2. Joints (Articulations)
• Weakest parts of the skeleton
• Articulation – site where two or more
bones meet
• Functions of joints
– Give the skeleton mobility
– Hold the skeleton together
3. Classification of Joints:
Structural
• Material binding bones together and
whether or not a joint cavity is present
• The three structural classifications are:
1. FibrousSutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses
2. Cartilaginous cartilage
3. Synovial has a joint cavity
4. Classification of Joints:
Functional
• Amount of movement allowed by the joint
• The three functional classes of joints are:
1. Synarthroses – immovable (sutures)
2. Amphiarthroses – slightly movable (sternum)
3. Diarthroses – freely movable
9. Synovial Joints
• Those joints in which the articulating
bones are separated by a fluid-containing
joint cavity
• All are freely movable Diarthroses
• Examples – all limb joints
13. Angular Movement
• Flexion — bending movement that
decreases the angle of the joint
• Extension — reverse of flexion; joint angle
is increased
• Dorsiflexion- flexing foot, up movement of
the foot
• Plantar flexion — Pointing toe, down
movement of foot
16. Angular Movement
• Abduction — movement away from the
midline
• Adduction — movement toward the
midline
• Circumduction — movement describes a
cone in space
27. Problems with ligaments
• The ligaments can be stretched or torn
• Partially torn ligaments slowly repair
themselves
• Completely torn ligaments require prompt
surgical repair
