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Nucleus
TA C G T C C T A A T T C G T T T A G C C      TTT   A T A A GT   TCG    CCG TCG     TA G   CAT

A U G CA G   GA U   UAA   G CA   AA U   CGG   AAA   UA U   U CA A G C   AUC   AGC   AUC    G UA
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus




Promotor region
Nucleus




  Coding Region




Promotor region
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region




Promotor region
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region




Promotor region
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region




Promotor region
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region




Promotor region




RNA Polymerase
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region



                 Promotor region




RNA Polymerase
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region



                       Promotor region




RNA Polymerase
Nucleus


Termination Sequence




   Coding Region

                        Promotor region




RNA Polymerase
Protmoter Region
1. RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA strand
                            and DNA double helix unwinds.

                      2. The RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
RNA Polymerase                          region




                 Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Protmoter Region
Coding Region
Coding Region
Coding Region
RNA polymerase
                 Coding Region




                      mRNA strand
3. RNA Polymerase
    reads DNA &
   creates mRNA
                              A G T C G A C T

                mRNA strand



                              A G U C G A C U
                              T C A G C T G A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C



                Start Codon

                                  G U A
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T C A T
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                                 C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                               A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                             U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                            C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                          A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                       G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                     C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                   U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                 G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




                A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




             U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




           C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




         A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




       G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




      C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




    U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C




  G U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C

   4. mRNA
    reaches
  stop codon


A G U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A G U A
T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T C A T
Polymerase
reaches the   mRNA folds back
termination      on itself
 sequence




                 Terminator Sequence
RNA
polymerase &
mRNA strand
  fall off the
 DNA strand




                 Terminator Sequence
5. mRNA now releases to the cytoplasm & going
          through nuclear pore.




                                   Cytoplasm




           mRNA
Translation     happening in the cytoplasm


                         1. The rRNA forms a ribosome

              Ribosome
  mRNA
2. mRNA binds with                   tRNA

ribosomes and reads
   the first codon.



  AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CTA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA




           mRNA
Amino Acid

                                       tRNA
3. tRNA brings in the
     anti codon.                                     meth



                              Anti-codon


                                                     CA U
  AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA




           mRNA
Peptide bond




                                               lys    meth




                                               CUU
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ser   lys   meth




                                         U GA
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ala   ser   lys   meth




                                    AGC
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




                              UGC
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




                          CGU
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
lys   thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




                      CUU
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ser   lys   thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




                U GA
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ala   ser   lys   thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




           AGC
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ala   ala   ser   lys   thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




     UGC
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
stop   ala   ala   ser   lys   thr   ala   ala   ser   lys   meth




U UA
AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
ala

Finished Protein



                            ser         ala

     lys                                                        meth




             lys                                          thr




                      ala                     ser




                   stop                             ala
Transcription Summary

 •   RNA polymerase binds to an unwound DNA and unwinds it. Creates
     initiation bubble

 •   RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA

 •   RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates the mRNA

 •   RNA polymerase hits the stop codon and stops making mRNA

 •   mRNA now releases to the cytoplasm
Translation Summary


• rRNA forms the ribosome
• mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the
  first codon (AUG)

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Flip book

  • 2. TA C G T C C T A A T T C G T T T A G C C TTT A T A A GT TCG CCG TCG TA G CAT A U G CA G GA U UAA G CA AA U CGG AAA UA U U CA A G C AUC AGC AUC G UA
  • 6. Nucleus Coding Region Promotor region
  • 7. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region
  • 8. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region
  • 9. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region
  • 10. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region RNA Polymerase
  • 11. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region RNA Polymerase
  • 12. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region RNA Polymerase
  • 13. Nucleus Termination Sequence Coding Region Promotor region RNA Polymerase
  • 15. 1. RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA strand and DNA double helix unwinds. 2. The RNA polymerase binds to the promoter RNA Polymerase region Protmoter Region
  • 27. RNA polymerase Coding Region mRNA strand
  • 28. 3. RNA Polymerase reads DNA & creates mRNA A G T C G A C T mRNA strand A G U C G A C U T C A G C T G A
  • 29. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C Start Codon G U A T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T C A T
  • 30. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 31. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 32. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 33. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 34. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 35. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 36. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 37. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 38. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 39. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 40. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 41. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 42. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 43. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 44. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 45. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 46. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C G U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A C A U T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T G T A
  • 47. A G T C G A C TA G T C G A C T A G T C 4. mRNA reaches stop codon A G U C G A C U A G U C G A C U A G U A T C A G C T G A T C A G C T G A T C A T
  • 48. Polymerase reaches the mRNA folds back termination on itself sequence Terminator Sequence
  • 49. RNA polymerase & mRNA strand fall off the DNA strand Terminator Sequence
  • 50. 5. mRNA now releases to the cytoplasm & going through nuclear pore. Cytoplasm mRNA
  • 51. Translation happening in the cytoplasm 1. The rRNA forms a ribosome Ribosome mRNA
  • 52. 2. mRNA binds with tRNA ribosomes and reads the first codon. AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CTA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA mRNA
  • 53. Amino Acid tRNA 3. tRNA brings in the anti codon. meth Anti-codon CA U AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA mRNA
  • 54. Peptide bond lys meth CUU AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 55. ser lys meth U GA AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 56. ala ser lys meth AGC AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 57. ala ala ser lys meth UGC AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 58. thr ala ala ser lys meth CGU AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 59. lys thr ala ala ser lys meth CUU AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 60. ser lys thr ala ala ser lys meth U GA AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 61. ala ser lys thr ala ala ser lys meth AGC AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 62. ala ala ser lys thr ala ala ser lys meth UGC AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 63. stop ala ala ser lys thr ala ala ser lys meth U UA AA U A C G U C GA C U GAA G CAA C G U C GA C U GAA G UA
  • 64. ala Finished Protein ser ala lys meth lys thr ala ser stop ala
  • 65. Transcription Summary • RNA polymerase binds to an unwound DNA and unwinds it. Creates initiation bubble • RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA • RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates the mRNA • RNA polymerase hits the stop codon and stops making mRNA • mRNA now releases to the cytoplasm
  • 66. Translation Summary • rRNA forms the ribosome • mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the first codon (AUG)

Notes de l'éditeur

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