The document discusses the history and development of 22 important inventions: electricity, light bulb, computers, internet, email, steam engine, automobile, aircraft, mobile phone, telephone, television, robots, gaming consoles, digital camera, gun, refrigerator, ATM, radio, printing press, bar code, calculator, and microwave oven. For each invention, it provides background on key inventors and early developments that helped advance the technology.

1. Prepared By:-
Er. Rahul Kumar Verma
(Electrical)

2. 1. ELECTRICITY
 Today we can’t imagine our life without electricity.
Everything we use is operated with electricity.
 Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means
of providing energy means it can be put to an
almost limitless set of applications which
include transport, heating, lighting, communicatio
ns, and computation. Electrical power is the
backbone of modern industrial society.
 The word electricity is from the New
Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like", coined in the year
1600 from the Greek ήλεκτρον (electron)
meaning amber, because electrical effects were
produced classically by rubbing amber.

3.  Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on
electricity in the 18th century, as documented by
Joseph Priestley (1767) History and Present Status of
Electricity, with whom Franklin carried on extended
correspondence.

4. 2. LIGHT BULB
 One of the important invention that
brightens millions of houses and
buildings.
 The bulb itself works by transmitting
electricity through a wire with high
resistance known as a filament. The
waste energy created by the resistance
is expelled as heat and light.

5.  Thomas Alva Edison
(February 11, 1847 –
October 18, 1931) was
an American inventor and b
usinessman.
 He developed many devices
that greatly influenced life
around the world, including
the phonograph, the motion
picture camera, and a long-
lasting, practical
electric light bulb.
 The coastal steamship
Columbia became the first
application for the light bulb
in 1880. It sank after colliding
with a schooner off California
in 1907.

6. 3. COMPUTERS
 Computers have drastically
changed our lives and open the
gates to new emerging world of
endless possibilities.
 They are able to make
complicated mathematical
calculations at an incredible rate
of speed and when they operate
under the instructions of skilled
programmers, they can
accomplish amazing feats.

7.  The Jacquard loom, on display at the Museum of
Science and Industry in Manchester, England, was
one of the first programmable devices.

8. 4. INTERNET
 The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
to serve several billion users worldwide. It is
a network of networks that consists of
millions of
private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, of local to global
scope, that are linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries an
extensive range of information resources
and services, such as the inter-
linked hypertext documents of the World
Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to
support email, and peer-to-peer networks

9.  The department of US defence first used a service
called ARPANET in the 1960s. Then, in 1989, Tim
Berner Lee invented the World Wide Web, which
shrank the world like nothing else. Today more than
1.7 billion people, or 25 per cent of the world use the
Internet. It is such a powerful invention that we’ve
probably only begun to see its long term effects.

10. 5. EMAIL
 Electronic mail, most commonly referred to
as email or e-mail since approximately 1993, is a
method of exchanging digital messages from an author
to one or more recipients.
 Modern email operates across the Internet or
other computer networks. Some early email systems
required that the author and the recipient both
be online at the same time, in common with instant
messaging.
 Today's email systems are based on a store-and-
forward model.
Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store
messages. Neither the users nor their computers are
required to be online simultaneously; they need connect
only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it
takes to send or receive messages.

11.  The worldwide spread of email
affected the exchange of
communications. Before email, a
business in the US sending an
important document overseas printed
the document, packaged it, paid for
the delivery service and waited days
for it to arrive at the destination. After
email grew to be a part of all
international businesses, companies
and students possessed the ability to
send formal communications to the
recipient in minutes.

12. 6. STEAM ENGINE
 The Industrial Revolution, which
is possibly the greatest change
over the shortest period of time in
the history of civilization, was
carried forward by the steam
engine. Now, While the steam
engine has been overshadowed
by electric and internal
combustion engines in the areas
of transport and factory power, it
is still incredibly important. Most
power plants in the world actually
generate electricity using steam
turbines, whether the steam is
heated by burning coal, natural
gas, or a nuclear reactor.

13.  James Watt, 19 January 1736 – 25 August
1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical
engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen
steam engine were fundamental to the changes
brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his
native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

14. 7. AUTOMOBILE
 Do you know there are approximately 600 million
passenger cars worldwide? That is roughly one car per
eleven people! We all know how important they are in
our life and it would be hard to imagine a world without
them.
 An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a
wheeled motor vehicle used
for transporting passengers, which also carries its own
engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify
that automobiles are designed to run primarily on
roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to
typically have four wheels, and to be constructed
principally for the transport of people rather than goods

16. 8. AIRCRAFT
 An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by
gaining support from the air, or, in
general, the atmosphere of a planet. It counters the
force of gravity by using either static lift or by using
the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases
the downward thrust from jet engines.

18. 9. MOBILE PHONE
 A mobile phone (also known as
a cellular phone, cell phone, and
a hand phone) is a device that can
make and receive telephone
calls over a radio link while moving
around a wide geographic area. It
does so by connecting to a cellular
network provided by a mobile phone
operator, allowing access to the public
telephone network. By
contrast, a cordless telephone is used
only within the short range of a
single, private base station.

19.  Martin "Marty" Cooper (born December 26, 1928 in Chicago,
Illinois, USA) is a pioneer and visionary in the wireless
communications industry. With eleven patents in the field, he is
recognized as an innovator in radio spectrum management.
 Inventing the handheld cellular Mobile phone. Making
world's first handheld cellular mobile phone call.

20. 10. TELEPHONE
 A telephone, or phone, is
a telecommunications device that permits
two or more users to conduct a
conversation when they are not in the same
vicinity of each other to be heard directly.

21.  First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and
further developed by many others, the telephone was
the first device in history that enabled people to talk
directly with each other across large distances.
Telephones became rapidly indispensable to
businesses, government, and households, and are
today some of the most widely used small appliances.

22. 11. TELEVISION
 The etymology of the word has a mixed
Latin and Greek origin, meaning "far sight":
Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin visio, sight
(from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first
person).
 Commercially available since the late
1920s, the television set has become
commonplace in homes, businesses and
institutions, particularly as a vehicle
for advertising, a source of
entertainment, and news. Since the
1950s, television has been the main medium
for molding public opinion. Since the 1970s
the availability of video
cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDs and now Blu-
ray Discs, have resulted in the television
set frequently being used for viewing
recorded as well as broadcast material. In
recent years, Internet television has seen
the rise of television available via
the Internet through services such
as iPlayer and Hulu.

23.  Philo Taylor
Farnsworth
 (August 19, 1906 –
March 11, 1971) was an
American inventor
and television pioneer.
 Charles Francis Jenkins
 (August 22, 1867 – June
6, 1934) was
an American pioneer of early
cinema and one of the inventors
of television, though he used
mechanical rather than
electronic technologies.

24. 12. ROBOTS
 Robots are helping us in many
aspects of life. They are used in
car productions, packaging of
manufactured goods, mass
production of printed circuit
boards (PCB’s), space
probes, military drones (UAV’s)
and humanoid robots like ASIMO
designed and developed by
HONDA. ASIMO, which is an
acronym for “Advanced Step
in Innovative Mobility”, was
created to be a personal
assistant.

25. The idea of automata originates in the mythologies of many cultures
around the world. Engineers and inventors from ancient
civilizations, including Ancient China, Ancient Greece, and Ptolemaic
Egypt, attempted to build self-operating machines, some resembling
animals and humans. Early descriptions of automata include the artificial
doves of Archytas the artificial birds of Mozi and Lu Ban a "speaking"
automaton by Hero of Alexandria, a washstand automaton by Philo of
Byzantium, and a human automaton described in the Lie Zi.

26. 13. GAMING CONSOLES
 A video game console is an interactive
computer that produces a video display
signal which can be used with a display
device (a television, monitor, etc.) to
display a video game.
 The term "video game console" is used
to distinguish a machine designed for
people to buy and use primarily for
playing video games on a TV in contrast
to arcade machines, handheld game
consoles, or home computers.
 The video game console was first
invented in the 1950s and has
continued to evolve, with the latest
consoles being released in 2013.

27. 14. DIGITAL CAMERA
 A digital camera (or digicam) is
a camera that takes video or
still photographs by
recording images on
an electronic image sensor. Most
cameras sold today are digital, and
digital cameras are incorporated
into many devices ranging
from PDAs and mobile
phones (called camera phones) to
vehicles.

28.  Steven J. Sasson (born July 4, 1950 in Brooklyn, New
York), a Kodak engineer invented and built the first
digital camera using a charge-coupled device image
sensor in 1975.

29. 15. GUN
 We all are familiar about this
deadly device. So there is no need
of introduction or any type of
explanation.
 The first devices identified as guns
appeared in China around
1000AD, and by the 12th century
the technology was spreading
through the rest of Asia, and into
Europe by the 13th century.

30. 16. REFRIGERATOR
 A refrigerator (colloquially fridge) is a
common household appliance that consists
of a thermally insulated compartment and
a heat pump(mechanical, electronic, or
chemical) that transfers heat from the
inside of the fridge to its external
environment so that the inside of the fridge
is cooled to a temperature below the
ambient temperature of the room.
 Refrigeration is an essential food storage
technique in developed countries. Lower
temperatures in a confined volume lowers
the reproduction rate of bacteria, so the
refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage.

31.  The first known artificial refrigeration was
demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of
Glasgow in 1748. The American inventor Oliver
Evans, acclaimed as the "father of refrigeration,"
invented the vapor-compression
refrigeration machine in 1805.

32. 17. ATM
 An automated or automatic teller
machine (ATM)
(American, Australian and Indian
English), also known as an automated
banking machine(ABM) (Canadian
English), cash
machine, cashpoint, cashline or hole in
the wall (British and Hiberno-English), is a
computerized telecommunications device
that enables the clients of a financial
institution to perform financial
transactions without the need for a
cashier, human clerk or bank teller. ATMs
are known by various other names
including ATM machine, automated banking
machine and various regional variants
derived from trademarks on ATM systems
held by particular banks

33.  The idea of self-service in retail banking developed
through independent and simultaneous efforts in
Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United
States. In the USA, Luther George Simjian has been
credited with developing and building the first automatic
teller machine (which didn't dispense cash).

34. 18. RADIO
 A Russian, and the Italian-Irish
inventor Guglielmo Marconi, saw the
potential in this technology when they
sent and received the first radio
waves. Marconi sent the first
transatlantic radio message (three
dots for the letter “S”) in 1901. Since
then Radio became an important part
of our daily life, from listening to news
bulletins to baseball matches, and
even the invention of TV barely
affected its significance.

35.  Guglielmo Marconi 25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was
an Italian inventor, known for his pioneering work on
long distance radio transmission and for his
development of Marconi's law and a radio
telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as
the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel
Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in
recognition of their contributions to the development of
wireless telegraphy"

36. 19. PRINTING PRESS
 A printing press is a device for
evenly printing ink on to a print medium
(substrate) such as paper or cloth. The
device applies pressure to a print
medium that rests on an inked surface
made of movable type, thereby
transferring the ink. Typically used for
texts, the invention and spread of the
printing press are widely regarded as
among the most influential events in
the second millennium revolutionizing
the way people conceive and describe
the world they live in, and ushering in
the period of modernity.

37.  In 1454 the German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg
was the first to construct a press that comprised moveable
metal type, which, when laid over ink, could print repeatedly
onto paper. The introduction of computers in the 1950s
revolutionized printing composition, with more and more
steps in the print process being replaced by digital data.
Now a days we have modern electronic printing presses in
our homes and offices commonly known as “printers”.

38. 20. THE BAR CODE
 This boring set of black and
white lines was developed
by Norman Woodland, but
they can be found on almost
every single item in the
grocery store. At first
glance, it seems hard to see
how they could possibly
make any impact on the
world, but they have
fundamentally changed the
way we shop.

39. 21. CALCULATOR
 An electronic calculator is a
small, portable, often inexpensive
electronic device used to perform
both basic and complex operations
of arithmetic.
 Pocket sized devices became
available in the 1970s, especially
after the invention of the
microprocessor developed
by Intel for the Japanese calculator
company Busicom.

40.  The Casio Computer Company, in Japan, released
the Model 14-A calculator in 1957, which was the
world's first all-electric (relatively) "compact"
calculator. It did not use electronic logic but was
based on relay technology, and was built into a
desk.

41. 22. MICROWAVE OVEN
 A microwave oven, often colloquially
shortened to microwave, is a kitchen
appliance that heats food by
bombarding it with electromagnetic
radiation in the microwave
spectrum causing polarized
molecules in the food to rotate and build
up thermal energy in a process known
as dielectric heating.
 Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and
efficiently because excitation is fairly
uniform in the outer 25–38 mm of a
dense (high water content) food item;
food is more evenly heated throughout
(except in thick, dense objects) than
generally occurs in other cooking
techniques.

42.  Percy LeBaron Spencer (9 July 1894 – 8 September
1970) was an American engineer and inventor. He
became known as the inventor of the microwave oven.

43. 23. CREDIT CARD
 A credit card is a payment
card issued to users as a system
of payment. It allows the
cardholder to pay for goods and
services based on the holder's
promise to pay for them. The
issuer of the card creates
a revolving account and grants
a line of credit to the consumer (or
the user) from which the user can
borrow money for payment to
a merchant or as a cash
advance to the user.

44. Ralph Schneider invented credit
card.

45. 24. GPS
 GPS or Global Positioning
System was developed in
1978, and was made to
pinpoint your exact position to
within a couple of meters with
the help of up to 32 satellites.
It became a great invention
for explorers, paramedics,
and pilots but now even for
common people who have
GPS enabled devices in their
cars or even GPS based apps
on their smart phones.

46.  Roger L. Easton is an American scientist. He is the
principal inventor and designer of the Global
Positioning System.

47. 25. IPOD
 Do you remember the cassette
Walkman? It could barely hold
12 to 15 songs, until this sleek
little white device came along
and revolutionized the music
industry. It has amazing storage
capability, the largest model
being able to hold more than
30,000 songs! Not
surprisingly, iPod has made an
astronomical number of sales
(more than 110m units).

48.  The iPod is a line of portable media players designed
and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released
on October 23, 2001, about 8-½ months
before iTunes was released and its most recent
redesigns were announced on September 12, 2012.
There are four current versions of the iPod: the ultra-
compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano, the
touch screen iPod Touch, and the hard drive-based iPod
Classic.

49. SOURCES:
 http://list25.com/
 http://wikipedia.com
 http://google.com
 http://apple.com