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Site Development:  Excavation & Foundations
Site Development:  Excavation & Foundations Part 1: Site Development and Excavation Developing the Site  Soils     Green Building Strategies: Sustainable Sites   Elements of Excavation  
Developing the Site ,[object Object],[object Object]
Developing the Site ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Developing the Site ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil ,[object Object],[object Object]
Soil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Organic soils consist of fully or partially decayed plant matter, compressive and unsuitable for foundations
Soil Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil Stratification (classification) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil characteristics by particle size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A sieve is an open top container with a wire mesh bottom used for screening particles.  The are used to analyze particle size distribution of soils & concrete aggregates.
Soil Types
Additional factors of Soil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Additional factors of Soil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do we know what type of soil is best? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil sampling and testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Test Boring Equipment ,[object Object],Figure 21.2 Picture A:  truck-mounted drilling machine boring a hole in the ground with a cutting tip at the end of a hollow pipe stem.  During the drilling operation, compressed air is pushed through the hollow stem to suck the drilled soil out to keep the boring clean.  Picture B:  A hollow pipe stem with a typical cutting bit.
[object Object],Soil Sample Figure 21.3:  Soil samples obtained from borings through the use of a sampling tube are wrapped in plastic, labeled with date of sample, location of boring at the site, depth, and so on and sent to the soil testing laboratory.  For an example of a Test Boring Log, see page 516 in textbook. Then refer to pages 543-546 for Principles in Practice, further explaining the data show in the log.
Site preparation prior to construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
[object Object],GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Category:  Sustainable Sites
Excavation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Excavation
Types of  Open  Excavation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uniform slope & stepped excavations.  Used when adequate space is available on site. ,[object Object],Figure 21.8 Two alternatives used for open excavations
Types of Open Excavation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sheeted Excavation Systems
View of excavation:  cut faces braced with soldier piles and lagging
Connection of lagging to soldier piles ,[object Object],Figure 21.16
 
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Profile of steel sheet piles ,[object Object],Figure 21.9:  Steel sheet piles with a Z-shaped profile. Adjacent sections interlock with each other. Several other sectional profiles are available.  Figure 21.10:  Steel sheet piles being driven into the soil using a diesel pile drive.
Sheeted Excavation Systems
Bracing Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bracing Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bracing Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section through excavation with soldier piles and lagging ,[object Object],Figure 21.13:  A section through an excavation supported by soldier piles and lagging. Tiebacks are installed as the excavation proceeds.  This is followed by bolting the lagging to solider piles. The number of tiebacks required is a function of the depth of excavation and the type of soil.
Drilling for tiebacks ,[object Object],Figure 21.14:  Drilling of a tieback hole in progress.
Close-up:  drilling for tiebacks ,[object Object],Figure 21.14:  Close-up of the same operation. Note that the hole is drilled in the space between the twin C-sections of the piles. The concrete around the sections is lean (weak) to allow easier drilling.
Tieback hole ,[object Object],Figure 21.15:  After the tieback hole has been drilled, a high-strength steel tendon is pushed into the hole and the hole is pressure grouted with concrete.
Tendon as tieback ,[object Object],Figure 21.15:  After the concrete has gained sufficient strength, the tendon is stressed (posttensioned) and then anchored to the pile.
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sheeted Excavation Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Dewatering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dewatering
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dewatering
Next Lecture, Part 2- Foundations

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ACH 122 Lecture 04a (Excavation & Foundations P1)

  • 1. Site Development: Excavation & Foundations
  • 2. Site Development: Excavation & Foundations Part 1: Site Development and Excavation Developing the Site  Soils  Green Building Strategies: Sustainable Sites  Elements of Excavation 
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  • 41. View of excavation: cut faces braced with soldier piles and lagging
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  • 66. Next Lecture, Part 2- Foundations

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Requirements OPTION 1. Development Density Construct or renovate a building on a previously developed site AND in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 square feet per acre net. The density calculation is based on a typical two-story downtown development and must include the area of the project being built. OR OPTION 2. Community Connectivity Construct or renovate a building on a site that meets the following criteria: Is located on a previously developed site Is within 1/2 mile of a residential area or neighborhood with an average density of 10 units per acre net Is within 1/2 mile of at least 10 basic services Has pedestrian access between the building and the services For mixed-use projects, no more than 1 service within the project boundary may be counted as 1 of the 10 basic services, provided it is open to the public. No more than 2 of the 10 services required may be anticipated (i.e., at least 8 must be existing and operational). In addition, the anticipated services must demonstrate that they will be operational in the locations indicated within 1 year of occupation of the applicant project. Examples of basic services include the following: Bank Place of Worship Convenience Grocery Day Care Center Cleaners Fire Station Beauty Salon Hardware Laundry Library Medical or Dental Office Senior Care Facility Park Pharmacy Post Office Restaurant School Supermarket Theater Community Center Fitness Center Museum
  2. Requirements CASE 1. Greenfield Sites1 Limit all site disturbance to the following parameters: n 40 feet beyond the building perimeter; n 10 feet beyond surface walkways, patios, surface parking and utilities less than 12 inches in diameter; n 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs and main utility branch trenches; n 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces (such as pervious paving areas, stormwater detention facilities and playing fields) that require additional staging areas to limit compaction in the constructed area. CASE 2. Previously Developed2 Areas or Graded Sites Restore or protect a minimum of 50% of the site (excluding the building footprint) or 20% of the total site area (including building footprint), whichever is greater, with native or adapted vegetation3. Projects earning SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity may include vegetated roof surface in this calculation if the plants are native or adapted, provide habitat, and promote biodiversity.