1. Assessment of EnterobacteriaceaeFound in Juices Sold at Cagayan National Highschooland Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

2. CHAPTER I Background of the Study Objectives Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation

3. Records of PHO and CVMC show that there has been an increase in occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae-induced diseases. One factor that may be associated to the increase in number of cases is the continuous increase in the number of stalls and stores with inadequate sanitation The researchers will examine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in juice drinks, rather than in solid foods A. Background of the Study

4. Juice drinks will be taken from stalls and stores located within and nearby CSU-AC and CNHS If proven that Enterobacteriaceae exists in the juices, the researchers will determine if factors (other than hand washing) such as source of water, environmental condition, etc. may be the reason for the presence of the said organism in the juice drink It is therefore the researchers aim to prove that the growing number of stores and stalls is indeed associated to the increased cases of Enterobacteriaceae-induced diseases A. Background of the Study

5. B. Objectives General Objective: The study aims to determine the presence of Enterobacteria in juices sold at Cagayan National Highschool and Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus. Identify the different species of Enterobacteria such as E.coli, S. typhosa and S. dysenteriae present in juices sold by stores and stalls at Cagayan National Highschool and Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus. Specific Objectives:

6. 2. Compare the occurrence of the different Enterobacteria species. B. Objectives 3. Determine the factors associated to the occurrence of the different Enterobacteria species 4. Determine the extent of the vendor’s knowledge, practices, attitude towards proper sanitation and food handling

7. Department of Health Juice Vendors Students of CSU-AC and CNHS Other consumers C. Significance of the Study

8. The Researchers Future Student Researchers C. Significance of the Study

9. Enterobactericeae species: Salmonella typhosa Shigelladysenteriae Escherichia coli Stalls and stores within the vicinity of 30 meter radius from CNHS and CSU-AC Samples to be examined will be juice drinks that are manually prepared by the vendor regardless of its flavor, type (whether powdered or natural fruit juice) and source of water D. Scope and Delimitation

10. From a total of 30 stalls and stores, only 23 will be chosen from which samples will be taken and the vendors of each will be used as respondents to the questionnaires that will be administered. Three replications will be carried out McConkey Agar will be the culture media used IMVIC Reaction will be the biochemical test applied D. Scope and Delimitation

11. A. Paradigm B. Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II

12. A. The Paradigm Independent Variable Dependent Variable a. Juices sold by stores and stalls b. Water source c. Sanitation d. Vendor’s hygiene e. Food handling f. Environmental condition Growth of Enterobactriaceae in McConkey Agar

13. The presence of bacteria in food and water that every individual consumes could bring about undesirable effects such as diseases. Therefore, correct hand washing and proper food handling should be observed to eliminate the occurrence of these food borne diseases. Since most of food handlers or vendors are not well-educated regarding proper sanitation and proper hygiene, it is expected that their knowledge, practices and attitude contribute greatly to the transmission of Enterobacteria. B. Conceptual Framework

14. The paradigm shows both dependent and independent variables of which the factors such as juices, water source, sanitation, vendor’s hygiene, food handling, and environmental condition could bring about the growth of Enterobacteria in the culture media. Moreover, once proven that Enterobacteria are indeed present in any of the juices, it is assumed that consumers of such juices are at great risk of acquiring Enterobacteria-induced diseases; and it is also assumed that the environmental sanitation, and orientation of the vendor with regards to proper sanitation is unsatisfactory. B. Conceptual Framework

15. Research Design Locale of the Study Research Instrumentation Respondents and Sampling Method Collection and Processing of Data Statistical Tools For Data Analysis CHAPTER III

16. Descriptive-evaluative A. Research Design

17. This study will be conducted at Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus at the clinical laboratory of the College of Medical Technology B. Locale of the Study

18. For bacterial culture For IMVIC Reaction Spot Indole Test Methyl Red Test Voges-Proskauer Test Citrate Test Questionnaire C. Research Instrumentation

19. For Respondents: Non-probability Sampling Design Purposive Sampling Method For Juice Samples: Probability Sampling Design Simple Randomization Method D. Respondents and Sampling Method

20. Slovin’sFormula n=N/[1+N(e) 2] D. Respondents and Sampling Method

21. For the first three chapters: Letter to: Provicial Health Office (PHO) Cagayan Valley Medical Center (CVMC) Counting of stores and stalls Slovin’s Formula E. Collection and Processing of Data

22. For the Succeeding Chapters Labeling of the stores and stalls with the use of numbers Purchasing of juice drinks as samples Testing of Samples Measuring of sample Culturing Biochemical test Motility testing (Salmonella typhosa and Shigelladysenteriae) E. Collection and Processing of Data

23. Analysis of Variance Descriptive Statistics Rank F. Statistical Tools

24. THE END THANK YOU and GOD BLESS