1. International Scan on Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Mobility: May 2009 Sponsored by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) N C H R P

3. Education

4. Enforcement

5. Encouragement

6. Evaluation (Monitoring)Recommendations 2 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

7. Scan Team Ed Fischer Traffic Safety Engineer Oregon DOT Gabe Rousseau Bike/Ped Program Mgr. -FHWA Shawn Turner (Report Facilitator), Texas Transportation Institute Ernie Blais, FHWA, Vermont Division Cindy Engelhart, Virginia DOT David Henderson, Miami‐Dade County MPO Jon Kaplan, Bike/Ped Program Mgr. - Vermont AOT Kit Keller, Association of Pedestrian & Bicycle Professionals James Mackay, Bicycle Technical Committee, National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Priscilla Tobias,Traffic Safety Enginer Illinois DOT Diane Wigle, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Charlie Zegeer, The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center

9. Policy

10. Engineering

11. Education

12. Enforcement

13. Safe Routes to School Programs

14. Monitoring Usage Levels and Exposure

15. Safety Research and Evaluation4 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

16. May 2009 Scan Tour 5 Copenhagen Lund Sweden Denmark Malmö Nakskov Berlin Germany Potsdam Bristol London United Kingdom Winterthur Switzerland Bern

17. City Populations Bern, CH – 343,600 Winterthur, CH – 100,000 Copenhagen, DK – 520,000 Nakskov, DK – 14,000 Lund, SE – 76,000 Malmo, SE – 290,000 Berlin, GE – 3.4M Potsdam, GE – 152,000 Bristol, UK – 421,000 London, UK – 7.5M

18. Overall Framework POLICIES Engineering Enforcement Education Encouragement Evaluation (Monitoring) 7 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

20. Political support at all levels, not just staff

21. Motor vehicle operating costs

22. Parking policies

23. Enforcement policies

24. Street design hierarchy

25. Integration with public transport

26. Connected on-street and off-street networks

27. Traffic safety education for children

28. Many other details that make walking and bicycling easy, convenient, and enjoyable8 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

29. Historical Perspective 9 Bicycling Mode Share - % Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

30. Conscious Effort to Change Forty years ago Copenhagen was just as car-clogged as anywhere else but now 37% of commuters crossing the city boundary ride bicycles each day. That number rises to 55% in the city proper. Copenhagenizing is possible anywhere. www.copenhagenize.com

31. Winterthur, Switzerland 11 Pedestrian Priority Zone in Historical City Center, 2009 (Source: Presentation by Stefan Gerber, City of Winterthur, Switzerland) Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

32. 12 1980 2000 Winterthur, Switzerland 1955 1970 (Source: Presentation by Stefan Gerber, City of Winterthur, Switzerland)

33. Strøget, Copenhagen, 1960 13 Source: Gehl and Gemzøe, New City Spaces, 2000 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

34. Strøget, Copenhagen, 2000 14 Source: Gehl and Gemzøe, New City Spaces, 2000 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

35. Bern, Switzerland, 1960s/70s 15 Source: http://www.parlament.ch Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

36. Bern, Switzerland, 2009 16 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

37. Safety-in-Numbers(Awareness-in-Numbers) When pedestrians and bicyclists are a common element on/along streets, motorists expect their presence For this reason, biking and walking is actively promoted beyond providing “asphalt and concrete” 17 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

38. Engineering Measures for Pedestrians Passive detection to call, truncate, extend, or cancel pedestrian phase (PUFFIN signal) Near-side pedestrian signal heads 18 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

39. Engineering Measures for Pedestrians Crossing islands Railing to direct pedestrians to preferred crossing locations Raised crosswalks at unsignalized crossings 19 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

40. Pedestrian Refuge - Bern

41. Ped Crossing - Bristol

42. Raised intersection - Bern

43. Engineering Measures for Bicyclists Intersection safety Convex mirrors Advanced stop bars Bicycle-specific traffic signals Bike boxes 23 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

44. Advanced stop line - Copenhagen

45. Bike Box - London

46. Bike Signals – Copenhagen/Berlin

47. Engineering Measures for Bicyclists Separated facilities Cycle tracks Cycle paths 27 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

48. Cycle Track - Copenhagen

49. Cycle Path - Bern

50. Engineering Measures for Bicyclists Pavement markings Dashed bike lanes through intersections Color at conflict points Longitudinal bike symbols 30 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

51. Colored bike lane - Winterthur

52. Bike lane - Berlin

53. Bike lane - Berlin

54. Low-Speed Street Design Residential and commercial areas 20 mph, 20 to 30 kilometers per hour 4 conditions for use 34 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

55. Pedestrian Shopping Street - Copenhagen

56. Pedestrian Plaza - Copenhagen

57. Pedestrian Shopping Street - Winterthur

58. Widespread Photo Enforcement Not just a tool for motor vehicle safety Better motorist compliance with speed limits and traffic signals improves walking and biking safety 38 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

59. Traffic Safety Education Pervasive, widespread, ongoing education programs for children Participation from wide range of agencies and organizations Branded traffic safety campaigns 39 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

60. Traffic Garden - Winterthur

61. Encouragement Promotion was important for both mode share and safety goals Variety of programs and activities Route signing and maps Online travel planners Employer-sponsored programs (bike-to-work) Public health-sponsored programs Government marketing campaigns 41 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

62. Wayfinding Signs

63. Integration With Public Transport Plentiful, convenient bike parking at stations Bikes on trains & buses, even during peaks Bike rental or sharing near stations Channels/ramps on stairways for bike access 43 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

64. Bicycle Parking - Lund

65. Bicycle Parking – Sweden and Switzerland

66. Transit Center - Bern

67. Evaluation (Monitoring) Regular performance reports that measure progress toward policy goals Pedestrian and bicyclist mode share Pedestrian and bicyclist safety “Showcase” counters in highly visible location 47 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

68. Path Amenities - Sweden

69. A Different Attitude - Bern

70. The Alps - Bern

71. Wind Power - Sweden

72. Working Bikes - Copenhagen

73. Public Life

74. Recommended Implementation Establish policies that gives biking & walking modes highest priority in the road user hierarchy Collect transportation and land use policies and strategic plans Draft examples of successful policies 54 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

75. Recommended Implementation Develop & implement a performance reporting program that regularly measures progress toward stated goals Performance measure framework Data collection systems 55 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

76. Recommended Implementation Deploy engineering measures for pedestrian and bicyclist safety (under consideration) Passive detection Accessible confirmation for ped pushbuttons Crossing islands Raised crosswalks at unsignalizedped crossings Convex mirrors Advanced stop bars for bike lanes Separated facilities Bicyclist pavement markings 56 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

77. Recommended Implementation Evaluate engineering measures in US context (under consideration) Near side pedestrian signals Near side traffic signals at midblock pedestrian crossing Bike boxes Bicycle traffic signals 57 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

78. Recommended Implementation Evaluate applicability of lower-speed street design in commercial and residential areas Develop guidance on best practices for integrating biking and walking with public transit Review available TCRP synthesis/case studies 58 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

79. Recommended Implementation Institutionalize ongoing traffic safety education at an early age Unify all US traffic safety campaigns under a single national brand Promote the use of photo enforcement as a tool to improve pedestrian and bicyclist safety Develop & implement programs that encourage and enable regular walking and biking 59 Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

80. Next Steps Scan team identified numerous approaches Have already started implementation phase Will also rely on “champions” in the U.S. to implement policies and practices 60 WANTED: CHAMPIONS Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations

81. Implementation in Vermont Wider use of pedestrian refuges to enhance crossing safety Passive detection incorporated into ped signals Regional “Traffic Garden” for youth to practice on-road cycling skills Crash data/bike-ped count report Enhanced bicycle/public transit coordination Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations 61