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Johann Sebastian Bach


Johann Sebastian Bach was born in May 21, 1685 in Eisenach, Germany

to a family of musicians. His parents were Johann Ambrosius, court

trumpeter and town musician in Eisenach and mother Maria Elisabetha.

From an early age Bach was taught by his father to play the harpsichord

and violin. His four other brothers were also great musicians in their own

right.

An excellent father and devoted husband, Bach married Maria Barbara

in 1707 and together they had seven children. After her unexpected

death Bach decided to marry again, this time to Anna Magdalena, with

whom he had thirteen more children. His surviving sons became

successful composers, namely, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach and Johann

Sebastian.

Bach held many positions over the course of his life as musical director

and chief composer for several different churches. His final and most

important position was cantor (choir leader) of St. Thomas’ Church in

Leipzig. His wide musical tastes and experiences gave him an artistic

background that later influenced his compositions.

A devout German Lutheran, his focus was on bringing glory to God

through his Christian and secular music, not to himself. This faith

greatly influenced his work, as the vast majority of his music was written

for the church.
He died July 28, 1750 at the age of 65 in Leipzig, after suffering from a

    stroke and severe fever. His body was buried in St. John’s cemetery in

    Leipzig. He left behind a legacy in which he “summarized his art, his life's

    work in which he had, by general recognition, brought baroque musical

    forms to the peak of their development.”


                         Contributions& Compositions


   Father of the baroque musical era

       Nearly all music today is traceable back to Bach’s melodic and

       rhythmic ideas.

       -   Compositional, complex, mathematical style.

       -   Made frequent use of counterpoint and religious and numerological

           symbols in his compositions.

   Wrote an estimated 280 sacred cantatas and 30 secular cantatas.

   Composed 7 motets, four of which were for double chorus (A musical

    composition for a divided choir)


                              Most Famous Works


           The Mass in B Minor

           The Canonic Variations

           The Goldberg Variations

           The Musical Offering

           The Art of Fugue
Baroque


“Baroque music expresses order, the fundamental order of the universe. Yet it

is always lively and tuneful. Music reflects the mood of the times, then as now

                        as always.” – Michael Sartorius


     The baroque period is where the essential language of music was defined

      – many later composers would return to Bach’s music to study, play, and

      compose their own fugue works or “adapt” the works of previous baroque

      composers.

     The complexity of baroque music glorified the heavens as well as the

      composers who studied and perfected its art.

     Instruments as well as music were developed in the baroque era; from

      organs, harpsichords, keyboards, violins and other stringed instruments,

      and the developments of the first fortepianos.

     Bach’s musical direction was influenced by the several courts he worked

      for. He combined the different forms and styles of baroque and perfected

      them, bringing the baroque style(s) to their greatest heights of mastery.


                                        Styles


     Baroque: “Of or relating to a dramatic style of art and music that was

      common in the 17th and early 18th centuries, and featured many

      decorative parts and details.”

     Canon: “A piece of music in which the same melody is started at different

      times by each of the different groups of voices or instruments.”
   Fugue: “A piece of music in which tunes are repeated in complex

    patterns.

   Counterpoint: “A combination of two or more melodies that are played

    together.”

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Johann Sebastian Bach

  • 1. Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach was born in May 21, 1685 in Eisenach, Germany to a family of musicians. His parents were Johann Ambrosius, court trumpeter and town musician in Eisenach and mother Maria Elisabetha. From an early age Bach was taught by his father to play the harpsichord and violin. His four other brothers were also great musicians in their own right. An excellent father and devoted husband, Bach married Maria Barbara in 1707 and together they had seven children. After her unexpected death Bach decided to marry again, this time to Anna Magdalena, with whom he had thirteen more children. His surviving sons became successful composers, namely, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach and Johann Sebastian. Bach held many positions over the course of his life as musical director and chief composer for several different churches. His final and most important position was cantor (choir leader) of St. Thomas’ Church in Leipzig. His wide musical tastes and experiences gave him an artistic background that later influenced his compositions. A devout German Lutheran, his focus was on bringing glory to God through his Christian and secular music, not to himself. This faith greatly influenced his work, as the vast majority of his music was written for the church.
  • 2. He died July 28, 1750 at the age of 65 in Leipzig, after suffering from a stroke and severe fever. His body was buried in St. John’s cemetery in Leipzig. He left behind a legacy in which he “summarized his art, his life's work in which he had, by general recognition, brought baroque musical forms to the peak of their development.” Contributions& Compositions  Father of the baroque musical era Nearly all music today is traceable back to Bach’s melodic and rhythmic ideas. - Compositional, complex, mathematical style. - Made frequent use of counterpoint and religious and numerological symbols in his compositions.  Wrote an estimated 280 sacred cantatas and 30 secular cantatas.  Composed 7 motets, four of which were for double chorus (A musical composition for a divided choir) Most Famous Works The Mass in B Minor The Canonic Variations The Goldberg Variations The Musical Offering The Art of Fugue
  • 3. Baroque “Baroque music expresses order, the fundamental order of the universe. Yet it is always lively and tuneful. Music reflects the mood of the times, then as now as always.” – Michael Sartorius  The baroque period is where the essential language of music was defined – many later composers would return to Bach’s music to study, play, and compose their own fugue works or “adapt” the works of previous baroque composers.  The complexity of baroque music glorified the heavens as well as the composers who studied and perfected its art.  Instruments as well as music were developed in the baroque era; from organs, harpsichords, keyboards, violins and other stringed instruments, and the developments of the first fortepianos.  Bach’s musical direction was influenced by the several courts he worked for. He combined the different forms and styles of baroque and perfected them, bringing the baroque style(s) to their greatest heights of mastery. Styles  Baroque: “Of or relating to a dramatic style of art and music that was common in the 17th and early 18th centuries, and featured many decorative parts and details.”  Canon: “A piece of music in which the same melody is started at different times by each of the different groups of voices or instruments.”
  • 4. Fugue: “A piece of music in which tunes are repeated in complex patterns.  Counterpoint: “A combination of two or more melodies that are played together.”