1. The Usage of Mobile Phones in Building
Relationships among the First and Second
Year College Students Ages 16-19 in
Miriam College
Introduction to Communication Research
under
Ms. Michelle Gadja
TTH 3:00 – 4:30
Research Proposal by:
Marante, Mikaela
Robosa, Sydney
Seat, Donna Leenn M.

2. CHAPTER 1
Background of the Study
Mobile phone is considered to be one of the communication tools that most people utilize today. As what
Francis mentioned on his article, “A cellular phone or cell phone is a wireless phone which most of the people use to
communicate these days. It has been a rapid transition from the use of house phones to cell phones. The cell phone
usage has increased a lot and it has become one of the main sources of wireless communication (Francis, 2009).”
It has also become one of the fast growing technologies in the world (Rebello, 2010). Thus, each year, the
number of cell phone users increase in both developed and developing countries (Kelly & Rebello 2010). According to
Kelly and Rebello: back in the year 2001, cell phone subscribers and subscriptions are less than a billion and most
number of subscribers came from the developed countries. By 2010, the subscribers now reached to five billion and it
was noted that subscribers of developing countries played a big contribution on this increased number of mobile phone
users. Kelly and Rebello stated that subscriptions from developing countries “outnumbered” the more developed
countries (Kelly & Rebello, 2010).
Cell phones now play an important part or task of our lives. Cell phones, as what a revolutionary study said,
defined how people are supposed “to love, live and work (Sukkran, 2010).” According to Cooper (2009): “Cell phones
have become increasingly popular in recent years. While people of various ages find cell phones convenient and useful,
younger generations tend to appreciate them more and be more dependent on them (Cooper ,2009).”
A study from The American Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences Journal, reported by Cooper
(2009), that currently, cell phones are not just a communication tool but an important “aspect of social interaction
(Cooper, 2009)”. A qualitative study was done by Walsh, White, & Ross among Australian adolescents. Walsh, White,
& Ross said: “Cell phones play an integral part in the lives of young Australians. Some of the participants in the study
reported very strong attachment to their cell phones; they felt as though their cell phones were part of them (Walsh,
White, & Ross, 2008).” This study represents, that youth‟s generation of today are indeed dependent of their mobile
phones. Thus, this research implies that mobile phones highly impacted the lives of the teenagers of today. A study,
conducted by: Bond (2010), examined children's cell phone use and concluded that cell phones played a big role of
maintaining and managing relationship with their peers. Voice calls of cell phone users involved in a romantic
relationship were associated positive relationship qualities (Jin & Peña, 2010). “Other studies reported that the
presence of cell phones provide a higher sense of security in potentially harmful situations. This has contributed to an
increase in cell phone value, leading cell phone users to perceive cell phones as a must-have tool (Nasar, Hecht, &
Wener, Walsh, 2010)”.
“The cell phone has become the most recent digital technology for teens to negotiate.” Cooper (2009) said.
According to a 2005 Pew/Internet and American Life Project, almost half of American teens own a cellular phone and
one-third of middle school American teens own a mobile phone. American Life Project (2005) says that cellular phones
“are the most widely owned devices among parents and the second most widely owned device among teens.” Cell
phones are not just technological innovation but medium of communication. The usage of cell phone gives us the
understanding that it is a media and not just technology (Buckingham viii).

3. Given the background of cell phones or mobile phones and its impact to teenagers‟ social interactions, the
researchers aim to explore the usage of mobile phones to first and second year college students in Miriam College ages
16 to 19. The researchers chose this segment of the population due to the fact that the researchers reside or study in the
same institution with the chosen respondents which is Miriam College This study will focus on cell phone usage in
building relationships (teen-family, friendly and romantic relationships).
Rationale of the Study
The researchers believe that there has been no cell phone usage study in Miriam College due to the information
gathered by the researchers from the archives of Miriam College library that there has been no study focused on this
matter and considering that it is a private school where students are able to obtain their own mobile phones and gain
access to it. The researchers wanted to explore this untouched subject and give contribution regarding this area of
study. Under the teenage years of a person, is a process of self-definition, self-identity, peer pressure, family ties and
many other concerns. The researchers wanted to find out and discuss the usage of mobile phones in building
relationships among the first and second year college ages 16-19 in Miriam College. This particular audience or
respondents of the researchers were chosen basically because of its proximity to the researchers.
There is awareness of the social benefits that enhanced one‟s relationship with other people. The usage of
mobile phones may or may not significantly affect the communication and relationship of youngsters to their family
and friends. Hence, the researchers, want to identify mobile phone usage is associated to connectivity to peer ties,
family ties and romantic relationships of teenagers nowadays. The researchers want to make a study on this because a
study made by Campbell (2005), showed that a mobile phone plays a role in constructing the social lives of the youths.
Thus, the researchers want to find out how the usage of mobile phones give off the impact in widening the social
interactions of the teenagers and provide deepening of relationships on their family, friends and in having intimate
relationships.
As Communication students, they want to determine the positive and negative usage of mobile phone in young
people‟s social interactions. Studying this topic discusses mobile phone use as a communication tool to build, widen
and enhance relationships, among first and second year college, ages 16 to 19 in Miriam College.
Research Objectives
General Objectives:
The general aim of the study is to explore the usage of mobile phones in building relationships among the first
and second year college students ages 16-19 in Miriam College. Thus, the specific objectives are as follows:
1. To explore a comprehensive evaluation of the factors involving mobile phone usage in social interactions of
the first and second year college students ages 16-19 in Miriam College with their friends, family and lovers.
2. To determine how teenagers use cell phones as an instrument in building relationships and calculate the
frequency of mobile phone usage by the first and second year college students ages 16-19 in Miriam College.
3. To identify the impacts on behavior and attitudes of the first and second year college students ages 16-19 in
Miriam College regarding the use of cell phones in their social interactions with their friends, family and lovers.

4. Statement of the Problem:
The study intends to investigate the usage of mobile phones within teenagers and its impact in building
relationships, particularly in the first and second year college students ages 16-19 in Miriam College.
The discussions led the researchers to ask the following question: How do teenagers ages 16-19 of Miriam
College utilize or maximize their phones in building relationships?
Significance of the Study
This segment of the study aims to show the readers the benefits or privileges that they will get from the
findings that the researches will acquire through the course of this study.
To student bodies in the academe. This study may be helpful in encouraging the organizations of a school to
maximize the power of mobile phones when it comes to information dissemination and forming camaraderie with the
students.
To Communication and Psychology students. The study will inform Communication and Psychology
students about mobile phones as a medium of communication and its impacts on behavior and social aspects of
teenagers.
To parents. This study may be helpful in heightening their awareness and understanding on how teenagers
(their children) utilize their mobile phones in social interactions.
To future researchers. The study will benefits and helps the future researchers as their reference in exploring
the subject of the usage of mobile phones in social interactions of teenagers.

5. CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter is concerned mostly about the history of mobile phones, usage of mobile phones, mobile phones
as a tool for socializing and scientific studies of mobile phone usage among teenagers in social interactions.
History of Mobile Phones
1835 Samuel Morse made the first working electric telegraph to send and receive complex messages, and in 1844 he
sent the first message: “What hath God wrought?”
1973 Motorola Engineer Dr. Martin Cooper made the first handled mobile phone to call to his invention rival Joel
Engel at AT&T in 1973.
1985 First-generation (1G) mobile phones entered the market in the Eighties; they were large and heavy devices with
limited battery lives that could only make voice calls.
1992 The introduction of the 2G network allowed for text messaging and basic internet access, and by 1999, 76% of the
U.K owned a mobile phone.
2001 Japan launched the first 3G network, bringing with it faster mobile internet, and by 2007 there were a total of 200
million 3G users worldwide (O‟Callaghan, 2011).
2002 Dinger Hiptop which later became T-mobile sidekick hit the mobile space.
 Blackberry 5810 was the first RIM phone that includes voice functionality although it
requires headset.
 Sanyo and Sprint make the Sprint SPC-5300 PCS available and they claimed that it is the first
mobile phone in United states that has digital camera feature.
2004 Motorola announces the RAZR c3 cell phone that starts the trend of ultra-thin phones.
2006 Blackberry pearl 8100 was released. It was the first Blackberry phone that has camera and media player.
2007 Apple releases I-phone. The touch screen navigation interface which doesn‟t require to use stylus.
2008 Android phones arrives product and backed by Google, HTC, Intel and severla inflential companies.
2009 Several companies launches their own App store including Nokia‟s Ovi Store, Windows Marketplace for Mobile,
Blackberry App world.
2010 Apples launches Iphone 4which uses Api‟s to allow third party apps to multitask.
2011 and the future with Apple, Samsung, HTC and Nokia, new, fatser and more powerful smartphones, the future of
smartphones will be bright.Usage of Mobile Phones

6. The Changes Mobile Phone Brought Forth
Mobile phones have become an important gadget for almost every human being. Every year, it undergo a lot of
alterations, physically and application wise. Mobile phones today are not only meant for calls and for sending
messages. Mobile phones have elevated its features and usefulness. With the ever evolving technology that we have
today, it is no doubt that mobile phones can now tract your location. According to Sutko etc., 2010, “Location-aware
mobile media allow users to see their locations on map on their mobile phone screens. These applications either
disclose the physical positions of known friends, or represent the location of groups of unknown people (Surko, &
Souza, 2010).” This study also mentioned that through this type of application, Sutko and Souza in 2010 assumed that
it will increase communication among people of different places.
Base on a Reader‟s Digest‟s article made by Gordon in 2011, mobile phones had changed the way we
communicate and had made a significant impact in our lives. With Gordon‟s case, he mentioned, “With my mobile
device, I can dial into conference calls while stuck in a traffic jam or reply to urgent e-mails while on the go. I can send
a text message or share photos and videos with friends who aren‟t living in the same country. My phone calendar keeps
my life organised, and even Facebook, Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile devices
(Gordon, 2011).” It was also tackled in the article that Smartphones are not just for connectivity but also a means of
entertainment as there are a number of various mobile applications that you can choose from. The article enumerated
situations where people used a mobile phone and how it made a change. For a Bangladeshi businesswoman named
Shompa Akhter, she used Mobile e-mail to stay in touch with her suppliers for her boutique. Before using a mobile
phone, dealing with suppliers in different town was a hassle for her. Now that she made use of Mobile E-mail,
transactions between her and her suppliers were much easier. In the Philippines, teachers Edna Cas and Imelda
Pontejos have brought lessons to life in classrooms by downloading multimedia content via smartphones using an
application called “Text2Teach” and linking it to television screens to show to their students. Farmers, like Edi Sugara
in North Sumatra, Indonesia now get access to weather information perilous to his crops using his mobile phone. Thus,
he can quickly decide on how to protect his crops from the bad weather. Not only that, he also gets information about
the latest crop prices through his mobile phone, by this, he can negotiate better and decide on how much he can sell his
crops. Truly, mobile phone usage had drastically changed their way of life (Gordon, 2011).
Mobile phones have widened its horizon with its new applications and features almost every year. Yee, 2011,
said on his article in Reader‟s Digest said, “Smartphones are becoming thoroughly indispensable companions for the
modern era. All-in-one integrated devices that have extended their reach far beyond making telephone calls, they now
serve as maps with built-in GPS, cameras, information directories, e-mail readers, web browsers as well as many
functions developable into applications. And they are slated to become even smarter. With mobile payment systems,
rather than reaching into your wallets (Yee, 2011).”
According to Baker, there are many concerns about the impact of the constant media input that cell phones
provide for youth, but there are many uses as well. The most obvious use of cell phones for youth is their ability to help
teens communicate. A teenager who owns a cell phone is always able to call her parents. For her parents, knowing that
their child can easily communicate with them at any time offers peace of mind. In addition, most cell phones allow
users to make long-distance calls for free, making it easier for youth to regularly stay in touch with distant friends and
family members. Furthermore, a teenager, having a cell phone available in emergency situations can make the

7. difference between life and death. A teen who is suspects she is a witness of criminal activity can call someone on her
cell phone. Youths have also used cell phones with video and phone capability to record criminal events, making them
into reporters and helping police identify criminals and observe exact events in a crime. Cell phones have also been
leveraged as an important tool for youth engagement, especially in developing countries and rural areas. Lastly, in
places where youth are less likely to have access to the Internet or landline phones, cell phones are becoming a way for
them to connect with the global world and give their opinions on issues that affect them. For example, a radio program
in Burundi in 2009 allowed marginalized rural youth to share their opinions on public policy questions, using cell
phones to call in to the radio show (Baker).
Globalization brought forth mobile technology innovation. Mobile technology innovation defines how people
relate with other people, intimately or not. Intimacy through mobile is a worldwide trend that gives solution to
problems such as “distances of time and space (Raiti, 2007)”. Mobile communication may strengthen personal
relationships but usage of mobile phones and its technological innovation can lead to destroying of relationships.
Victorian romantic love is rooted from physical love while the modern concept of love emerged from human‟s way of
using mobile phones. People can intimate whenever and wherever just by using their mobile phones. In Korea,
teenagers use cell phone to re-establish connections with old friends and at the same time: meet new faces. Japanese
teenagers, cell phones are used to define a teenager‟s fashion statement. Taiwanese teenagers, mobile phones are used
to express affection to their loved ones not to socialize and express your fashion statement. Asian female consumers
use mobile phones primarily to express their love for someone or some people. Asian male clients use cellular phones
just to seek knowledge or information. Mobile phones changed the manner of relating yourself to another being.
Mobile phones gave way to another way of being intimate (Raiti, 2007).
Uses of Mobile Phones
According to the study made by Potnis in 2011, titled, “Cell-Phone-Enabled Empowerment of Women Eraning
Less than $1/Day” mentioned that, “ Lata, a married woman living alone in Bhor, perceived cell phones as a luxury
until her children left her to work in a nearby city. She never thought that a cell phone would be a necessary investment
for her. She bought a cell phone to communicate with her children anytime of the day (Potnis, 2011).” Cell phones held
by Indian women are utilized as a communication tool to connect with their families specifically with their children.
Furthermore, another empowerment that Indian women get from obtaining a cell phone is that of which they acquire or
offer emotional support. As also stated in the study of Potnis, 2011, “For many respondents, a cell phone acts as a
powerful medium to reach someone, to seek and offer emotional support anytime they wish, thereby overcoming the
barrier of distance and time (Potnis, 2011).” In the study, an umarried girl shared that she gets emotional strength by
connecting with her friends by the use of cell phone. She said, “If something goes wrong with any of friend and if I
cannot visit that friend, the at least I can call him to console (Potnis, 2011).” She added that although we are not
physically present in those kinds of situations, the mere fact that our words reached them matters a lot to convey to
them that we care and support them. Thus, mobile phones are of big help. Another interesting finding of the study is
that cell phones served as a way for them to experience recreation with others. Many unmarried respondents make use
of cell phones for socializing. An example given in the study was when Prachi, a teenager enjoys playing pranks with
her friends using their own cellphones. She said, “My best friends‟ keep teasing me from different numbers. We enjoy
that! Friends call me just to ask my whereabouts and when we plan to go out. Nowadays, I do not get to see my friends,

8. so we keep in touch through cell phones... I have good relations with many people which are maintained through my
mobile (Potnis, 2011).” Indeed, this study proves that mobile phones are essential for Indian women not merely as a
source of income but most importantly for empowerment by socializing with their family and friends.
Base on the study of Campbell, Scott and Nojin (2011), “Mobile communication has rapidly emerged as a
nearly global resource for connecting friends, family as well as coordinating daily life activity” (Campbell, Scott and
Nojin, 2011). It has made the world a global village since people can connect with each other no matter how far they
are from one another. In fact Castells, 2009, said that” It is the fastest diffusing communication technology on the
planet¬----ever. Mobile technology is ubiquitous with regard to how many people use it but also where they use it. The
affordance of mobility allows for virtually anytime-anywhere connectivity making this private social resource a matter
of public concern (Castells, 2009).” Socializing with your loved ones and friends abroad became easy with the help of
mobile phones. Mobile phones helped millions of people to conquer boundaries and unite with their loved ones.
Furthermore, for many, the mobile phone is primarily for used for maintaining existing relationships, greater
depth in relationship at the expense of breadth when users are withdrawn from others in their physical surroundings.
This brings us full circle to a point that generally, we must be open to both intimates and strangers when we interact in
daily life the mobile phones tip in the favor of intimate sphere of friends and family (Gergen, 2008).
Scientific Studies of Mobile Phone Usage among Teenagers in Social Interactions
Cell phone usage can be defined as any application of the cell phone as a tool, including talking, text
messaging, game playing or the sheer accessibility of the instrument. Originally the cell phone served as a tool for
business management. Now, cell phones serve as a tool for social connection, in other words, managing social
relationships. Across qualitative and quantitative studies, users of the cell phone all report using their phone for social
purposes. However, scholars have argued the cell phone might actually serve as a tool for social isolation (Bugeja,
2005).
According to Bond (2010), mobile phones play a fundamental role in positively maintaining and managing
children‟s friendships, but they simultaneously facilitate a negative role in more risky relationships and in bullying.
This has been well documented by the media repeatedly claiming in news headlines in the UK that mobile phones are
accountable for the reported increase in bullying, stalking and social phenomena like „happy slapping‟ (when a person
is physically attacked in some way and the incident is photographed or filmed on a mobile phone and the material
shared with others, normally causing further humiliation and anxiety).
In a study by Marilyn Campbell at Queensland University of Technology, the mobile phone has impacted on
young people‟s peer groups enabling a truly networked society. It has also impacted on the evolving relationships
within the family; especially by the increased negotiating power the mobile phone gives to young people in regard to
curfews and safety issues. Schools and educational settings report that student‟s mobile phone use disrupts teaching and
reduces student‟s attention in class, resulting in negative educational outcomes. However, the impact of the mobile
phone on the social institution of the school has not been as widely researched and is one which has the potential to
cause many problems in the future.

9. A Japanese research shows that, mobile phones are now an indispensable tool for communication exchange
among young people. In Japan, Korea and Taiwan, the young generation especially enjoy text messaging and phone
calls, and use mobile phones very frequently. The analysis in this paper shows that, although somewhat different
patterns of interdependency of the factors that affect the relationship with friends and acquaintances exist in these
countries, communication through mobile phones has a relatively low impact on relationships. We hypothesized that
the usage of mobile phones and text messaging deepened or widened relationships with friends and acquaintances. It is
evident in the analysis that the hypothesis does not hold in these countries. Contrary to our hypothesis, use of mobile
phones, whether voice or mail, did not contribute to enhance the relationship with their communication partners. This
suggests that the young generation is tied to one another very weakly through mobile phones. In other words, their
communications are superficial, and does not widen or deepen the closeness with friends (Aoshima, Chiu, Kim,
Mitomo, 2004).
Cell-phone texting has become the preferred channel of basic communication between teens and their friends
and cell calling is a close second. Some 75% of 12-17 year-olds now own cell phones, up from 45% in 2004. Those
phones have become indispensable tools in teen communication patterns. Among cell-owning teens, using the phone
for calling is a critically important function, especially when it comes to connecting with their parents (Campbell,
Lenhart, Ling, Purcel, 2010).
The article started with the introduction of Indonesia as the fifth most populated country and because of this,
Indonesia is considered as one of the important customers for mobile phones and mobile technology implementation.
Mobile phones are used as a means of communication but according to the article, mobile phones are also used in
building relationships among people and couples. BEDD that stands for Bluetooth-Enabled Dating Device is a program
installed for mobile phones. BEDD will make the user fill out a profile about themselves and when another BEDD
consumer is within the range of the Bluetooth signal, the user can either connect with that person or not. BEDD is a
mobile technology innovation that helps people meet, interact and chat with others. BEDD and Nokia merged to help
the youth encounter new crowd and keep in touch with their old folks. Jakarta teenagers are accustomed to hanging out
with their peers but a BEDD user stated that BEDD is a latest and entertaining method of finding new friends and
interacting with them. BEDD, for teenagers, is dubbed as the self-initiated matchmaking. BEDD is not just suitable for
teenagers only, it accommodates other generations of the Indonesian race. Older BEDD users can connect with their
old friends, physically near or not. Mobile phones and the software BEDD made courtship in public places possible.
Cellular phones and BEDD made the possibility of having private conversations in public places. Cell phone
communication made “eyeballs” and dating “safer” since you‟re doing it in public. As stated earlier, mobile phones are
not just a channel of communication but for Indonesians: it is a modern way of social connections or networking.
Mobile phones are used to “exercise your social freedom” present yourself, and gain new individuals to bond
(Humphreys & Barker, 2007).

10. CHAPTER 3
Theoretical Framework
This part presents to the readers the specific theory linked to that is related and congruent to the researcher‟s
study about the usage cell phone in building relationship of teens among their families, friends and lovers, as well.
Under the Interpersonal Communication, the researchers will utilize this theory of Altman and Taylor that goes
under the name of: Social Penetration Theory. Social Penetration Theory argues that for a relationship to develop, both
parties must have disclosure.
The theorists used an “onion” to compare it to relationship of a person or people. Like an onion, an individual
is understood once another person “sheds way” the many layers of the former person. A person needs to get to know
people and that is the start of the relationship building until relationship maintenance.
On the lighter note, once a person managed to penetrate another person‟s layers, he or she can sustain or
maintain the established bond with the other person. In line with this, both parties must have self-disclosure. A
relationship or bond is built with the only one revealing him or her to another; a two-way process.
On the contrary, social penetration can also lead to a “de-penetration”, wherein people who had the chance to
get to know each other will results to going back to square one/termination of relationship and/ or withdrawal of
disclosure.
With the help of this study, we will identify the role of mobile phone in the usage of it in building relationship.
Conceptual Framework
The Social Penetration Theory Model

11. The Social Penetration Theory Model Inculcated in Researchers‟ Communication Research (The Usage of Mobile Phones in
Building Relationships among the First and Second Year Students Aged 16-19 in Miriam College)

12. Definition of Terms
Mobile phone - It is any wireless device that operates over a relatively large area, as a cellular phone or PCS.
Communication - It is the process of imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions or informations
Technology - It is the science of powerful medical imagery. It is a process, invention, method or the like
Teenagers – These are persons between 13-19 years old; adolescents
Social interaction - It refers to a particular form of externalities, in which the actions of a reference group affect an individual‟s
preferences.
Relationship - An emotional or other connection between people.
Text message - It is a service that allows short messages to be sent from one cell phone to another cell phone.
1G network - Earliest cellular system to develop. First generation phones were analogue, used for voice calls only, and the
signals were transmitted through frequency modulation.
2G network- The logical next stage in the development of wireless system after 1G, they introduced for the first time a mobile
phone system that used purely digital technology.
3G Network - The latest stage in the development of wireless communication technology. it support much higher data
transition rate and offer increased capacity, which makes them suitable for high-speed data application as well as for
the traditional voice call.
Smartphones - A device that lets you make telephone calls, but also adds in features that, in the past you would have found in a
computer.
RIM - Research in Motion or RIM is the company behind the innovative Blackberry product.
Globalization - Worldwide integration and development
Intimacy - A close, and usually affectionate or loving personal relationship with another person
Socialize - To behave in a friendly or sociable manner
BEDD - Bluetooth Enabled Dating Device helps the user to meet, interact and chat with their friends.
Android - Is a Linux based operating system for mobile phones such Smartphones and Tablet PC‟s.
App stores - It is a generic term for digital distribution platforms that is used to purchase applications for your Smartphones or
Tablets.
Relationship Initiation – It is the beginning phase of building a relationship or connection.
Social Impact – It is the immediate result on the social aspect of 2 or more individuals forming a bond.
Relationship Pursuing – It is the secondary stage of a relationship and/or connection.
Physical Impact – It is the effect of using mobile phones on the physicality of individuals.
Relationship Building – It is the tertiary level where in individuals already passed the “Acquaintanceship” and is now
going towards the creation of a stronger connectivity.

13. Behavioral Impact – It is a deeper result affecting the behavior of the individuals involved in building relationships.
Steady Relationship – It is the top level of the building blocks of a connection or a bond between individuals.
Relationship Maintenance – The end or last step of forming a relationship.

14. CHAPTER 4
Methodology
This chapter presents the study design and methodology of this research paper. This chapter also includes the
instrumentation and presentation of the techniques for data gathering.
Locale of the study
The study was conducted in Miriam College because the observed group and participants studies in this school. The
study focuses on Miriam College because the study only concentrated on the students of Miriam College. The researchers
also studies at Miriam College thus conducting a study at this location is proven easy for them.
Research Design
The research design of this study is the exploratory research design. The researchers also utilize the qualitative
research approach in determining the different variables in this approach and to provide a more in-depth exploration of the
study. The data gathered by the researchers were reviewed and analyzed thoroughly to collect the information needed by this
study
Research Instruments
The instruments that the researchers find useful for this study are the survey and interview for mobile phone users.
The questions will focus on how they use their mobile phones, who they communicate to, when they use it, what particular
feature of mobile phone do they use and what they get from using their phones. The researcher came up with a guide
questions that help them know the answers.
1. Do you have a mobile phone?
-Yes
-No
2. When do you usually use your mobile phones?
-from the time I wake up „til I close my eyes
-During my free time
-weekends only
3. How do you use your mobile phone?
-Texting
-Calling
-Games
-Social networking
-Surfing the internet

15. -Note taking
4. Who do you usually communicate with your mobile phone?
-Parents
-Siblings
-Friends
5. What message do you usually send them?
-Quotes
-Information regarding class
-Whatever happens to you?
6. Can you leave your home without your phone?
-Yes
-No
7. Do you give your numbers to someone you just met?
-Yes
-No
8. Does mobile phone help you build your relationship with other people? In what way
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Research Participants:
The researchers will interview 10 students of Miriam College from first year to second year ages 16-19 years old.
The researchers chose the age range because it is the age when teenagers are hook with their mobile phones. The researchers
will also conduct a survey with 200-250 respondents. The numbers of participants were chosen by the researchers in order to
further analyze and understand the users of mobile phones. The respondents of survey will strictly be first year to second year
students of Miriam College ages 16-19 years old.
Data Gathering Procedure:
The researchers visited the library of Miriam College and Ateneo de Manila University to gather information about
the usage of mobile phones in building relationships among teenagers. The researchers developed a content and textual
analysis as the basis for the study. The researchers also gathered information from the internet to have more sources for the
researcher‟s related literature.
Interview and survey were also chosen by the researchers to gather information from the participants.

16. Presentation and Analysis of data:
The results will be analyzed base on the observation of researchers among the participants on the interview and
through the survey conducted. The interviews and surveys will be analyzed base on the similarities of answers that the
participants will give to the guide questions.
The results will be presented through tables and pie graphs to show the percentage of the number of interview and
survey participants with the same answer.

17. Bibliography
JOURNALS:
Bond, E. (2010). Managing mobile relationships: Children's perception of the impact of the mobile phone on
relationships in their everyday lives. Childhood, 17, 514-529
Bugeja, M. (2005). Interpersonal divide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, S., Kwan, N. (2010) Mobile Communication and Civil Society: Linking Patterns and Places of Use to
Engagement with Others in Public. Human Communication Research. 207-223
Cooper, C. (2009) Generation Net and the Cell Phone: The Blurring of Interpersonal and Mass Communication.
American Communication Journal Vol. 11, No. 1. 30-41
Gergen, K. J. (2002). The Challenge of Absent Presence. In J. Katz & M. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: Mobile
Communication, private talk, public performance (pp. 227 -241). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hakoama, M., Hakoyama, S. (2011) The Impact of Cell Phone Use on Social Networking and development Among
College Students. The American Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences Journal. Vol 15. 165-185
Humphreys, L., Barker, T. (2007) Modernity and Mobile Phone Exploring Tension About Dating and Sex in Indonesia.
M/C Journal: A Journal of Media and Culture. Vol. 10 issue 1.
Jin, B., & Peña, J. F. (2010). Mobile communication in romantic relationships: Mobile phone use, relational
uncertainty, love, commitment, and attachment styles. Communication Reports 23, 1, 39-51.
Raiti, G. (2007) Mobile Intimacy. M/C Journal: A Journal of Media and Culture. Vol. 10 issue 1.
Sukto, D., Souza, A., (2010) Location-Aware Mobile Media and Urban Sociability. New Media & Society. Vol. 13.
806-823
Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., & Ross, M. Y. (2008). Over-connected? A qualitative exploration of the relationship
between Australian youth and their mobile phones. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 77-92.
ONLINE JOURNALS:
Aoshima, Miyuki and Chui, Chia Hua and Kim, Ae-Ree and Mitomo, Hitoshi. (n.d.) Influnces of mobile phone text
messaging on Communication among the young generation in Japan, Korea and Taiwan: A comparative analysis.
Graduate School of Global Informations and telecommunications Studies. Retrieved December 20, 2011 from
http://userpage.fuberlin.de/~jmueller/its/conf/berlin04/Papers/Kim_mitomo.pdf
Campbell, Marilyn. (2005) Impact of the mobile phone on young people‟s social life. School of learning and
Professional studies. Retrieved December 20, 2011 from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/3492/1/3492.pdf
Kim, Ae-Ree and Chui, Chia Hua and Aoshima, Miyuki and Mitomo, Hitoshi. (2004) Influnces of mobile phone text
messaging on Communication among the young generation in Japan, Korea and Taiwan: A comparative analysis.

18. Graduate School of Global Informations and telecommunications Studies. Retrieved December 20, 2011 from
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~jmueller/its/conf/berlin04/Papers/Kim_mitomo.pdf
Walsh, Shari P. and White, Katherine M. and Young Ross, McD. (2010) Needing to Connect: The effect of self and
others on young people‟s involvmentwith their mobile phones. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62(4). pp. 194-203.
(In press) http://eprints.qut.edu.au/34415/1/34415.pdf
MAGAZINES:
Gordon, N. (2011, August) Is the Mobile Phone a Blessing or a Curse? 29-30
Potnis, D. (2011, June) Cell-Phone-Enabled Empowerment of Women Earning Less Than $1/Day. 39-44
Yee, S. (2011, August) Hanging Up on Your Wallet. Reader‟s Digest. 14-26
ONLINE MAGAZINES:
Baker, Lisa C. (n.d.) Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects on Youth. Ehow. Retrieved December 20, 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/list_5955529_cell-phones-positive-effects-youth.html
O'Callaghan, Johnny. (2011) Top five facts: mobile phone history. How it works. Retrieved December 20, 2011 from
http://www.howitworksdaily.com/technology/top-five-facts-mobile-phone-history/
Sacco,A. 2007, A brief history of the monile phone. blogs.cia.com.
http://blogs.cio.com/al_sacco/a_brief_history_of_the_mobile_phone_1973_2007
INTERNET ARTICLES:
Francis (2009) A Brief Description About The History of Cell Phones. Sooperartocles. Retrieved December 20, 2011
From http://www.sooperarticles.com/communications-articles/mobile-cell-phones-articles/brief-description-about-
history-cell-phones-7690.html
Rebello, J. (2010). Global wireless subscriptions reach 5 billion. Retrieved from http://www.isuppli.com/Mobile-and-
WirelessCommunications/News/Pages/Global-Wireless-Subscriptions-Reach-5-Billion.aspx
Squidoo. (n.d) Cell Phone Is Changing Our Life, Love and Work. Retrieved December 20, 2011 From
http://www.squidoo.com/cell_phone_service
THEORIES:
UKY. (2000) Mass Communication Context: Social Penetration Theory. Retrieved December 20, 2011 From
http://www.uky.edu/~drlane/capstone/interpersonal/socpen.html

19. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Russ (NA) A short hhistory of smartphones. Smarthphone-guide.com. http://smartphone-guide.com/a-short-history-of-
the-smartphone.html
N.N (2009) 2G Second Generation Networks. The Mobile Phone Directory, Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://www.mobile-phone-directory.org/Technology/2G_-_Second_Generation/
N.N (2009) 1G First Generation Networks. The Mobile Phone Directory, Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://www.mobile-phone-directory.org/Technology/1G_-_First_Generation/
N.N (2009) 3G Second Generation Networks. The Mobile Phone Directory, Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://www.mobile-phone-directory.org/Technology/3G_-_Third_Generation/
Scheinkman, J (n.d) Social Interactions. Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://www.princeton.edu/~joses/wp/socialinteractions.pdf
N.N (n.d) App store. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Store
Cassavoy, L (n.d.) What makes a Smartphone Smart? About.com Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
http://cellphones.about.com/od/smartphonebasics/a/what_is_smart.htm
N.N. (n.d.) Leading Innovation. RIM. Retrieved February 24, 2012 from http://www.rim.com/products/index.shtml
Fendelman, A. (n.d.) Definition of SMS text messaging: What is SMS messaging, text messaging?. About .com retrieved
February 24, 2012 from http://cellphones.about.com/od/phoneglossary/g/smstextmessage.htm