The document discusses the challenges facing the European airline industry after 2001, including massive losses for major airlines. It then outlines how Aer Lingus addressed the crisis by implementing radical cost reductions of over €190 million or 16% of costs, cutting staff by 33%, lowering fares, and simplifying operations. As a result, Aer Lingus has seen increased passenger numbers and load factors, higher profits, and improved financial position despite a challenging market.