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International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
30
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING READY MIXED
CONCRETE UTILITY USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Ashish H. Makwana 1
, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda 2
1
Student of final year M.E. C. E. & M., B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar
2
Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department,
B.V.M. Engineering College,Vallabh Vidyanagar– Gujarat – India.
ABSTRACT
This research work has been aimed to rank the Ready Mixed Concrete on the basis of
selected multiple criterions. The need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like
quality control, cost, delivery, quantity at which Owners or Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant
Managers have to concentrate for enhancing profit as well as maintaining standard by Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique which will help the decision maker to understand the problem
systematically. This research activity was entirely assessed through questionnaire survey. Various
literatures have been reviewed for assessment and evaluation of Criterias that are related to Ready
Mixed Concrete. The respondents were selected from various construction occupancy mainly Ready
Mixed Concrete Plant Managers, Consultant and contractors. Total 100 Survey Questionnaires were
distributed to Respondents in Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, from which 60 Responses
were collected as per sample size calculation,in that 21 were from Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC)
Plant Managers, 26 were from consultants and 13 were from contractors. According to Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique first 10 crucial Criterias in descending order are Large
Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area, Manager, Location,
Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents.
KEYWORDS: Ready Mixed Concrete, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Decision maker, Questionnaire
Survey, Respondents, Crucial Factors
INTRODUCTION
Ready-Mixed Concrete (IS: 4926-2003) as “Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a central
batching and mixing plant or in a truck mixer and supplied in the fresh condition to the purchaser
either at the site or into the purchaser’s vehicles.” Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is a specialized
material in which cement, aggregate, and other ingredients are weigh batched at a plant in a central
IJMRD
© PRJ
PUBLICATION
International Journal of Management Research and
Development (IJMRD)
ISSN 2248 – 938X (Print), ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online),
Volume 4, Number 1, January - March (2014), pp.30-39
© PRJ Publication,
http://www.prjpublication.com/IJMRD.asp
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
31
or truck mixer before delivery to the construction site in a condition ready for placing by the
customer. Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is manufactured at a place away from the construction site,
the two locations being linked by a transport operation.
The short 'life' of fresh concrete, with only 2-3 hours before it must be placed, results in
Ready Mixed Concrete being a very much local delivery service, with rarely more than 30-60
minutes journey to the construction site. The need for supply of Ready Mixed Concrete to fit in with
the customer's construction program means that Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) has to be both a
product and a delivery service.
NEED OF THE STUDY
Present approach lacks scientific methodology and does not consider multi-criteria in
decision making. There is a need of scientific methodology for Ready Mixed Concrete selection
approach.
Hence, the need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like quality
control, cost, delivery, quantity at which owners or plant managers have to concentrate for enhancing
profit as well as maintaining standard by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique which will
help the decision maker to understand the problem systematically.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To Study of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique.
2. To derive the relation between various Criterias for enhancing utility of Ready Mixed Concrete.
3. To achieve optimization by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work of development of Ready Mixed Concrete selection process
is limited to four cities of Central Gujarat Region of India: Ahmedabad, Nadiad, Anand, and
Vadodara.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The relevant data for this investigation were collected by a structured, close-ended
questionnaire survey. From the study of past research work and with the help of expert opinion,
Criterias were identified which affects Ready Mixed Concrete selection process for construction
companies of Central Gujarat Region of India.
SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION
According to the targeted City and Stakeholders, the total no. of available population is 467
which comprises of 50 Ready Mixed Concrete Plant (Assume), 362 Consultants [Ref: Association of
consulting Civil Engineers - India Ahmadabad Center Gujarat] and 55 Contractors [Ref: Gujarat
Contractors Association].
To obtain statistically representative sample size of the population following equation is used:
݊ ൌ
௠
ଵାሾ
೘షభ
ಿ
ሿ
(1)
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
32
Where n, m and N represents the sample size of limited, unlimited and available population
respectively. Here, m is calculated by following equation.
݉ ൌ
௭మ‫כ‬௣‫כ‬ሺଵି௣ሻ
௘మ
…(2)
Where z= the statistic value for the confidence level used, i.e. 1.96 and 1.645 for 95% and
90% confidence level respectively; p= the value of population that estimated and e= the sampling
error to estimated. Because the value of p is unknown. Sinich et al. (2002) suggest the value 0.5 to be
used in sample size.
݉ ൌ
ଵ.଺ସହమ‫כ‬଴.ହ‫כ‬ሺଵି଴.ହሻ
଴.ଵమ
m = 67.65 … (3)
Here confidence level is taken as 90%.Now,
݊ ൌ
଺଻.଺ହ
ଵାሾ
లళ.లఱషభ
రలళ
ሿ
n = 60 ….. (4)
Figure 1: Targeted City v/s Total Respondent
3
2
7
9
7
9
6
4
5
4
2 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ahmedabad Nadiad Anand Vadodara
TotalRespondent
Targeted City
City Wise Distribution of Responses
RMC Plant Managers Contractors Consultants
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
33
Table 1: City Wise Distribution of Responses
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Analytic Hierarchy Process has been a tool at the hands of decision makers and researchers;
and it is the most widely used multiple criteria decision making tools. The AHP method is developed
by Thomas L. Saaty in 1980. AHP is very popular and widely applicable in various fields due to its
simplicity, ease of use and flexibility. AHP is a reliable tool to facilitate systematic and logical
decision making processes and determine the significance of a set of Criterias and Sub-Criterias.
AHP method is very suitable for complex social issue in which intangible and tangible factors cannot
be separated. AHP helps in reducing bias in decision-making and it can minimize common pitfalls of
team decision-making process, such as lack of focus, planning, participation or ownership, which
ultimately are costly distractions that can prevent teams from making the right choice.Broad areas in
which the AHP has been applied include alternative selection, resource allocation, forecasting,
business process re-engineering, quality function deployment, balanced scorecard, benchmarking,
public policy decisions, healthcare, and many more.
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Step-1: Model the problem as a hierarchy containing the decision goal, the alternatives for reaching
it, and the criteria for evaluating the alternatives.
Step-2: Establish priorities among the elements of the hierarchy by making a series of judgments
based on pair wise comparisons of the elements.
Step-3: Synthesize these judgments to yield a set of overall priorities for the hierarchy.
Step-4: Check the consistency of the judgments.
Step-5: Come to a final decision based on the results of this process.
City/
Stakeholder
RMCPlant
Manager
Consultant
Contractor
Anand 3 7 5
Nadiad 2 9 4
Vadodara 7 6 2
Ahmedabad 9 4 2
Total 21 26 13
International Journal of Management
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January
CRITERIAS FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION
Figure 2: Framework for Ready Mixed Concrete selection Criteria
QC
CS
DL
QN
MP
SM
FC
CC
LB
MC
Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248
lume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
34
FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION
Framework for Ready Mixed Concrete selection Criterias
QM
S & C
DC
IC
LC
STM
DLT
TC
LQ
SQ
SP
UP
TS
MN
LS
ES
AC
PT
TO
BH
APB
SA/
UA
SP
RS
DI
EN
RP
GN
TF
TP
PN
OS
TOD
DOW
MT
CF
QC - Quality Control
QM - Quality of Material
S & C - Standard & Certification
CS - Cost
DC - Direct cost
IC - Indirect cost
DL - Delivery
LC - Location
STM - Size of Transit Mixture
DLT - Delivery Lead Time
TC - Time Consuming
QC - Quantity
LQ - Large quantity
SQ - Small (Less) quantity
MP - Manpower
SP - Skill person
UP - Unskilled person
TS - Technical staff
MN - Manager
SM - Safety Measures
LS - Labor Safety
ES - Equipment Safety
AC - Accidents
FC - Financial Capability
PT - Profit Trends
TO - Turnover
BH - Banking History
APB - Amount of Past Business
CC - Commercial Capability
SA / UA - Sales / Utilization area
SP - Sales Policy
RS - Responsiveness
DI - Discipline
EN - Environment
RP - Reputation & Position
LB - Laboratory
GN - General
TF - Test Facility
TP - Testing Procedures
PN - Personnel
MC - Managerial Capability
OS - Organization Structure
TOD - Type of Decision Maker
DOW - Direction of Work
MT - Maintenance
CF - Customers Feedback
Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION
s
Standard & Certification
Size of Transit Mixture
Delivery Lead Time
Small (Less) quantity
Amount of Past Business
ilization area
Reputation & Position
Organization Structure
Type of Decision Maker
Direction of Work
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
35
RESULTS ANALYSIS
Table 2: Consistency Ratio Values
SPEARMAN’S RANK CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
In order to test the relative agreement between the responses from different groups, the ranks
of the calculated AHP weights corresponding to the factors affecting on Ready Mixed Concrete were
analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation method.
ConsistencyofMatrixR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18R19R20
Matrix1:Criterias0.0970.0990.0970.0960.0940.0860.0980.1000.0960.0980.0890.0950.0810.0950.0950.0980.0950.0980.0960.091
Matrix2:QualityControl
Matrix3:Cost
Matrix4:Delivery0.0820.0620.0620.0620.0870.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.062
Matrix5:Quantity
Matrix6:Manpower0.0450.0720.0870.0580.0620.0620.0570.0740.0620.0620.0610.0820.0820.0620.0820.0820.0230.0820.0620.045
Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.053
Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0920.0000.0130.0460.0700.0770.0950.0820.0000.0230.0890.0450.0720.0620.0620.0620.0620.0480.0620.088
Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0180.0240.0760.0390.0390.0630.0980.0360.0920.0210.0050.0670.0950.0730.0810.0700.0520.0740.0800.044
Matrix10:Laboratory0.0810.0990.0050.0860.0720.0910.0910.0330.0000.0620.0620.0230.0620.0620.0720.0890.0890.0620.0230.072
Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0900.0910.0910.0980.0910.0840.0890.0560.0660.0850.0670.0570.0900.0650.0850.0350.0480.0660.0900.098
ConsistencyofMatrixR21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28R29R30R31R32R33R34R35R36R37R38R39R40
Matrix1:Criterias0.0980.0780.0970.0990.0930.0960.0940.0970.0980.0920.0990.0890.0940.0940.0960.0890.0980.0950.0940.083
Matrix2:QualityControl
Matrix3:Cost
Matrix4:Delivery0.9850.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0480.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.062
Matrix5:Quantity
Matrix6:Manpower0.0230.0230.0620.0620.0320.0620.0620.0470.0230.0720.0620.0450.0620.0920.0620.0470.0470.0620.0890.062
Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0580.0530.0530.0530.0530.053
Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0620.0720.0890.0450.0620.0960.0870.0490.0230.0230.0700.0620.0900.0500.0820.0470.0700.0930.0890.062
Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0240.0420.0280.0380.0200.0280.0360.0700.0050.0540.1090.0300.0880.0280.0950.0940.0690.0820.0300.033
Matrix10:Laboratory0.0470.0620.0470.0620.0620.0620.0820.0620.0620.0720.0570.0690.0360.0580.0620.0960.0820.0510.0870.099
Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0520.0870.0540.0740.0810.0820.0840.0370.0590.0660.0990.0890.0910.0950.0890.0650.0980.0920.0930.089
ConsistencyofMatrixR41R42R43R44R45R46R47R48R49R50R51R52R53R54R55R56R57R58R59R60
Matrix1:Criterias0.0970.0970.0990.0930.0970.0880.0890.0960.0880.0890.0920.0810.0850.0940.0990.0960.0970.0940.0880.089
Matrix2:QualityControl
Matrix3:Cost
Matrix4:Delivery0.0620.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0620.0620.0480.0620.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0470.062
Matrix5:Quantity
Matrix6:Manpower0.0620.0620.0620.0620.0870.0720.0790.0870.0710.0230.0620.0230.0890.0720.0230.0620.0620.0230.0820.023
Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0570.0530.0530.0200.0370.0200.0530.0530.0210.0530.0530.0210.0530.0530.0210.053
Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0790.0820.0620.0720.0790.0830.0480.0790.0820.0620.0790.0620.0450.0450.0720.0720.0480.0390.0620.048
Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0840.0920.0530.0790.0580.0890.0820.0970.0920.0930.0850.0700.0560.0630.0880.0380.0630.0720.0880.098
Matrix10:Laboratory0.0620.0820.0960.0720.0620.0990.0620.0620.0720.0620.0960.0700.0230.0480.0720.0720.0820.0620.0720.023
Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0370.0540.0970.0840.0970.0950.0720.0670.0860.0950.0890.0780.0750.0450.0350.0670.0650.0750.0590.066
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
36
The rank correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation that exists between the two sets of
ranks. It is a measure of association that is based on the ranks of the observations and not on the
numerical value of the data. The value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient will vary between -
1 to 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation and indicates perfect negative correlation between two
variables. It was worked out by following equation:
ܴ‫ݏ‬ ൌ 1 െ
଺∑ௗమ
௡యି௡
…………. (5)
Here, d = difference between ranks, and n = number of parameters being ranked.
Table 3: Composite priority weights for Main Criterias – Sub Criterias of RMC
SN Criterias Local Weight Sub Criterias Local Weight Global Weight Rank
1. Quality Control 0.106594
Quality of Material 0.729563 0.077767 3
Standard & Certification 0.270437 0.028827 9
2. Cost 0.114860
Direct Cost 0.242870 0.027896 11
Indirect Cost 0.757130 0.086964 1
3. Delivery 0.123720
Location 0.250787 0.031027 7
Size of Transit Mixer 0.218065 0.026979 13
Delivery Lead Time 0.322132 0.039854 4
Time Consuming 0.209016 0.025859 14
4. Quantity 0.094040
Large Quantity 0.856819 0.080575 2
Small Quantity 0.143181 0.013465 36
5. Manpower 0.104995
Skill Person 0.203484 0.021365 20
Unskilled Person 0.263961 0.027715 12
Technical Staff 0.234016 0.024570 16
Manager 0.298538 0.031345 6
6. Safety Measures 0.084066
Labour Safety 0.296069 0.024889 15
Equipment Safety 0.364333 0.030628 8
Accidents 0.339598 0.028549 10
7.
Financial
Capability
0.085428
Profit Trends 0.273146 0.023334 17
Turnover 0.235142 0.020088 22
Banking History 0.255785 0.021851 19
Amount of Past Business 0.235927 0.020155 21
8.
Commercial
Capability
0.115751
Sales/Utilization area 0.331321 0.038351 5
Sales Policy 0.132420 0.015328 34
Responsiveness 0.133883 0.015497 33
Discipline 0.130977 0.015161 35
Environment 0.135433 0.015676 32
Reputation & Position 0.135966 0.015738 31
9. Laboratory 0.077953
General 0.299155 0.023320 18
Test Facility 0.245302 0.019122 25
Testing Procedures 0.227838 0.017761 27
Personnel 0.227705 0.017750 29
10
Managerial
Capability
0.092593
Organizational Structure 0.191797 0.017759 28
Types of Decision maker 0.202453 0.018746 26
Direction of Work 0.185494 0.017176 30
Maintenance 0.208348 0.019292 24
Customer Feedback 0.211908 0.019621 23
Table 4: Summarizes of priority weights and ranking of each respondents
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
37
Anand Nadiad Vadodara Ahmedabad
Respondent
TotalScores
Rank
Respondent
TotalScores
Rank
Respondent
TotalScores
Rank
Respondent
TotalScores
Rank
R1 0.03484 58 R16 0.04034 9 R31 0.03510 56 R46 0.03903 29
R2 0.03861 36 R17 0.03887 33 R32 0.03805 45 R47 0.03803 46
R3 0.04151 3 R18 0.03946 22 R33 0.04130 4 R48 0.03910 27
R4 0.04162 2 R19 0.03943 23 R34 0.04317 1 R49 0.03890 32
R5 0.03389 40 R20 0.03860 37 R35 0.03437 59 R50 0.03977 18
R6 0.03578 54 R21 0.04077 5 R36 0.03599 53 R51 0.03894 31
R7 0.03949 21 R22 0.03842 39 R37 0.04052 7 R52 0.03782 48
R8 0.04062 6 R23 0.03939 24 R38 0.03501 57 R53 0.03999 13
R9 0.03868 35 R24 0.03844 38 R39 0.04028 11 R54 0.03751 49
R10 0.03919 25 R25 0.03907 28 R40 0.03994 14 R55 0.03839 41
R11 0.03672 52 R26 0.03985 17 R41 0.03717 50 R56 0.04016 12
R12 0.03802 47 R27 0.03812 44 R42 0.04047 8 R57 0.03915 26
R13 0.03702 51 R28 0.03957 20 R43 0.03993 15 R58 0.03958 19
R14 0.03899 30 R29 0.03818 43 R44 0.04030 10 R59 0.03386 60
R15 0.03889 34 R30 0.03987 16 R45 0.03819 42 R60 0.03548 55
Table 5: Comparison of Rank Correlation Coefficient
SN Comparison Rank Correlation Coefficient
1. Ahmedabad - Nadiad 0.715
2. Ahmedabad - Anand 0.857
3. Ahmedabad - Vadodara 0.785
4. Nadiad - Anand 0.835
5. Nadiad - Vadodara 0.945
6. Anand - Vadodara 0.855
CONCLUSIONS
The main contribution of the work was the identification of the important Criterias for the Ready
Mixed Concrete (RMC).
According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), development of the Criterias Framework in
Indian context was prepared for Ready Mixed Concrete selection. Total 36 nos. of sub-criteria’s
were identified which affect the Ready Mixed Concrete which are divided into the 10 major
groups: Quality Control, Cost, Delivery, Quantity, Manpower, Safety Measures, Financial
Capability, Commercial Capability, Laboratory, Managerial Capability.
With the help of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, relative importance of each
criteria in the form of the numeric value was generated through the responses of three types of
stakeholders: Ready Mixed Concrete Plant Managers, Consultants, and Contractors. Targeted cities
were Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara, and Ahmedabad. According to population, Sample size was
calculated as 60 responses.
Consistency of the data were checked by spearmen correlation co-efficient. The Values of these co-
efficient is near to 1 between city to city groups. Hence it was found that judgments of various
stakeholders are not too much varied from each other. Inconsistent responses of some of the
respondents were improved by ‘Consistency Improvement Technique’ given by Lamata.
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
38
Top Ten Criterias which affects the Ready Mixed Concrete selection are Indirect Cost, Large
Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area, Manager, Location,
Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents.
Hence, we can say that Utilization of Ready Mixed Concrete is very helpful if we mainly govern
Indirect Cost, Large Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area,
Manager, Location, Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents.
For Ready Mixed Concrete selection, 60respondents were evaluated through AHP based approach.
By Analytic Hierarchy Process, first rank was applied to respondent no. 34 and last rank was
applied to respondent no. 59.
By using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) complete ranking with scores can be applied on
selected Criterias.
The proposed methodology can also be applied to any other selection problem involving multiple
and conflicting Criterias.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Dr. C. L. Patel, Chairman, Charutar Vidya Mandal,
and Er. V. M. Patel, Hon. Jt. Secretary, Charutar Vidya Mandal, Dr. F. S. Umrigar, Principal, B.V.M.
Engineering College, Prof. J. J. Bhavsar, Associate professor and coordinator PG (Construction
Engineering & Management), Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M Engineering College, Er.
Yatinbhai Desai, Jay Maharaj Construction, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India for their motivations
and infrastructural support to carry out this research.
REFERENCES
1. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete
Selection for Construction Companies through Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International
Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume-4, Issue-7,
July 2013, Pg. 2878 - 2884.
2. Ashish H. Makwana and Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, 2013, “Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for
Infrastructure Development through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the New Millennium”,
International Journal of Management (IJM), Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by
GISI), Volume: 4, Issue: 5, Pages: 109-126.
3. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete
Selection For Construction Companies through Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Technique”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Impact Factor: 1.00, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-5,
October 2013, Pg. 92 – 96.
4. Bhavik K. Daxini, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Bhatt, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Supplier
Selection for Construction Companies through Analytical Hierarchy Process”, IJSR–
International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume: 2 | Issue: 5 | May 2013 • ISSN No. 2277 –
8179.
5. IS 4926 - 2003, Indian Standard, Ready mixed concrete – Code of Practice (Second Revision),
BIS, New Delhi.
6. M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S.Chand- New Delhi.
7. Saaty, T.L., 1980, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource
Allocation”, 1st
edition, Mcgraw-Hill, New York, ISBN: 0070543712, Alibris ID: 9503413947.
International Journal of Management
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January
8. Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”,
European J. Operational Res., 169: 1
9. Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy
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10. Z. Lamata et al. (2002), “A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International
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AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY
Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District,
Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering
from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat
Technological University
Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla
Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has
published papers in National Conferences and International Journals.
Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received
his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the
Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he
received his Master
from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya E
is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience
of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding
M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in
Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National
Conferences and International Journals.
Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248
lume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
39
Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”,
Res., 169: 1-29.
Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy
Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate
School of The University of Kansas.
A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International
Journal of Uncertainty volume 10 (6).
Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District,
Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering
from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat
Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of
Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla
Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has
published papers in National Conferences and International Journals.
Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received
his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the
Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he
received his Master’s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management
from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he
is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience
of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding
M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in
Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National
onferences and International Journals.
Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”,
Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy
Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate
A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International
Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District,
Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering
from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat
in 2012. At present he is Final year student of
Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla
Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has
published papers in National Conferences and International Journals.
Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received
his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla
Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he
s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management
from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined
ngineering College as a faculty where he
is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience
of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding
M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of
Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National

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An integrated approach for enhancing ready mixed concrete utility using analytic hierarchy process (ahp)

  • 1. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 30 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING READY MIXED CONCRETE UTILITY USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) Ashish H. Makwana 1 , Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda 2 1 Student of final year M.E. C. E. & M., B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar 2 Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College,Vallabh Vidyanagar– Gujarat – India. ABSTRACT This research work has been aimed to rank the Ready Mixed Concrete on the basis of selected multiple criterions. The need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like quality control, cost, delivery, quantity at which Owners or Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers have to concentrate for enhancing profit as well as maintaining standard by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique which will help the decision maker to understand the problem systematically. This research activity was entirely assessed through questionnaire survey. Various literatures have been reviewed for assessment and evaluation of Criterias that are related to Ready Mixed Concrete. The respondents were selected from various construction occupancy mainly Ready Mixed Concrete Plant Managers, Consultant and contractors. Total 100 Survey Questionnaires were distributed to Respondents in Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, from which 60 Responses were collected as per sample size calculation,in that 21 were from Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, 26 were from consultants and 13 were from contractors. According to Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique first 10 crucial Criterias in descending order are Large Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area, Manager, Location, Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents. KEYWORDS: Ready Mixed Concrete, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Decision maker, Questionnaire Survey, Respondents, Crucial Factors INTRODUCTION Ready-Mixed Concrete (IS: 4926-2003) as “Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a central batching and mixing plant or in a truck mixer and supplied in the fresh condition to the purchaser either at the site or into the purchaser’s vehicles.” Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is a specialized material in which cement, aggregate, and other ingredients are weigh batched at a plant in a central IJMRD © PRJ PUBLICATION International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 – 938X (Print), ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 4, Number 1, January - March (2014), pp.30-39 © PRJ Publication, http://www.prjpublication.com/IJMRD.asp
  • 2. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 31 or truck mixer before delivery to the construction site in a condition ready for placing by the customer. Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is manufactured at a place away from the construction site, the two locations being linked by a transport operation. The short 'life' of fresh concrete, with only 2-3 hours before it must be placed, results in Ready Mixed Concrete being a very much local delivery service, with rarely more than 30-60 minutes journey to the construction site. The need for supply of Ready Mixed Concrete to fit in with the customer's construction program means that Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) has to be both a product and a delivery service. NEED OF THE STUDY Present approach lacks scientific methodology and does not consider multi-criteria in decision making. There is a need of scientific methodology for Ready Mixed Concrete selection approach. Hence, the need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like quality control, cost, delivery, quantity at which owners or plant managers have to concentrate for enhancing profit as well as maintaining standard by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique which will help the decision maker to understand the problem systematically. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To Study of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique. 2. To derive the relation between various Criterias for enhancing utility of Ready Mixed Concrete. 3. To achieve optimization by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this research work of development of Ready Mixed Concrete selection process is limited to four cities of Central Gujarat Region of India: Ahmedabad, Nadiad, Anand, and Vadodara. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The relevant data for this investigation were collected by a structured, close-ended questionnaire survey. From the study of past research work and with the help of expert opinion, Criterias were identified which affects Ready Mixed Concrete selection process for construction companies of Central Gujarat Region of India. SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION According to the targeted City and Stakeholders, the total no. of available population is 467 which comprises of 50 Ready Mixed Concrete Plant (Assume), 362 Consultants [Ref: Association of consulting Civil Engineers - India Ahmadabad Center Gujarat] and 55 Contractors [Ref: Gujarat Contractors Association]. To obtain statistically representative sample size of the population following equation is used: ݊ ൌ ௠ ଵାሾ ೘షభ ಿ ሿ (1)
  • 3. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 32 Where n, m and N represents the sample size of limited, unlimited and available population respectively. Here, m is calculated by following equation. ݉ ൌ ௭మ‫כ‬௣‫כ‬ሺଵି௣ሻ ௘మ …(2) Where z= the statistic value for the confidence level used, i.e. 1.96 and 1.645 for 95% and 90% confidence level respectively; p= the value of population that estimated and e= the sampling error to estimated. Because the value of p is unknown. Sinich et al. (2002) suggest the value 0.5 to be used in sample size. ݉ ൌ ଵ.଺ସହమ‫כ‬଴.ହ‫כ‬ሺଵି଴.ହሻ ଴.ଵమ m = 67.65 … (3) Here confidence level is taken as 90%.Now, ݊ ൌ ଺଻.଺ହ ଵାሾ లళ.లఱషభ రలళ ሿ n = 60 ….. (4) Figure 1: Targeted City v/s Total Respondent 3 2 7 9 7 9 6 4 5 4 2 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ahmedabad Nadiad Anand Vadodara TotalRespondent Targeted City City Wise Distribution of Responses RMC Plant Managers Contractors Consultants
  • 4. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 33 Table 1: City Wise Distribution of Responses ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) Analytic Hierarchy Process has been a tool at the hands of decision makers and researchers; and it is the most widely used multiple criteria decision making tools. The AHP method is developed by Thomas L. Saaty in 1980. AHP is very popular and widely applicable in various fields due to its simplicity, ease of use and flexibility. AHP is a reliable tool to facilitate systematic and logical decision making processes and determine the significance of a set of Criterias and Sub-Criterias. AHP method is very suitable for complex social issue in which intangible and tangible factors cannot be separated. AHP helps in reducing bias in decision-making and it can minimize common pitfalls of team decision-making process, such as lack of focus, planning, participation or ownership, which ultimately are costly distractions that can prevent teams from making the right choice.Broad areas in which the AHP has been applied include alternative selection, resource allocation, forecasting, business process re-engineering, quality function deployment, balanced scorecard, benchmarking, public policy decisions, healthcare, and many more. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS Step-1: Model the problem as a hierarchy containing the decision goal, the alternatives for reaching it, and the criteria for evaluating the alternatives. Step-2: Establish priorities among the elements of the hierarchy by making a series of judgments based on pair wise comparisons of the elements. Step-3: Synthesize these judgments to yield a set of overall priorities for the hierarchy. Step-4: Check the consistency of the judgments. Step-5: Come to a final decision based on the results of this process. City/ Stakeholder RMCPlant Manager Consultant Contractor Anand 3 7 5 Nadiad 2 9 4 Vadodara 7 6 2 Ahmedabad 9 4 2 Total 21 26 13
  • 5. International Journal of Management ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January CRITERIAS FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION Figure 2: Framework for Ready Mixed Concrete selection Criteria QC CS DL QN MP SM FC CC LB MC Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 lume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 34 FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION Framework for Ready Mixed Concrete selection Criterias QM S & C DC IC LC STM DLT TC LQ SQ SP UP TS MN LS ES AC PT TO BH APB SA/ UA SP RS DI EN RP GN TF TP PN OS TOD DOW MT CF QC - Quality Control QM - Quality of Material S & C - Standard & Certification CS - Cost DC - Direct cost IC - Indirect cost DL - Delivery LC - Location STM - Size of Transit Mixture DLT - Delivery Lead Time TC - Time Consuming QC - Quantity LQ - Large quantity SQ - Small (Less) quantity MP - Manpower SP - Skill person UP - Unskilled person TS - Technical staff MN - Manager SM - Safety Measures LS - Labor Safety ES - Equipment Safety AC - Accidents FC - Financial Capability PT - Profit Trends TO - Turnover BH - Banking History APB - Amount of Past Business CC - Commercial Capability SA / UA - Sales / Utilization area SP - Sales Policy RS - Responsiveness DI - Discipline EN - Environment RP - Reputation & Position LB - Laboratory GN - General TF - Test Facility TP - Testing Procedures PN - Personnel MC - Managerial Capability OS - Organization Structure TOD - Type of Decision Maker DOW - Direction of Work MT - Maintenance CF - Customers Feedback Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), FRAMEWORK FOR READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION s Standard & Certification Size of Transit Mixture Delivery Lead Time Small (Less) quantity Amount of Past Business ilization area Reputation & Position Organization Structure Type of Decision Maker Direction of Work
  • 6. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 35 RESULTS ANALYSIS Table 2: Consistency Ratio Values SPEARMAN’S RANK CORRELATION COEFFICIENT In order to test the relative agreement between the responses from different groups, the ranks of the calculated AHP weights corresponding to the factors affecting on Ready Mixed Concrete were analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation method. ConsistencyofMatrixR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18R19R20 Matrix1:Criterias0.0970.0990.0970.0960.0940.0860.0980.1000.0960.0980.0890.0950.0810.0950.0950.0980.0950.0980.0960.091 Matrix2:QualityControl Matrix3:Cost Matrix4:Delivery0.0820.0620.0620.0620.0870.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.062 Matrix5:Quantity Matrix6:Manpower0.0450.0720.0870.0580.0620.0620.0570.0740.0620.0620.0610.0820.0820.0620.0820.0820.0230.0820.0620.045 Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.053 Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0920.0000.0130.0460.0700.0770.0950.0820.0000.0230.0890.0450.0720.0620.0620.0620.0620.0480.0620.088 Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0180.0240.0760.0390.0390.0630.0980.0360.0920.0210.0050.0670.0950.0730.0810.0700.0520.0740.0800.044 Matrix10:Laboratory0.0810.0990.0050.0860.0720.0910.0910.0330.0000.0620.0620.0230.0620.0620.0720.0890.0890.0620.0230.072 Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0900.0910.0910.0980.0910.0840.0890.0560.0660.0850.0670.0570.0900.0650.0850.0350.0480.0660.0900.098 ConsistencyofMatrixR21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28R29R30R31R32R33R34R35R36R37R38R39R40 Matrix1:Criterias0.0980.0780.0970.0990.0930.0960.0940.0970.0980.0920.0990.0890.0940.0940.0960.0890.0980.0950.0940.083 Matrix2:QualityControl Matrix3:Cost Matrix4:Delivery0.9850.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0480.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.0620.062 Matrix5:Quantity Matrix6:Manpower0.0230.0230.0620.0620.0320.0620.0620.0470.0230.0720.0620.0450.0620.0920.0620.0470.0470.0620.0890.062 Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0530.0200.0580.0530.0530.0530.0530.053 Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0620.0720.0890.0450.0620.0960.0870.0490.0230.0230.0700.0620.0900.0500.0820.0470.0700.0930.0890.062 Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0240.0420.0280.0380.0200.0280.0360.0700.0050.0540.1090.0300.0880.0280.0950.0940.0690.0820.0300.033 Matrix10:Laboratory0.0470.0620.0470.0620.0620.0620.0820.0620.0620.0720.0570.0690.0360.0580.0620.0960.0820.0510.0870.099 Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0520.0870.0540.0740.0810.0820.0840.0370.0590.0660.0990.0890.0910.0950.0890.0650.0980.0920.0930.089 ConsistencyofMatrixR41R42R43R44R45R46R47R48R49R50R51R52R53R54R55R56R57R58R59R60 Matrix1:Criterias0.0970.0970.0990.0930.0970.0880.0890.0960.0880.0890.0920.0810.0850.0940.0990.0960.0970.0940.0880.089 Matrix2:QualityControl Matrix3:Cost Matrix4:Delivery0.0620.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0620.0620.0480.0620.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0480.0470.062 Matrix5:Quantity Matrix6:Manpower0.0620.0620.0620.0620.0870.0720.0790.0870.0710.0230.0620.0230.0890.0720.0230.0620.0620.0230.0820.023 Matrix7:SafetyMeasures0.0530.0530.0530.0530.0570.0530.0530.0200.0370.0200.0530.0530.0210.0530.0530.0210.0530.0530.0210.053 Matrix8:FinancialCapability0.0790.0820.0620.0720.0790.0830.0480.0790.0820.0620.0790.0620.0450.0450.0720.0720.0480.0390.0620.048 Matrix9:CommercialCapability0.0840.0920.0530.0790.0580.0890.0820.0970.0920.0930.0850.0700.0560.0630.0880.0380.0630.0720.0880.098 Matrix10:Laboratory0.0620.0820.0960.0720.0620.0990.0620.0620.0720.0620.0960.0700.0230.0480.0720.0720.0820.0620.0720.023 Matrix11:ManagerialCapability0.0370.0540.0970.0840.0970.0950.0720.0670.0860.0950.0890.0780.0750.0450.0350.0670.0650.0750.0590.066
  • 7. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 36 The rank correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation that exists between the two sets of ranks. It is a measure of association that is based on the ranks of the observations and not on the numerical value of the data. The value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient will vary between - 1 to 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation and indicates perfect negative correlation between two variables. It was worked out by following equation: ܴ‫ݏ‬ ൌ 1 െ ଺∑ௗమ ௡యି௡ …………. (5) Here, d = difference between ranks, and n = number of parameters being ranked. Table 3: Composite priority weights for Main Criterias – Sub Criterias of RMC SN Criterias Local Weight Sub Criterias Local Weight Global Weight Rank 1. Quality Control 0.106594 Quality of Material 0.729563 0.077767 3 Standard & Certification 0.270437 0.028827 9 2. Cost 0.114860 Direct Cost 0.242870 0.027896 11 Indirect Cost 0.757130 0.086964 1 3. Delivery 0.123720 Location 0.250787 0.031027 7 Size of Transit Mixer 0.218065 0.026979 13 Delivery Lead Time 0.322132 0.039854 4 Time Consuming 0.209016 0.025859 14 4. Quantity 0.094040 Large Quantity 0.856819 0.080575 2 Small Quantity 0.143181 0.013465 36 5. Manpower 0.104995 Skill Person 0.203484 0.021365 20 Unskilled Person 0.263961 0.027715 12 Technical Staff 0.234016 0.024570 16 Manager 0.298538 0.031345 6 6. Safety Measures 0.084066 Labour Safety 0.296069 0.024889 15 Equipment Safety 0.364333 0.030628 8 Accidents 0.339598 0.028549 10 7. Financial Capability 0.085428 Profit Trends 0.273146 0.023334 17 Turnover 0.235142 0.020088 22 Banking History 0.255785 0.021851 19 Amount of Past Business 0.235927 0.020155 21 8. Commercial Capability 0.115751 Sales/Utilization area 0.331321 0.038351 5 Sales Policy 0.132420 0.015328 34 Responsiveness 0.133883 0.015497 33 Discipline 0.130977 0.015161 35 Environment 0.135433 0.015676 32 Reputation & Position 0.135966 0.015738 31 9. Laboratory 0.077953 General 0.299155 0.023320 18 Test Facility 0.245302 0.019122 25 Testing Procedures 0.227838 0.017761 27 Personnel 0.227705 0.017750 29 10 Managerial Capability 0.092593 Organizational Structure 0.191797 0.017759 28 Types of Decision maker 0.202453 0.018746 26 Direction of Work 0.185494 0.017176 30 Maintenance 0.208348 0.019292 24 Customer Feedback 0.211908 0.019621 23 Table 4: Summarizes of priority weights and ranking of each respondents
  • 8. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 37 Anand Nadiad Vadodara Ahmedabad Respondent TotalScores Rank Respondent TotalScores Rank Respondent TotalScores Rank Respondent TotalScores Rank R1 0.03484 58 R16 0.04034 9 R31 0.03510 56 R46 0.03903 29 R2 0.03861 36 R17 0.03887 33 R32 0.03805 45 R47 0.03803 46 R3 0.04151 3 R18 0.03946 22 R33 0.04130 4 R48 0.03910 27 R4 0.04162 2 R19 0.03943 23 R34 0.04317 1 R49 0.03890 32 R5 0.03389 40 R20 0.03860 37 R35 0.03437 59 R50 0.03977 18 R6 0.03578 54 R21 0.04077 5 R36 0.03599 53 R51 0.03894 31 R7 0.03949 21 R22 0.03842 39 R37 0.04052 7 R52 0.03782 48 R8 0.04062 6 R23 0.03939 24 R38 0.03501 57 R53 0.03999 13 R9 0.03868 35 R24 0.03844 38 R39 0.04028 11 R54 0.03751 49 R10 0.03919 25 R25 0.03907 28 R40 0.03994 14 R55 0.03839 41 R11 0.03672 52 R26 0.03985 17 R41 0.03717 50 R56 0.04016 12 R12 0.03802 47 R27 0.03812 44 R42 0.04047 8 R57 0.03915 26 R13 0.03702 51 R28 0.03957 20 R43 0.03993 15 R58 0.03958 19 R14 0.03899 30 R29 0.03818 43 R44 0.04030 10 R59 0.03386 60 R15 0.03889 34 R30 0.03987 16 R45 0.03819 42 R60 0.03548 55 Table 5: Comparison of Rank Correlation Coefficient SN Comparison Rank Correlation Coefficient 1. Ahmedabad - Nadiad 0.715 2. Ahmedabad - Anand 0.857 3. Ahmedabad - Vadodara 0.785 4. Nadiad - Anand 0.835 5. Nadiad - Vadodara 0.945 6. Anand - Vadodara 0.855 CONCLUSIONS The main contribution of the work was the identification of the important Criterias for the Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC). According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), development of the Criterias Framework in Indian context was prepared for Ready Mixed Concrete selection. Total 36 nos. of sub-criteria’s were identified which affect the Ready Mixed Concrete which are divided into the 10 major groups: Quality Control, Cost, Delivery, Quantity, Manpower, Safety Measures, Financial Capability, Commercial Capability, Laboratory, Managerial Capability. With the help of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, relative importance of each criteria in the form of the numeric value was generated through the responses of three types of stakeholders: Ready Mixed Concrete Plant Managers, Consultants, and Contractors. Targeted cities were Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara, and Ahmedabad. According to population, Sample size was calculated as 60 responses. Consistency of the data were checked by spearmen correlation co-efficient. The Values of these co- efficient is near to 1 between city to city groups. Hence it was found that judgments of various stakeholders are not too much varied from each other. Inconsistent responses of some of the respondents were improved by ‘Consistency Improvement Technique’ given by Lamata.
  • 9. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 38 Top Ten Criterias which affects the Ready Mixed Concrete selection are Indirect Cost, Large Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area, Manager, Location, Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents. Hence, we can say that Utilization of Ready Mixed Concrete is very helpful if we mainly govern Indirect Cost, Large Quantity, Quality of Material, Delivery Lead Time, Sales/Utilization Area, Manager, Location, Equipment Safety, Standard and Certification, Accidents. For Ready Mixed Concrete selection, 60respondents were evaluated through AHP based approach. By Analytic Hierarchy Process, first rank was applied to respondent no. 34 and last rank was applied to respondent no. 59. By using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) complete ranking with scores can be applied on selected Criterias. The proposed methodology can also be applied to any other selection problem involving multiple and conflicting Criterias. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Dr. C. L. Patel, Chairman, Charutar Vidya Mandal, and Er. V. M. Patel, Hon. Jt. Secretary, Charutar Vidya Mandal, Dr. F. S. Umrigar, Principal, B.V.M. Engineering College, Prof. J. J. Bhavsar, Associate professor and coordinator PG (Construction Engineering & Management), Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M Engineering College, Er. Yatinbhai Desai, Jay Maharaj Construction, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India for their motivations and infrastructural support to carry out this research. REFERENCES 1. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Construction Companies through Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume-4, Issue-7, July 2013, Pg. 2878 - 2884. 2. Ashish H. Makwana and Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, 2013, “Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Infrastructure Development through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the New Millennium”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI), Volume: 4, Issue: 5, Pages: 109-126. 3. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection For Construction Companies through Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Technique”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Impact Factor: 1.00, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-5, October 2013, Pg. 92 – 96. 4. Bhavik K. Daxini, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Bhatt, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Supplier Selection for Construction Companies through Analytical Hierarchy Process”, IJSR– International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume: 2 | Issue: 5 | May 2013 • ISSN No. 2277 – 8179. 5. IS 4926 - 2003, Indian Standard, Ready mixed concrete – Code of Practice (Second Revision), BIS, New Delhi. 6. M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S.Chand- New Delhi. 7. Saaty, T.L., 1980, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation”, 1st edition, Mcgraw-Hill, New York, ISBN: 0070543712, Alibris ID: 9503413947.
  • 10. International Journal of Management ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January 8. Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”, European J. Operational Res., 169: 1 9. Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate School of The University of Kansas. 10. Z. Lamata et al. (2002), “A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International Journal of Uncertainty volume 10 (6). AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat Technological University Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he received his Master from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya E is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 lume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 39 Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”, Res., 169: 1-29. Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate School of The University of Kansas. A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International Journal of Uncertainty volume 10 (6). Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he received his Master’s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National onferences and International Journals. Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), Vaidya, O. and S. Kumar, 2006, “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An overview of applications”, Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate A method for improving the consistency of judgments”, International Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined ngineering College as a faculty where he is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National