.96
21 Molecular Biology Reports 14 0.96
22 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 13 0.89
23 Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects 13 0.89
24 Febs Letters 13 0.89
25 European Journal of Biochemistry 12 0.82
26 Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 12 0.82
27 Phytochemistry 12 0.82
28 Protein and Peptide Letters 12 0.82
29 Biochemistry-Moscow 12 0.82
30 Biochemistry 11 0.75
31 Folia Microbiologica 11 0.75
32 Journal of Genetics 10 0.69
33 Process Biochemistry 10 0.69
34 Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 0.69
35 Molecular Biology of The Cell 10 0.69
36 Microbiological Research 10 0.69
37 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 9 0.62
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-
38
Pharmacology Toxicology & Endocrinology 9 0.62
39 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 9 0.62
Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and
40
Environmental Mutagenesis 9 0.62
41 Biochemical Journal 8 0.55
42 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 8 0.55
43 Gene 8 0.55
44 Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology 8 0.55
45 Canadian Journal of Microbiology 8 0.55
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-
46
Toxicology & Pharmacology 8 0.55
47 Journal of Protein Chemistry 8 0.55
48 Biotechnology Letters 8 0.55
49 Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 8 0.55
50 Nucleic Acids Research 8 0.55
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-
51
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 7 0.48
52 Cell Biology International 7 0.48
53 Biometals 7 0.48
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular
54
& Integrative Physiology 7 0.48
55 Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-A Journal of 7 0.48

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Biosciences
56 Journal of Neurochemistry 7 0.48
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Protein Structure and
57
Molecular Enzymology 7 0.48
58 Journal of Human Genetics 7 0.48
59 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 6 0.41
60 Electro- and Magnetobiology 6 0.41
61 Virus Genes 6 0.41
62 Journal of Basic Microbiology 6 0.41
63 Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Biomembranes 6 0.41
64 Experimental and Molecular Medicine 6 0.41
65 Human Genetics 6 0.41
66 Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Cell Research 6 0.41
Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular
67
Mechanisms f Mutagenesis 6 0.41
68 Yeast 6 0.41
69 Journal of Applied Microbiology 6 0.41
70 Dna and Cell Biology 6 0.41
71 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 6 0.41
72 Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6 0.41
73 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 6 0.41
74 Protein Expression and Purification 5 0.34
75 International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 5 0.34
76 Enzyme and Microbial Technology 5 0.34
77 Biopolymers 5 0.34
78 Hydrobiologia 5 0.34
79 Journal of Medical Microbiology 5 0.34
80 Chemico-Biological Interactions 5 0.34
81 Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 5 0.34
82 Biophysical Journal 5 0.34
83 Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 5 0.34
84 Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Proteins and Proteomics 5 0.34
85 Molecular Immunology 5 0.34
86 Journal of Clinical Microbiology 5 0.34
87 18 Journals With 4 Articles Each 72 4.94

Country wise distribution of research publications of biology faculties

The country wise distribution of article over different journals is shown in Table 8. It could be
observed that faculty members of biology from selected central Universities of India have made

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3634 publications. These journals were published from 38 different countries. Here, an attempt
was made to ascertain the attractiveness of journal contributions on the part of the faculty
members of universities with reference to the country of origin. It is obvious that faculty
members have opted for international journals especially USA in the first order of priority. It
covers 34.67% of publications over the period of the study. It reflects that faculty members have
opted for international sources due to international recognition, name and fame, international
standard and for international collaboration. Next to USA, England ranks second in order
publishing 23.78% of research trends followed by Netherlands (16.62%), India (6.52%),
Germany (3.69%), and Ireland (2.53%). The rest of the countries have made less than 2 percent
of the publications.
Table 8: Country-wise distribution of articles over journals
No. of Cumulative
S. No. Country Percentage
Publication Percentage
1 USA 1260 34.67 34.67
2 England 864 23.78 58.45
3 Netherlands 604 16.62 75.07
4 India 237 6.52 81.59
5 Germany 134 3.69 85.28
6 Ireland 92 2.53 87.81
7 Japan 57 1.57 89.38
8 Switzerland 53 1.46 90.83
9 U Arab Emirates 44 1.21 92.04
10 France 37 1.02 93.06
11 Poland 32 0.88 93.94
12 Canada 29 0.80 94.74
13 Nigeria 24 0.66 95.40
14 South Korea 19 0.52 95.92
15 Austria 16 0.44 96.37
16 Singapore 13 0.36 96.72
17 Scotland 11 0.30 97.03
18 Italy 10 0.28 97.30
19 Hungary 9 0.25 97.55
20 Brazil 8 0.22 97.77
21 Czech Republic 8 0.22 97.99
22 Turkey 8 0.22 98.21
23 Denmark 6 0.17 98.37
24 Taiwan 6 0.17 98.54
25 Australia 5 0.14 98.68
26 Chile 5 0.14 98.81
27 Kenya 5 0.14 98.95
28 New Zealand 5 0.14 99.09
29 Croatia 4 0.11 99.20

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No. of Cumulative
S. No. Country Percentage
Publication Percentage
30 Greece 4 0.11 99.31
31 Iran 4 0.11 99.42
32 Israel 4 0.11 99.53
33 Slovakia 4 0.11 99.64
34 Spain 4 0.11 99.75
35 Pakistan 3 0.08 99.83
36 Romania 3 0.08 99.91
37 Belgium 2 0.06 99.97
38 Sweden 1 0.03 100.00
Distributions of Most Prolific Authors
An attempt was made to analyse the research performance of individual faculties of biology in
selected central universities of India. The analysis reveals that the contribution of individual
faculties varies from person to person. However, the highest contribution is of 80 papers whereas
the lowest contribution is 1 paper. The findings of distribution of individual authors in terms of
their productivity reveal the fact that Khan, R.H, Aligarh Muslim University is in the top position
with 80 different publications. The second rank is recorded by Tyagi, A.K, University of Delhi,
who has contributed 67 publications to biology literature. The 65 publications of Kumar, A from
Aligarh Muslim University stand at the third place in order. A total of 38 prolific authors, who
have made more than 10 contributions, have been listed in the Table 9.
Table 9: Distribution of most prolific authors
No of
S. No. No. of Author % Name of The University
Publication
1 Khan, R,h 80 5.52 Aligarh Muslim University
2 Tyagi, A,k 67 4.62 University of Delhi
3 Kumar, A 65 4.48 Aligarh Muslim University
4 Parmar, V,S 61 4.21 University of Delhi
5 Singh, S 59 4.07 Aligarh Muslim University
6 Chandra, R 52 3.59 University of Delhi
7 Gupta, R 52 3.59 Aligarh Muslim University
8 Sasikala, C 45 3.10 University of Hyderabad
9 Ramana, C,V 42 2.90 University of Hyderabad
10 Sundar, S 42 2.90 Aligarh Muslim University
11 Satyanarayana, T 41 2.83 University of Delhi
12 Kumar, R 39 2.69 Aligarh Muslim University
13 Kumar, S 38 2.62 Aligarh Muslim University
14 Lal, R 37 2.55 University of Delhi
15 Reddanna, P 37 2.55 University of Hyderabad
16 Kumar, P 35 2.41 Banaras Hindu University
17 Jagannadham, M,V 34 2.34 Banaras Hindu University

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18 Singh, A 34 2.34 Aligarh Muslim University
19 Swamy, M,J 34 2.34 Aligarh Muslim
20 Kumar, V 33 2.28 Aligarh Muslim University
21 Prasad, A,k 33 2.28 University of Delhi
22 Raj, H,G 33 2.28 University of Delhi
23 Saxena, R,k 33 2.28 Aligarh Muslim University
24 Kumar, S 33 2.28 Aligarh Muslim University
25 Khurana, J,P 32 2.21 Aligarh Muslim University
26 Gupta, V 30 2.07 Aligarh Muslim University
27 Hasnain, S,E 30 2.07 Aligarh Muslim University
28 Kuhad, R,C 29 2.00 University of Delhi
29 Saleemuddin, M 29 2.00 Aligarh Muslim University
30 Senthilkumaran, B 29 2.00 Banaras Hindu University
31 Tripathi, A,k 29 2.00 Aligarh Muslim University
32 Bhattacharya, S 28 1.93 Aligarh Muslim University
33 Husain, Q 27 1.86 Aligarh Muslim University
34 Singh, Y 27 1.86 Aligarh Muslim University
35 Sharma, S 26 1.79 Aligarh Muslim University
36 Gupta, K,C 25 1.72 Banaras Hindu University
37 Kayastha, A,M 25 1.72 Banaras Hindu University
38 Singh, S,P 25 1.72 Banaras Hindu University

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The analysis of literature in biology contributed by faculties in central universities of India brings
to light some interesting facts about the literature as well as authors.

• The pattern of year wise output is much skewed. It registers decrease in one year and
goes on increasing in the next year.
• Research output of AMU faculties is on the top followed by that of DU, BHU and HU.
Khan, R.H is the most prolific author contributing 80 publications for AMU shows its
share in the literature contributed by its faculty.
• Collaboration in research is evident by the fact that 23.80%, 23.45% and 17.17% of
articles have been written by two, three and four authors respectively. The nature of
collaboration is fairly collaborative.
• Faculties preferred to publish their papers in international journals of foreign origin.
Their preference is more for journals from USA, which also happens to be one of the
countries publishing maximum journals.
• Majority of the journal related to biology is published from USA (34.67%), England
(23.78%) and Netherlands (16.62%). Whereas the majority of the articles is
coincidentally published from USA.

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• The articles appearing in journals rank first in order as compared to the other preferred
sources such as reviews, meeting abstracts and proceedings.

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