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Comprehensive Report RNR Project
This Report is developed by SRSP Manshera Region under the supervision of Regional
program manager on completion of RNR project. This report covers SRSP contributions
after 2005 earthquake

Table of contents………………………….…Pages
1. Disaster statistics/map…………………………………………………...2
2. Background………………………………………………………………...2
3. Overview of districts………………………………………………….3to5
4. SRSP and Disaster management……………………………………….6
5. SRSP interventions…………………………………………………….….7
6. SRSP Relief operation …………………………………………………....8
7. RNR…………………………………………………………………..……….9
8. Project Objectives……………………………………………….…………9
9. Key Lesson Area……………………………………………………...……9
10. Institutional Framework for the RNR project……………………..…..9
11. Coordination & reporting mechanism…………………………………10
12. Implementing Strategy…………………………………………………....10
13. Leadership……………………………………………………………….….11
14. Trainings……………………………………………………………….…….12
15. Achievement…………………………………………………………….…..12
16. Comparison pre post Earthquake housing……………………………13
17. Comparison type of reconstructed Houses and ERRA design…….13
18. Bhatar, Masonry, Timber…………………………………………………..14
19. Process involved in reconstruction of house……………………........15
20. Reconstruction of houses and Topography of RNR project area….16
21. Vulnerable Cases……………………………………………………………17
22. Gulab Jan vulnerable Case …………………………………………..…..18
23. RNR Project Results………………………………………………………..19
24. RNR impact……………………………………………………………..........20
25. Issues in implementation of RNR Project………………………... 21to29
26. Challenges………………………………………………….……………..….30
27. Lesson learned……………………………………………………………....30
28. Source………………………………………………………….…………...…30

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Earthquake October 2005

Disaster 2005 NWFP & AJK Earth quake
Disaster Type Earthquake
Date of Occurrence 8-octuber 2005
Country Pakistan
Location NWFP&AJK
Magnitude 7.5
Epicenter Balakot
Displaced 3.5 million
Dead 73,338
Injured 128,304
Housing Destroyed 600,000

Earthquake area MAP of Manshera and Battagram

Background
. The 2005 earthquake is arguably the most debilitating natural disaster in Pakistan’s
history. According to Government of Pakistan figures, approximately 73,000 people had died and
more than 70,000 had been severely injured or disabled. Over 2.8 million persons have been left
without shelter; Nearly 600,000 houses were either totally destroyed or badly damaged,
And it is estimated that about 2.3 million persons are without adequate food. In affected areas of
both NWFP and AJK is highly diversified and includes densely populated as well as rugged
mountainous areas comprised of small scattered rural settlements. The victims were mainly from
already vulnerable groups, living in comparatively inaccessible mountain areas with lower levels
of income and service provision as compared to the national average. Women and children made
up a large share of the victims, as many women were caught unaware in houses when the
earthquake struck, and the collapse of school buildings resulted in the deaths of many children

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Brief overview of districts where SRSP respond to earthquake

Manshera

M
a
n
s
h Mansehra District of NWFP consists of three tehsils – Mansehra, Oghi, and Balakot and provincially administers tribal area
e (PATA) of Kala Dhaka. The District is located from 34º - 14´ to 35º - 11´ north latitudes and 72º - 49´ to 74º - 08´east longitudes.
r Its total area is 4,579 square kilometers.Mansehra makes its boundary on the north to Kohistan and Battagram districts, on the east
a to Muzaffarabad district of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, on the south to Abbottabad and Haripur districts and on the west to Shangla
and Buner districts.Mansehra was a large district with a total area of 4,579 sq km. According to 1998 Census Report its total
population is 1,152,839 with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. The other socioeconomic indicators were; life expectancy 63
years, household size 6.7 persons, literacy rate 36.3and disabled population 1.6%. Most of the population (84.3%) had their own
houses. Only 32.1% of the population has the facility of drinking water inside their homes. The growth in the social sector could not
be gauged accurately due to inconsistency in data. However, there is slight growth in the education institutions. The number of
higher secondary schools increased from 13 to 16, high schools from 96 to 105, middle schools from 160 to 179during the period of
1998 to 2005. As far community/public health facilities are concerned, there is no significant increase over the period from 1998 to
2005.
Mansehra District was the worst affected district of NWFP in the earthquake in terms of human losses and destruction of physical
infrastructure. According to district government 15,997 persons died while 9,903 were injured due to earthquake. Besides the loss
of precious human lives, the number of housing units destroyed due to disaster was also implacably higher. As many as 108,283
housing units were completely destroyed and 34,001 partially damaged. Balakot city, which is part of Mansehra District, was
located on the fault line. Due to this it has been declared RED ZONE and plan is made to relocate it to a new place called
Bakriyal.Education sector faced very heavy damages in terms of buildings. Besides, loss of lives of the students and teachers was
unimaginably higher. There were 935 institutions recorded as fully damaged and some 624 were partially damaged in the
earthquake. The district has suffered a significant loss of livelihood due to the earthquake that has caused damage to the land, crops,
livestock, and infrastructure.Mansehra District is dominated by high mountains, varying in elevation from 200 metersin the south to
over 4500 meters above sea level in the north. The famous Babusar pass is Situated on the north-eastern boundary of the district.
The Nanga Parbat Mountain is Located about 40 kilometers from the north eastern boundary of the district. The climate is cold in
much winter and pleasantly warm in summer. The northern part like Kaghan valley is cold in summer and extremely cold in winter
and it receives heavy snow fall. District has two distinct seasons; the summer season which lasts from April to September and
winter season which is from October to March. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during the month of June are about
35° C and 21° C respectively. During the coldest month of January, the mean maximum and minimum temperatures are 14° C and
2° C.There are two cropping seasons in the district. One is called ‘Kharif’ which ranges from May to September. Maize, rice and
seasonal vegetables are grown in this season. Second is called ‘Rabi’ which ranges from the month of October to March. Wheat,
peas and other seasonal vegetables are grown in this season. Due to favorable climatic conditions, the district is rich in vegetables
and fruit. Cabbage, carrot and reddish in vegetables and peaches, plums and pears in fruit are grown in the area. District Manshera
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is rich in flora. A variety of herbs is found throughout the district.
Many of these herbs are used for medicinal purposes. These include Gaultheria, Khtmi, Musli Sufead, Kadpai, Thandibotti, Sumal,
Kakul, Ispaghol, Patris, Manira, Chora, Banafsha, Bantol, Chau, Kuthi Raisha Khatmi and Nera. A large variety of fauna is also
available in the district. This includes leopard, porcupine, black bear, monal; koklas pheasant, jackal, wild goat, brown bear, wolf
and other migratory birds.Mujahideen led by Syed Ahmad Ali again by 1930 and captured some Mujahideen were defeated.
Afterwards. There are two major rivers in the district known as River Kunhar and River Siran. River Siran passes through the
Pakhal valley and irrigates major part of the land. River Kunharstarts from lake Saiful-Muluk and after falling some congruent paths
reaches Balakot and Garhi Habibullah from where it turns to Muzaffarabad. It then meets River Neelum. Mansehra District has
natural resources that are extracted from mines. In Kaghan, ores of paradox, whereas in Oghi and Battal ores of graphite have been
discovered. Important Places The district is very famous from tourism point of view. The main tourist sites in the district include
Baffa, Dadar, Balakot, Kaghan Valley, Oghi, Shogran, Naran and then famous lake Saiful-Muluk. Besides, the famous shrines of
Shah Ahmad Shaheed and Shah Ismail Shaheed, who fought the battle with Sikhs in 19th century, Out of the total district
population, 1,091,463 (94.7%) is living in rural areas. The maleto female sex ratio in rural and urban areas of the district is 98 and
106 respectively. This higher sex ratio in urban areas could be due to sex selective migration to these areas. The disabled population
constitutes 1.6% of the total population. Among them almost two-third is male and one-third is female. The literacy rate of District
Mansehra is 36.3%. It is 50.9% for male and 22.7% for female. The literacy rate is much higher in urban areas as compared to rural
areas both for male and female i.e. 44.3% and 19.9% for urban and rural areas, respectively. For the total population aged 18 years
and above, 67.2% has attained National Identity Cards. The rate is 81.8% for male and 54.3% for female. Rural and Urban
population share, in this regards, is 66% and 79% respectively. As far the type of construction, 62.6% rural and 79.8% urban
housing units are build with backed bricks, blocks or stones, whereas 34.5% rural and 17.8% urban housing units are build with un-
backed bricks. Only 1.4% are build with wood or bamboo. According to 1998 District Census Report, there are 34.4% housing units
having one room, 61.4% with 2-4 rooms and 4.2% with five and more rooms. At average one housing unit has 2.1 rooms and there
are 6.7 persons per housing unit.

Housing Sector
i. Extent of Damages
Private housing sector suffered a huge loss in the district; as many as 108,283 (71%)houses were completely
damaged/destroyed(CD) and 34,001 (22%) were partially damaged(PD) while 10,673 (7%) were negligibly damaged(NSD)
Battagram

The District Battagram is situated at latitude 34.40 and longitude 73.1, surrounded by Kohistan District to the north, Mansehra
District to the east, Kala Dhaka tribal area to the south and Shangla District to the west. Its headquarter is at Battagram town at a
distance of about 75 Km from Mansehra on the Silk Highway. The district consists of two tehsils, Battagram and Allai. It has a
number of beautiful valleys. The district covers an area of 350,172 acres (excluding the 930 sq. km unsettled area of Chor pastures).
The district is mostly mountainous with peaks rising above 4000 meters with thick forests. However, fertile plain areas exist in
Nindhyar, Tijri Deshan, Batamori, Banna and Rashang valleys. Plenty of springs and streams flow through out the district,
providing water for drinking and irrigation. There are two main streams (locally called Khawar) i.e. the Nindhyar Khawar and Allai

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Khawar. Nindhyar Khawar originates in the mountains of “Hill” and after flowing through the main village joins Indus River at
Thakot in the east. The other big stream, the Allai Khawar originates in Chaur Mountains and joins the Indus River a Kund in the
east. Climate in Battagram is moderate in summer and severe cold in winter. Upper parts of the district especially Shamlai, Hill and
Bilandkot of Battagram Tehsil and Sorgai, Rashand, Gangwal, Bateela and Pashto Batangi of Allai Tehsil receive heavy snow fall.
Chaur is snow bound and inaccessible for eight months in the year. According to the 1998 Census, Battagram District had a
population of 307,278 and an average annual growth rate of -0.58%. The average household size of the district is 6.6 persons.
Whole of the district comprised of rural areas. There are 158,563 male while the numbers of female are 148,715. Sex ratio of the
district is recorded as 106.6.The disabled persons constitute 1.36% of the total districts population. Male and female Disabled
persons are 0.88% and 1.81% respectively of the total population. The literacy rate among male and female is 29.40% and 6.48%
respectively. The labor force participation rate is 33.93%. Male and female labor force participation is 64.45% and 0.01%
respectively, showing the predominance of males over the females. Of the total population at the age of 18 years and above, 62.05%
held National I/D
Cards. The rate is 75.78% for males and 48.04% for females. According to 1998 Census reports there are round about 46557
housing units in District Battagram. Among them 43% were single room houses while 37.87% were double room houses. As for the
type of construction, 65.41% housing units were built with baked bricks, blocks or stones whereas 29.02% housing units are build
with unbaked bricks and 2.67% are building with wood or bamboo.

The People
B Most of the inhabitants are Swaties. Other major tribes in the area are Gujar, Akhunkhel, Mada khel, Syeds and Quresh
a Roads
tt There is a total of 369 km road network in the valleys. The Karrakuram Highway or the Silk Highway enters the district at
a Sharkool, Mansehra and leaves it at Thakot. The major roads in the district are Battagram-shamlai, Batagram-Oghi, Battagram
g Paimal Sharif and Chattar- Kuzabanda road.
r Administration
a The district is divided into two tehsils Battagram and Allai. Generally for every major Administrative Department, there is a District
m In-Charge named as Executive District Officer. In Battagram the judicial system is based on the Criminal Procedure Code and the
Civil Procedure Code as in many parts of the country. However, the region, being tribal in nature, still holds the traditions of Jirga
system and many serious issues are mostly resolved by Jirga. The Police Department is headed by the District Police Officer. The
whole district is covered by six Police Stations, three Police Posts and two Patrolling Posts.
Important Places
At an altitude of about 3000 meters located in Allai Tehsil and bordering with the remote of Kohistan and Kaghan valley of
Mansehra, plane pastures of Chor are regions known for the extra ordinary beauty that reveals in the few months of summer when
the snow melts, waiting for William word worth eyes write its beauty in his words The area is inaccessible by road and needs a day
or two of feet walk uphill to reach Chor.
Human lives loss
The loss of human lives in Battagram was 3564 whereas 3799 persons were injured. According to information provided by the
District Government Battagram, an amount of Rs. 344.100 million has been paid as compensation for deaths and Rs. 74.025 million
as compensation to the injured in the district.
Housing Sector
Extent of Damages
Private housing sector suffered a huge loss in the district; as many as 51105 (83%) houses were completely damaged/destroyed and
8537 (14%) were partially damaged while 1856 (3%) were negligibly damaged

Special note
A majority of the deaths during the earthquake occurred due to near instantaneous collapse of poorly constructed
buildings and homes – 80 percent of all the buildings that collapsed were katcha (temporary) houses in rural areas
which had been built without any element of seismic resistance

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SRSP and Disaster management
SRSP is working on poverty reduction in rural areas of NWFP and FATA, SRSP mission and vision is to reduce poverty
through people participation .2005 earth quake hit nwfp and caused huge damage to life and property of the disaster
prone communities. SRSP manage this disaster in most professional manner in spite of the fact that her past expertise
are in Micro finance and Social mobilization. It was her first experience to respond Earthquake. srsp immediately after
the earthquake decided to take part in earthquake response and this change in srsp strategy not only build capacity of
the organization but also benefited already srsp organized communities, this tilt toward disaster management open new
windows for organization in Swat and FATA,RNR experienced staff played important role in IDPs operations and relief
activates in war prone area of swat .Chief Executive officer srsp visionary leadership play key role in developing srsp as
a disaster management base organization and his leadership open new window of opportunities for organization.
Role of SRSP in earthquake.
Many organization and army are the part of disaster management activities, but the area allocated to srsp painted far
better picture as compare to the area where other organization are working ,this difference is because of two factors,
first srsp pre earthquake presence in the area and secondly srsp participatory approach .

SRSP approach for 2005 earthquake
SRSP modified its participatory approach into approach of community participation in disaster management (CBDRA);
involve local communities in Relief, recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation, ensure effective participation of key
stakeholders, especially the poor. For that very reason, CBDRM which is a locally-motivated process is an obvious
approach to address the core issues of the disaster; Communities should be the first one to be well-prepared for
response and mitigation. We understand that earthquake is public events, as people within the same geographical
communities usually face the same hazards and risks to assets and life. Therefore, they share the same objectives of
disaster risk management. When disaster happens, it is always the communities at risk need to take the immediate
response until external emergency aids come. Keeping in view of above concept srsp involve local community in all
level of relief and RNR project and turn this difficult task into reality

SRSP follows three core processes

1 Poorest groups are given equal rights
SRSP specially focus on poverty reduction and give special treatment to poor and declared them vulnerable.
2 Engaging local people in decision making
Engaging local people in decision making srsp formed community organization and let people to decide how they
priorities their needs through meetings and resolutions. SRSP organized communities at house hold, village and union
council’s levels in (CO, VO, LSO) and these bodies provide plate for sustainable development and these organized
communities now approaching other donor organization and NGOs for their development and betterment.
3 Produced community leaders
Produced activist or community leaders for community base management and development.

SRSP interventions in managing 2005 earthquake

Relief
(Distribution of relief, Establish tent villages)

Early recovery
(build Shelter houses, shelters schools, livestock’s shelter)

Reconstruction & rehabilitation (RNR)
(Reconstruction of houses, rehabilitation of infrastructure)

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SRSP Relief operation


SRSP Relief operation with USA army US Ambassador RC Crooker with srsp team

Damaged school Reconstructed School
 Distribute Relief Goods
 Established Tent villages
 Build semi permanent Shelter
 Rebuild earthquake resistant Schools, Tents, semi permanent, permanent schools
.

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RNR
Project Damage assessment and reconstruction of houses according to ERRA policy ,Rehabilitation of CPIs
Objectives
Key Lesson Protection of women’s and vulnerable groups rights by reconstruction of their houses by SRSP team
Area with support of VRC
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE RNR PROJECT
SRSP
INSTITUTION
AL
FRAMEWOR
K FOR THE
RNR
PROJECT

Head office

Regional office

DRU

RRU

Senior engineer IT Officer

SMT

Team leader

Social organizer

Engineer

KPO

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Coordination
& reporting Coordination & reporting mechanism
mechanism

SMT PPAF

Reporting cycle Region

RRU

DRU

Implementing Strategy
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) in 15 Union Councils where they had a pre-
earthquake Presence, along with implementing partner SRSP carried out reconstruction of houses,
the government approved a housing grant of Rs. 175,000 for each beneficiary. The grant was
Implementing formulated based on reconstructing a house on an area between 250 to 400 sq. ft. An initial grant of
Strategy Rs. 25,000 was paid to cover phase. The balance of Rs. 150,000 – to be utilized for the
reconstruction of a permanent house – was paid in three installments. Those with partially damaged
houses received an initial Rs. 25,000 for meeting immediate shelter needs, and Rs. 50,000 for
restoration and retrofitting. Grant money was directly transferred to over 50000 bank accounts
opened in the both districts for beneficiaries. Payments of Rs 150000 were made to house holds whose
dwellings were completely or partially destroyed in three installments. Under the owner-driven approach, home
owners were provided with a financial grant (PD 75000 and CD 150000) Earthquake resistant house. for
reconstructing or retrofitting their houses, and were encouraged to employ their own labor

Type of Rural support program
Organization
Project Period June 2006 to March 2010
Contributors SRSP PPAF ERRA, World bank, KFW.

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RNR Leadership
Leadership
&
Management

Masood ul
muluk (CEO)
SRSP

Kamran
Akbar(COO)
PPAF

SHakeel
Ahmad
(RPM)

Momana
Sanam(coor
dt NWFP)

Provide
leadership
and
SRSP CHIEF
management
for RNR
project

PPAF COO RPM

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Trainings Trainings

SRSP skilled worker training at CTU SRSP community orientation training to house owners

Training of 25000 Skilled worker
(Masons, Carpenter, steel fixer)

CTU
SRSP setup Community training units (CTU) at union council level and trained 25000 skill and semi skilled
worker to meet the shortage of skilled labor for reconstruction of houses,

Community orientation training
As a result of owner-driven, in-situ, seismic-resistant reconstruction, 62 thousands of home owners
have been, and continue to be, sensitized and technically enabled to reconstruct their present and
future homes according to seismic-resistant construction standards. The benefits of this shift towards
seismic-resistant construction techniques and technologies resulted extension in project period.
Achievement
Achievement

 Paid compensation of 150000 to 56020 house owners in three installment

Village Reconstruction committee(VRC )

 Formalization of a community-based approach to solving problems through creation of VRCs.
 Confidence-building of communities through involvement in the reconstruction process under the
owner-driven model.
 . Protection of women’s and vulnerable groups rights through reconstruction of houses of women and
vulnerable sections of the population
 Reconstruction of safe houses
Collective action: House owner were encouraged to work as a group in managing the construction for
example in joint procurement and transport of building material which reduce the cost of reconstruction

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Considerabl Comparison pre post Earthquake housing
e Change

Pre earthquake katcha housing p Post earthquake houses
Comparison type of reconstructed Houses against ERRA design
Bhatar

Bhatar house bhater design
Bhatar is a traditional construction system consisting of stone masonry with horizontal timber
reinforcement bands. These bands (with cross pieces) act as seismic bands which prevent the walls
from falling apart in an earthquake. Proper connection of the timber elements is critical for safety
Masonry

masonry house Masonry design
Bricks, Block, or Stone arranged systematically & bedded together in mortar to form homogenous
mass capable of with standing & transmitting force with out failure is called brick, Block or Stone
masonry accordingly.
 Reinforced Masonry
 Confined Masonry

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Timber

Timber House Timber design
Timber frame (Dhajji) construction is traditional in parts of the affected district. There are regional variations
in the technique including different bracing patterns.
 The posts, sub posts and spacing should be considered to allow versions that provide equivalent
structural strength: 4” x 4” at 4 ft spacing, equals to 4” x 2” at 2 ft spacing.
 Bracing should be balanced in both directions, making small even-sized panels

Roofs

Roof Roof design

Light pitched roof is much better than a flat heavy roof; heavy roofs caused huge damage to life of
victims of 2005 earthquake.

Compliance ratio 93%

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Process Process involved in reconstruction of house

Damage assessment Plinth Level

Wall Level Reconstructed hose

 Reconstruction of 56020 houses in two district according to above process

 Paid 150000 to each house owner in three installment (75000-25000-5000)

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Reconstructi
on of houses
and
Topography
of RNR
project area

Picture showing reconstruction in village battangi union council Pashto tehsil Allai,100%
newly reconstructrd houses


 SRSP mountain area reconstruction of houses with shining CGI sheets Roofs

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How we treated vulnerable

How we help
320
Vulnerable
cases

GULAB JAN ONE OF THE VULNERABLE CASE

Gulab jan is a poor widow living in village Timbri union council Sum alli mung Teshil Manshera ,Her
husband Akram Khan was died in 2005 earth quake, She have three daughters and a son , She
have no resources to rebuild her house, SRSP declared her a vulnerable and reconstruct her
house with the support of village reconstruction committee (VRC).

Name Gulab jan
U/C Sum Alhi mung
Village Timbri
MOU No 274524

SMT 6 with support of village reconstruction committee (VRC) reconstruct Gulab Jan house ,
Engineer Qasir Abasi provide technical support and social organizer Javed and Ifthkar mobilized
community to reconstruct her house as model house of village
SRSP team declared her house model house of village timbri and reconstruction of house completed
prior to others. This collaborated effort of srsp team and Local community bring back the shelter to
poor widow and her children’s, ERRA deputy chairman General Nadeem and other visitor also
visited her house. Now she is living a happy life with her children’s in safe earthquake resistance
house.

Srsp adopt same process to all vulnerable

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Damage house Gulab Jan

Plinth level Wall level

Reconstructed house of Gulab jan Gulab jan children’s studying with new hope

Thank you SRSP Dept chairman ERRA Visit to Gulab Jan house

Same process was applied to 320 vulnerable cases

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PROJECT RESULTS
Housing Subsidy

Total damage 62,927 100%
Assessment

Total Eligible for 61,106 97%
Compensation

Total Houses 60,661 99%
Compensated

RNR Progress Report Manshera & Battagram
Districts UCs CD PD NSD SMTs
Manshera 11 44719 2669, 1357 38
Battagram 4 11696 1577 301 12

RRU Wise Detail OF Assessment SRSP

Land
Total Total Red VULENA
RRU Union Council Total CD Slide
Assessment PD Zone RABLE
Dist Risk
Bhugarmung 2648 2012
SUM Elahi
Shinkiari Mung 3125 2018 1123 96
Sachan Kalan 3663 3417
Jabbori 4183 3840
Total 13619 11287 0 0
Mansehra

Ichrian 5333 4308
Battal Jabbar 5029 4846 706 39
Hill kot 4761 3650
Total 15123 12804 0 0
Garlat 5624 5583 2345
Satbani 5384 5360
Balakot 2459 147
Ganool 6053 5990
Kewai 3212 3215
Total 20273 20148 2669 2345
Bania 2863 2863
Battagram 21
Battagram

Peshora 1683 1683
Total 4546 4546 0 0
Sakar Gah 3839 3839
Allai 17
Pashtoo 3396 3396
Total 7235 7235 1577 0
Grand Total 60796 56020 4246 2345 4298 320

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CPIs Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation of almost 283 communities built and maintained small infrastructure schemes in 11 UCs of Mansehra and 4 UCs
of Battagram.

Cost Shares in Million Disbursement Projects Beneficiary Physical
No of (million) Completed HHs in and
Projects Total PPAF CO in Nos. Nos. Financial
Initiated Progress
%

283 283 283 0 163 283 50,487 95 and
95%

RNR Impact
 Produce 25000 skilled workers (Mason, carpenter, steel fixer) who now earn their living through these
skills.
 Reduce poverty in the area
 Improved living standard of people
 Bring awareness among people about different hazards
 Bring social change , social capital and economics activity in area
 Create employment opportunities
 Build capacity of public private organizations
 Bring life back to normalcy after major disaster
 Turn disaster into opportunity for affected communities
 Build better safe earthquake resistance houses
 Bring wisdom and knowledge about earthquake

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ISSUES DURING IMPLEMENTION OF RNR PROJECT

1. Land Sliding

8th Of Earth Quake Change Land Steta Resulted Land Sliding,, almost 5000 houses were declared landslide risk houses by srsp
teams

2. Bad Weather

Rain Fall Resulted Land Slides, Roads Blocked, and failure Of Telephone and Electricity, which caused real
problems for field teams

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3. Absconder

Remote mountain area Which Allow Criminal to hide them self In Mountains, many Absconder Demanded
Cheaques and Threaten Survey Team.

4. Armed Community

People of Allai traditionally love to Carry Weapons in Daily Life. Which Resulted Physiological Pressure for
Teams.

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5. Narrow Paths

Earth quake destroyed tracks leading to different villages and localities, on the other hand area is mountainous and
walking tracks are narrow and steep difficult for traveling

6. Road Blocked

All the Roads Received land Slides And Blocked On Daily Bases Which Also Disconnect Teams field activates and
Communication

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7. Fraud and Misrepresentation

Fraud And Misrepresentation Is Common Among them This Behavior of Community Resulted many Problems for
Survey Teams.

8. Political Pressure

MPA shah Hussein with srsp team
Political elites want Gain from Compensation and Takes Keen Interest in Survey, Also Put Political Pressure on
Survey Teams for Undue Favor.

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9. Illegal Occupation
Disputes Are Common Among Tribes they Killed Each other on Minor Issues And It Is Common Practice In Area
That One Party Committed Murder Leave The Area And Deceased Party Occupied His Land. Many Cases Of Such
Nature Came To Us Where Illegal Occupation Exist And Occupant With Out Ownership Of House Demanded
Compensation.

10. Threats

11. Multiple Cheaques

Many people received Multiple Cheaques of Rs.25000/ by fraud on Single House Demanded Compensation without a
House, they Create Misperception among Community against one roof one compensation policy.

12. Injures

Survey Teams receive serious Injures during Assessment. Engineer Junaid Fall Down From The Mountain and Badly
Injured Latter on Resigned. Field Staff Received Injures Almost everyday

13. Fitness

Most of Staff is fresh and from plain area and cities face fitness problems in mountains

14. Diseases
Survivors of disaster were under tents which created unhygienic environment resulted
Diseases in staff

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15. Tribal Disputes

. Different Tribes Lives Side by Side and those tribes have Internal Ethnical disputes. They Misguided Teams to
deprive the Rivals Tribes from compensation.

18 Accessibility

Some villages are far-flung, Mountainous, steep and there is no road access, the walking tracks are also narrow and
destroyed due to earthquake, which made our task much harder.
Teams cover distance in two or three days by foot to reached the assessment area

19 After Shocks
Continuous after Shocks resulting land sliding create risk for safety of field staff

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21. Forge Documents

Many People Put Forward Forge Documents i.e. NOC, LOC, ID Cards, Revenue Record for Compensation Which
Confuse and Mislead the Teams.

22. Tenant Owner Issue

Tenant owner issues are complex and cause real problems during all stages of RNR project

23. Lack Of Communication

In far-flung remote Areas Survey Teams Stayed in for many days without any Communication with Base Office
Which Cause Delay in Reports and coordination

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24. Scatter Population

Population in upstream UCs is Scatter even in many cases teams spend full day for survey of single House.

25. Dangerous Roads

Road Leading to different area is Dangerous for Traveling Only Four Wheel Vehicles can be Drive on these roads.

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26 Government Representative

Government Representation Work with our teams are local people Reservation about their influences and political affiliation, which
also creates many problems and hurdles in our work. And affect our impartiality

27 Court cases
Most major issues during RNR project was court cases, thousands of Cases registered in courts of law where
people challenged the decisions of srsp teams and also file suits against each other which create delay in payments of
compensation.

28 Security
Due to the geo political situation of the country security is main issue during RNR project, SRSP office at Allai was
burnt to ashes by terrorist , same situation developed many times during this project resulted delay in time frames of
the project.

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Challenges 1. Unified, Complex and Static ERRA Policies Difficult to implement in Mountain Area of Allai.
2. Damage assessment with a variety of different aims and objectives becomes very complicated,

 Re-assessment and handling of complaints takes a lot more time than it needs to be
 ERRA guidelines were not received at the time of construction Changes in design of
construction
 ERRA guidelines – as they found the information provided difficult to understand.
 Damage assessment is a mammoth task, and often requires specialist knowledge, but the
assessment teams are rarely fully aware of this.
3 Traditional society rigid to accept new modern design(eg Allai Bhater construction)
4.It is insufficient for rebuilding or mending houses by the subsidy of Rs150000

5. No Extra Subsidies for projects supporting the rebuilding of houses for the aged people
(Vulnerable)

6.Owner tenant property issues
7.Removal of Debris waste generated by the earthquake
8.Land and property issues
9.Security Issues
Lessons 1. There is no unity in the different criteria that are used in damage assessment, resulted
Learned divergence in survey results. This leads to Dissatisfaction among the disaster
victims.(Army &SRSP)

2. The information used in the damage assessment comes from a Variety of sources,
Revenues department, House owners, fixed asset reports, resident, ID cards, etc., and
this naturally causes mismatches and delay in survey
.
3. Dispersiment of Compensation in three installment Waste time and recourses and
create dissatisfaction amongst victims.

Source Name Organization Date

Manshera SRSP March 27, 2010
Region
Note: this report contain Data and information from SRSP MIS, RNR project and 1998
census report, ERRA, PERA,
Extent of Damages - Housing Sector
Destroyed Partially Damaged Negligible Damaged

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