17. Additional Building Constraints Building Codes Zoning Ordinances Legal Constraints
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29. The Code Relationship Type of Occupancy Building Use Allowable Height & Area Zoning Ordinances Fire-Resistance Rating of Construction Construction Type
Suitability: PRIMARY FOCUS OF THIS COURSE SUITABLE FOR THE USE INTENDED EXAMPLES: CARRY THE LOADS, PROVIDE THE REQUIRED FUCTION, SUITABLE WITH ENVIRONMENT Availability; CAN YOU OBTAIN IT? IN THE TIME NEEDED? Cost; MOST ALWAYS A “PRIME” CONSIDERATION OFTEN THE PRIMARY RESTRAINT Appearance; DESIGN (AND TASTE) CONSIDERATION, subjective ARCHITECT AND OWNER Preference; SUBJECTIVE CONSIDERATION - A/E & OWNER
Building Performance Issues ITEMS SUCH AS FUNCTION, AESTHETICS DURABILITY, LIFE, expansion/contraction, heat flow “ STRUCTURAL” Design CONSIDERATIONS MAINTAINANCE MARKET ATTRACTING FIRE SAFETY, ETC. INITIAL COST, LIFE CYCLE COST Evaluated on Every Building CONFRONTED DURING DESIGN Involve “Trade-offs” - Time, Cost, Quality Construction Issues Deal with Actual Construction Relate to Means and Methods ITEMS SUCH AS: SAFETY, SCHEDULE, COST, QUALITY, OPTIMUM USE OF TRADES, WEATHER, ACTIVITY SEQUENCING, PRODUCTIVITY
Contractual Arrangements; TRADITIONAL OAC?, DESIGN BUILD?, DBO?? A/E STILL INVOLVED - DEGREE OF INVOLVEM’T Designer/Architect TYP.-PRIMARY INVOLVEMENT/RESPONSIBILITY WITH INPUT FROM; Owner for suitability, appearance & preference AND Contractor on cost and availability AND SOMETIMES SUITABILITY WHY SHOULD A CONTRACTOR BE FAMILIAR WITH MATERIALS? HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF COST, AVAILABILITY, INSTALLATION REQUIRMENTS - TO BE AN EXPERT/SOMEONE WHO CAN ASSIST THE THE OWNER AND A/E
EXPLAIN AIA 201 (CONTRACTUAL CONDITIONS) WHY IS CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBLE? (& NOT A/E, ETC) Most Knowledgeable, “controls” the site operations Method/means affects price, & time What the contractor should best know HOW OFTEN IS CONTRACTOR “ instructed otherwise ”? WHY HOW DO CONTRACTORS GET IN TROUBLE? USING “NON-APPROVED(SPEC.) MATERIALS NOT FOLLOWING MANUF. RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLES; WP CURING TIME, HOW TO AVOID PROBLEMS FOLLOW PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS/RECOMMENDATIOS
MANY CODE REQUIREMENTS HAVE TO DO WITH “FIRE RATING” REQUIREMENTS Measured in Hours (or fraction thereof) Typically - Increased Fire Resistance results in Increased Construction Cost INCREASED RATING - GENERALLY INCREASED SAFETY, BUT ALSO INCREASED COST THEREFORE OFTEN BUILD YTO LOWEST ACCEPTABLE RATING. WHY??? OWNERS WANT TO BE UNSAFE??? NO, OWNERS WANT TO BE COMPETITIVE
Full Scale Laboratory Tests MOCKUP, ACTUAL COMPONENTS TEST TO DESTRUCTION Identification of Components TABLES / STANDARDS PUBLISHED MUST BUILT TO / DUPLICATE TO MAINTAIN RATING American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) AS WITH A NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION TESTS, ESTABLISHES TESTING STANDARDS
Building Material Manufacturer WHY? SO that their product can be used. Construction Trade Organizations TYPICALLY - MANUFACTURERS ORGANIZATIONS APA, ACI, CRSI (Conc. Reinf. Steel Institute) Rating Services Underwriter’s Laboratory (UL) MOST COMMON PUBLISHES BOOK WITH ASSEMBLIES AND RATINGS UL LABEL ON A NUMBER OF PRODUCTS ( SHOW UL BOOK) Factory Mutual (FM) MORE FOR INSURANCE RATINGS TYP. REVIEW AND APPROVE SPRINKLER DWGS. LOOK AT HEAD SPACING, FLOW RATES , EQUIPMENT
Building Material Manufacturer WHY? SO that their product can be used. Construction Trade Organizations TYPICALLY - MANUFACTURERS ORGANIZATIONS APA, ACI, CRSI (Conc. Reinf. Steel Institute) Rating Services Underwriter’s Laboratory (UL) MOST COMMON PUBLISHES BOOK WITH ASSEMBLIES AND RATINGS UL LABEL ON A NUMBER OF PRODUCTS ( SHOW UL BOOK) Factory Mutual (FM) MORE FOR INSURANCE RATINGS TYP. REVIEW AND APPROVE SPRINKLER DWGS. LOOK AT HEAD SPACING, FLOW RATES , EQUIPMENT
