2010 10 27 Isc2 Protecting Consumer Privacy

Brainlink International, Inc.
You run your business, and leave the IT to us.

Protecting Consumer Privacy:
DO’s, DON’Ts

Raj Goel, CISSP
Chief Technology Officer
raj@brainlink.com / 917-685-7731

© 2010 Raj Goel raj@brainlink.com | 917.685.7731 1


Agenda
• Threats to Consumer Privacy
• Government & Society
• IT Vendors
• Facebook
• Google
• Learn from the FTC
• Case Studies in Failure
• Success Stories



Social Security Numbers – A Brief History
1936 - SSNs established
1938 - Wallet manufacturer includes secretary's SSN card inside a
wallet. 40,000 people thought it was their SSN. 12 people used it
in 1977.
Pre-1986 - kids under 14yrs not required
Post-1990 - Kids get SSN # with Birth Certificate
Repeatedly, laws state that ―we‖ oppose the creation of a national ID
card. SSNs become defacto national ID numbers.
Result: Experian, TransUnion, Equifax
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number
http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/ssn/ssnchron.html



Social Security Numbers Fraud – Target: Kids
The numbers are run through public databases to determine whether anyone is
using them to obtain credit. If not, they are offered for sale for a few hundred to
several thousand dollars.

Because the numbers often come from young children who have no money of
their own, they carry no spending history and offer a chance to open a new,
unblemished line of credit. People who buy the numbers can then quickly build
their credit rating in a process called "piggybacking," which involves linking to
someone else's credit file.

If they default on their payments, and the credit is withdrawn, the same people
can simply buy another number and start the process again, causing a steep
spiral of debt that could conceivably go on for years before creditors discover the
fraud.
- http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/08/02/ap-impact-new-id-theft-targets-kids-social-security-numbers-threaten-credit-
737395719/



Standards Explosion

US Canada
HIPAA/HITECH PIPEDA
RED FLAG 3 PIPA/PPIPS laws
GLBA
RED FLAG

47 States, Wash DC,
Puerto Rico, US Virgin
Islands Privacy Breach
Laws



Every Law has Protected Fields
• Names • Vehicle ID or license
• Postal address • Device identifiers
• Tel & fax number • Web URLs
• Email address • Internet protocol
• SSN • Biometric ID
• Medical record number • Full face, comparable
• Health plan number image
• Certificate/license • Latanya Sweeney showed that 87%
of all Americans can be identified by
number ZIP Code, DOB, sex.



IT Security Reality

"For many small businesses, the CIO is
somebody's child down the road who's
really good at Nintendo.―
- Howard Schmidt, US CyberSecurity CZAR



Threats: Vendors



Anti-Virus Scareware

Which one is from a real company? Which one is fake?



Microsoft – Blocks Updates for non-Pirates

Microsoft has 97% of the desktop market.
1980 – Today - In India, China, Eastern Europe, MS *ACTIVELY*
encouraged piracy of their products.

Nov 11, 2004 – Microsoft blocks security & patch updates for
pirated XP copies
http://www.techspot.com/news/16279-microsoft-to-block-updates-for-pirated-xp-copies.html



Microsoft – We make your life difficult

Inventory, Asset & Patch Management:
• WSUS, System Center, MOM are a pain to install.
• Often incur additional license and manpower costs.

Alternative:
• Wsusoffline.net – 1 small program, can update a single machine
or complete network.
• Belarc.com – amazingly good license key & config evaluator
• NEWT from Komodolabs.com – insanely good asset auditor



Microsoft – We run Linux like we run Windows

Oct 2010 – IP addresses belonging to Microsoft host 1000+ fraud
websites.

DDOS KrebsOnSecurity.com

MS slow to respond.

Unknown how MS IPs were breached. MS blames faulty linux
kernel.



Adobe – Insecurity is our middle name

Adobe Flash is the root of Browser Insecurity
“Chrome or IE8 on Windows 7 with no Flash installed. There probably isn't enough difference between the browsers to get
worked up about. The main thing is not to install Flash!‖
http://gizmodo.com/5483024/security-expert-flash-is-the-root-of-browser-insecurity-oh-and-ie8-isnt-so-bad



Dell ships infected server motherboards

July 2010 – Dell blames “human error” for shipping
thousands of infected Server motherboards –
Poweredge 310, 410, 510, T410.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/07/23/dell_malware_update/



HP ships infected USB keys to Enterprise Customers

April 2008 – HP ships infected keys to Enterprise
Customers using Proliant servers.
http://www.engadget.com/2008/04/07/hp-sends-server-customers-virus-infected-usb-keys/



Walmart, Amazon sells infected Picture Frames

Jan 2009 – Hundreds of thousands (millions?) of picture
frames sold by Walmart, SamsClub, Amazon ship
from the factory with embedded malware.

NOTE: Picture frame sales
2007 - 5 million
2008 - 7.4 million
2009 - 9.8 million
http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-01-02/business/17196259_1_frames-digital-photo-wal/



Threats: US



Head In The Sand – American Express

Dec 2008 – American Express’ site has XSS flaws –
twice in less than 6 months.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/12/20/american_express_website_bug_redux/



Head In The Sand - Ameriprise
Mar-Aug 2009 – Russ McRee reports XSS bugs to Ameriprise Financial. No
Response or fixes.
There should be something on your site that says 'If you see a security issue on
our site, please report it.’
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/08/20/ameriprise_website_vulnerabilities/



Head In The Sand - MLB

Jan 2009 – MLB and other top 1000 sites serve ads from
malware providers.
ScanSafe researcher Mary Landesman said the outbreak first landed on her radar screen on January 4. She searched in
vain for a way to alert MLB administrators to the problem.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/01/08/major_league_baseball_threat/



We buy Snakeoil Security

BankA, BankB both suffer privacy-related losses.
BankA buys SnakeOil Security. Attackers see BankA has becomes *slightly* harder to attack.
BankA sees 35% reduction in losses.
Attackers increase attacks on BankB.

SnakeOil Sales brochure says “BankA uses our product, sees 35% reduction in losses”
BankB buys Snakeoil security. BankB sees drop in losses.

Attackers create new attacks against BankA. Hmm…time to upgrade SnakeOil software!
BankA sees lowered attacks. BankB gets told…BankA upgraded, saw fewer attacks. You HAVE TO UPGRADE to
SnakeOil 2.0.

Did Security actually increase? Does SnakeOil Actually work?
- http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/effect-snake-oil-security-090710



Threats: Social Media



Facebook of the nation...

Facebook allows developers access to user's full profile.
Every time you choose to add an application, Facebook asks you to confirm that you want to let
this program both know who you are and access your information. It's impossible for anyone
to add any application without agreeing to this set of terms. Once you click okay, that
application can technically access quit a bit of public and private profile information.
While all of the most private information (like your passwords and e-mail addresses) are kept on
Facebook servers and require security authentication, a lot of info is available to applications
you add.

According to Facebook's Developers Terms of Use, this can include
". . . your name, your profile picture, your birthday, your hometown location, your current
location, your political views, your activities, your interests, your relationship status, your
dating interests, your relationship interests, your summer plans, your Facebook user network
affiliations, your education history, your work history, copies of photos in your Facebook Site
photo albums, and a list of user IDs mapped to your Facebook friends."
- http://www.removeadware.com.au/articles/facebook-privacy-hackers/



Facebook your country's security away...

MI6 chief faces probe after wife exposes their life
on Net
“ MI6 faced calls for an inquiry last night after an
extraordinary lapse of judgment led to the new
head of MI6's personal detailsbeing plastered
over Facebook.
Millions of people could have gained access to
compromising photographs of Sir John Sawers
and his family on the social networking website.
...“
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1197757/New-MI6-chief-faces-
probe-wife-exposes-life-Facebook.html



Online Profiles

What about your kids?
(you know, the future interns, tomorrow's new hire's, your future boss...)
- Gmail @ School
- Facebook disclosures
―For Some, Online Persona Undermines a Résumé‖
―At Facebook, a popular social networking site, the executive found the candidate's Web page with this
description of his interests: "smokin' blunts" (cigars hollowed out and stuffed with marijuana), shooting people
and obsessive sex, all described in vivid slang.
It did not matter that the student was clearly posturing. He was done.
"A lot of it makes me think, what kind of judgment does this person have?" said the company's president,
Brad Karsh. "Why are you allowing this to be viewed publicly, effectively, or semipublicly?"
At New York University, recruiters from about 30 companies told career counselors that they were looking at
the sites, said Trudy G. Steinfeld, executive director of the center for career development.―
–http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/us/11recruit.html?ex=1307678400&en=ddfbe1e3b386090b&ei=5090



Online Profiles

- Gmail @ School
You can purchasePersona Undermines a Résumé‖ that
―For Some, Online a person's online profile report
―At Facebook, a popular social networking site, the executive found the candidate's Web
consolidates information from various social networks, credit
page with this description of his interests: "smokin' blunts" (cigars hollowed out and
reports, with marijuana), shooting people and obsessive sex, all described in vivid slang.
stuffed etc in a single document.
Recruiters president, Brad Karsh. of judgment does this person have?" saidor
"A lot of it makes me think, what kind
company's are vetting online profiles when interviewing publicly,
"Why are you allowing this to be viewed
the

submitting or semipublicly?"
effectively,
candidates.
At New York University, recruiters from about 30 companies told career counselors that they
were looking at the sites, said Trudy G. Steinfeld, executive director of the center for
career development.―
– http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/us/11recruit.html?ex=1307678400&en=ddfbe1e3b386090b&ei=5090



Online Profiles

- Gmail @ School
DoesSome,Compliance Policy, or Employee handbook, have a
―For your Online Persona Undermines a Résumé‖
―At Facebook, a popular social networking site, the executive found the candidate's Web
procedure for dealing with online postings regarding
page with this description of his interests: "smokin' blunts" (cigars hollowed out and
terminations?
stuffed with marijuana), shooting people and obsessive sex, all described in vivid slang.
How of it makes me think, what kind of judgment does this person have?" said or
"A lot
soon president, Brad Karsh. can they allowing or facebook the
company's after termination"Why are you twitter this to be viewed publicly,
effectively, or semipublicly?"
otherwise advertise their new, unemployed, status?
At New York University, recruiters from about 30 companies told career counselors that they
were looking at the sites, said Trudy G. Steinfeld, executive director of the center for
career development.―
– http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/us/11recruit.html?ex=1307678400&en=ddfbe1e3b386090b&ei=5090



Google – Stealing with Free Clicks

Jan 2010 – Google sells ads via WhenU and dozens of other
intermediaries.
You could be paying for clicks on YOUR OWN SITE.

Marketing thinks Google’s ROI is high – in reality, this is fraud even
the mob never dreamed of.

And yes, if Google wanted to, or was forced to, they could curtail
this immediately.



Google + Facebook = Seeds of future destruction
Gmail, Facebook, MySpace, etc. take advantage of the ignorance of
kids, senior citizens and society at large to trade long-term privacy
for online games, convenience and "fun".

What looks cute today, will become embarassing 20 years down the
road.

Topless pictures, angry rants, teenage pranks, etc.

Except, on the web, NOTHING ever gets deleted.



Recommended Reading

• http://www.brainlink.com/news/138/24/Is-Your-Company-Googling-its-Security-and-Privacy-Away-Raj-Goel-investigates.html
• http://www.brainlink.com/news/150/24/InfoSecurity-Issue-6----DATA-LEAK-Googling-AWAY-your-Security-and-Privacy.html
• http://www.eff.org/cases/warshak-v-usa
• http://blog.jayparkinsonmd.com/post/92060107/the-promise-of-google-health-and-data-liquidity-in
• http://google.about.com/od/experimentalgoogletools/qt/GoogleFluTrends.htm
• http://www.schneier.com/news-062.html
• http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/effect-snake-oil-security-090710



Facebook + Google + Picasa = Kryptonite

http://www.geekculture.com/joyoftech/joyarchives/1452.html



FourSquare, Facebook Places, etc.

UK Ministry of Defense (MoD) warns that Facebook Places (which is
enabled by default!) provides a targetting pack for terrorists.
"The main concern relating to the use of the application, is that it may
inadvertently compromise the locality of a military user," the
document says.‖
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/01/mod_facebook_places/



Burglary Ring uses Facebook to choose victims

Burglary Ring in Nashua, NH committed 50 break-ins, stole
$100,000+. Targetted victims who posted their location on
Facebook.
http://gawker.com/5635046/real+life-burglary-ring-uses-facebook-to-choose-
victims

Adam Savage, Mythbusters, posted photo of his new truck, parked in
front of his house. Fans (and crooks!) discover his address via
GeoTags embedded in the photo.
http://text.broadbandreports.com/forum/r24657556-MythBusters-stalked-
down-with-geotag-photos



Facebook leaked user’s real names to advertisers
Oct 14, 2010 - The personally identifiable information was relayed in referrer headers that were sent
over three months to advertisers when users clicked on banner ads, according to an amended
complaint filed this week in US District Court in San Jose, California. The header, which is included in
URLs that lead to an advertising webpage, shows the Facebook address the user was browsing when
he encountered the ad. The information is designed to help advertisers serve content that's geared to
his age, location and interests.

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/14/facebook_privacy_complaint/

NOTE: Google’s doing this as well. Claims it’s standard practice.



Threats: Google



Google Search – Start of the spider's web...

Google's cookies do not expire until 2038.
All of Google's properties (Google, Gmail, Orkut, Google Desktop,
etc.) have deep-linked cookies that expire in 2038.
Each Google cookie has a unique GUID.
Every time you search, the search queries are tied back to your
cookie. Google does not delete anything.
Google response to John Battelle:
1) "Given a list of search terms, can Google produce a list of people who searched for that term,
identified by IP address and/or Google cookie value?"
2) "Given an IP address or Google cookie value, can Google produce a list of the terms searched
by the user of that IP address or cookie value?"
I put these to Google. To its credit, it rapidly replied that the answer in both cases is "yes."



Google Cookies– the 2-year myth

Google's cookies do not expire until 2038.
―Google will start issuing our users cookies that will be set to auto-expire
after 2 years, while auto-renewing the cookies of active users during this
time period. In other words, users who do not return to Google will have
their cookies auto-expire after 2 years. Regular Google users will have
their cookies auto-renew, so that their preferences are not lost. And, as
always, all users will still be able to control their cookies at any time via
their browsers.‖
- http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/07/cookies-expiring-sooner-to-improve.html
Translated into English:
The cookies expire 2 years AFTER complete inactivity.
If you use Google products/services, the 2 year period restarts NOW!



Orkut, Buzz, etc – the threads strengthen

By submitting, posting or displaying any Materials on or through the
orkut.com service, you automatically grant to us a worldwide, non-
exclusive, sublicenseable, transferable, royalty-free, perpetual,
irrevocable right to copy, distribute, create derivative works of,
publicly perform and display such Materials.
- Orkut's Terms Of Service



Orkut, Buzz, etc – the threads strengthen

Information contained in Orkut Profiles:
* Full name * E-mail address
* Phone numbers * IM information
* Age/DoB * Postal Address
* Relationship status / children. * Sexual orientation
* Political view * Religion
* Ethnicity * Drinking habits/preferences
* Hobbies and interests



Orkut – Brazil & India

Google has designed a special Orkut admin tool for deleting or blocking illegal
content, and given Brazilian police access to this tool. This means that if you're on
Orkut and you say something that in Brazil could be considered illegal (such as
celebrity gossip, Consumerist-style corporate bashing, mistreating animals), the
Brazilian police can censor the community where this "illegal" speech is seen.
- boingboing.net

Never mind the bat signal - cops in India have been equipped with a sort of ―red
phone‖ e-mail address at Google. The search engine giant, according to various
Indian sources, wants to help put a stop to hate speech and other objectionable
content that’s been showing up on Orkut.



Gmail – threads merge

• One key risk is that because GMail gets your consent to be more
than an e-mail delivery service -- offering searching, storage and
shopping -- your mail there may not get the legal protection the
ECPA gives you on E-mail.
• The storage of e-mail on 3rd party servers for more than 180 days
almost certainly causes the loss of those privileges.
• This in turn creates a danger that we may redefine whether e-mail
has the "reasonable expectation of privacy" needed for 4th
amendment protection.
• Correlation of search and mail has real risks.
- Brad Templeton, Chairman of the Electronic Frontier Foundation,
http://www.templetons.com/brad/gmail.html



Gmail – threads merge (2)

•Knowing someone is using Gmail because their email address is
rajgoel@gmail.com is easy.

•What if your business partner, client or prospect uses
raj@stanford.edu or raj@chinatech.com-- can YOU tell if it's hosted
at Gmail?

•The plans, proposals, research, recommendations, etc. you email
out – are they being indexed at google?



Gmail Patents – Weaving the threads
Patent #20040059712 - ―Serving advertisements using information associated with e-
mail‖ allows Google to create profiles based on the following data:
* Information about the sender, including information derived from previous interactions with the
sender
* Information about the recipient, including information derived from sender's address book or
from previous interactions with the sender
* Information about a recipient based on a profile or information about the sender (the example
from that patent is: "Sender is a wine enthusiast and has recently searched for and/or browsed
pages related to wine, suggesting that recipient may also be interested in wine")
* Information from other e-mails sent by sender
* Information from other e-mails received by recipient
* Information from other e-mails having the same or similar subject text
* Information about recipient from sender's contact information
* Directory and file information based on the path name of attachments sent in previous e-mails
(e.g. building an index of filenames on sender or recipient's computer)
- http://www.epic.org/privacy/gmail/faq.html



ECPA - Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986)

ECPA declared that e-mail was a private means of communication,
and that we might hope for the same level of privacy in it as we
have in phone calls and letters. Among other things, it means that
police need a wiretap warrant to read your e-mails, and that your
e-mail company's employees can't disclose your e-mails to others.
[...] E-mail in transit is protected, but those in law enforcement
advocate that once mail is processed and stored, it is no longer
the same private letter, but simply a database service.
GMail's big selling point is that they don't simply deliver your mail.
They store it for you, and they index it so you can search it.



ECPA - Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986)
FBI Abuses Patriot Act
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/10/washington/10fbi.html
ECPA declared that e-mail was a private means of communication,
and that we might hope for the same level of privacy in it as we
have in phone calls and letters. Among other things, it means that
police need a wiretap warrant to read your e-mails, and13 months
Sprint received 8 MILLION law enforcement requests in that your
http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/12/surveillance-shocker-sprint-
e-mail company's employees can't disclose your e-mails to others.
received-8-million-law
[...] E-mail in transit is protected, but those in law enforcement
advocate that once mail is processed and stored, it is no longer
the same privateSale but simply a database service.
Your Identity for letter,
http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/09/pf/security_info_profit/index.htm
GMail's big selling point is that they don't simply deliver your mail.
They store it for you, and they index it so you can search it.
Google "FBI buys data from private sector"



ECPA - Disclosure Rules
• Compelled Disclosure Rules in 18 U.S.C. § 2703
• Section 2703 mandates different standards the government must satisfy to compel different
types of communications. To compel a provider of ECS to disclose contents of
communications in its possession that are in temporary ―electronic storage‖ for 180 days or
less, the government must obtain a search warrant.67 To compel a provider of ECS to disclose
contents in electronic storage for greater than 180 days or to compel a provider of RCS to
disclose contents, the government has three options.
• First, the government can obtain a search warrant.
• Alternatively,investigators can use less process than a warrant, as long as they combine that
process with prior notice.
• Specifically, the government can use either a subpoena or a ―specific and articulable facts‖
court order pursuant to 18U.S.C. § 2703(d), combined with prior notice to the ―subscriber or
customer‖ (which can be delayed in some circumstances).73 The court order found in §
2703(d), often referred to as a ―2703(d)‖ order or simply a ―d‖ order, is something like a mix
between a subpoena and a search warrant. To obtain the order, the government must provide
―specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe‖ that the
information to be compelled is ―relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.‖74 If
the judge finds that the factual showing has been made, the judge signs the order. The order is
then served like an ordinary subpoena; investigators bring or fax the order to the ISP, and the
ISP complies by turning over the information to the investigators.
- http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=421860
Professor Orin Kerr, George Washington University - Law School
TRANSLATION:
After 180 days, Government access to your Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo Mail, etc.
becomes significantly easier.



ECPA - Disclosure Rules
• Compelled Disclosure Rules in 18 U.S.C. § 2703
• Section 2703 mandates different standards the government must satisfy to compel different
types of communications. To compel a provider of ECS to disclose contents of
communications in its possession that are in temporary ―electronic storage‖ for 180 days or
less, the government must obtain a search warrant.67 To compel a provider of ECS to disclose
contents in electronic storage for greater than 180 days or to compel a provider of RCS to
disclose contents, the government has three options.ECPA
CSO's and CPOs should know about
• First, the government can obtain a search warrant.
• Alternatively,investigators can use less process than a warrant, as long as they combine that
Employees are forwarding emails to GMAIL because it is fast, easy
process with prior notice.
• Specifically, thehas copioususe either a subpoena or a ―specific and articulable facts‖
to use and government can capacity. The opposite of most corporate
court order pursuant to 18U.S.C. § 2703(d), combined with prior notice to the ―subscriber or
email systems.
customer‖ (which can be delayed in some circumstances).73 The court order found in §
2703(d), often referred to as a ―2703(d)‖ order or simply a ―d‖ order, is something like a mix
between a subpoena and a search warrant. To obtain the order, the government must provide
―specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe‖ that the
How many of your employees are forwarding emails to
information to be compelled is ―relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation.‖74 If
the judge finds that the factual showing has been made, the judge signs the order. The order is
gmail/yahoo/hotmail right now?
then served like an ordinary subpoena; investigators bring or fax the order to the ISP, and the
ISP complies by turning over the information to the investigators.
- http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=421860
Professor Orin Kerr, George Washington University - Law School
TRANSLATION:
After 180 days, Government access to your Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo Mail, etc.
becomes significantly easier.



Google Desktop – feeding the spider

Google Desktop – allowed users to search their desktops using a
Google-like interface. All word files, spreadsheets, emails,
images were instantly searchable. Index information was stored
on the local computer.

Google Desktop 3 allows users to search across multiple computers.
GD3 stores index and copies of files on Google's servers for up to
30 days.

This may violate Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
(FERPA), HIPAA, state privacy laws.



Google Desktop – feeding the spider

How Google Desktop 3 works:
• Computer A and computer B both download Google Desktop,
which indexes all files on the hard drives and sends text copies of
Office documents (Word, Excel) and other files to Google.
• Computer B signs into Google, searches for a file on Computer A
and retrieves it. Google says it only keeps the data for 30 days
and will delete the files if not accessed.
[...]"Unless you go to the trouble of configuring Google Desktop
carefully, it will cough up your tax returns, medical and financial
records, and any other text files you happen to have."
- USA Today, Feb 9, 2006
http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/computersecurity/2006-02-09-google-privacy_x.htm



Google Alerts

Google Alerts are email updates of the latest relevant Google results
(web, news, etc.) based on your choice of query or topic.

Is someone at Citibank researching ―windpower in India‖? ―terrorism
in Niger Delta‖?

Google knows:
- who's researching it (GUID/email)
- How many people are doing it.
- Popularity of story or search
- Trend Activity



Google OpenSocial (hacked within 45 minutes)

Many Sites, One API. (many sites, single point of insecurity??)

Engage.com Friendster hi5 Hyves imeem
LinkedIn MySpace Ning Oracle Orkut
Plaxo SalesForce.com SixApart Tianji Viadeo
XING

―First OpenSocial Application Hacked Within 45 Minutes‖
- http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/11/02/first-opensocial-application-hacked-within-45-minutes/
―[A hacker] added a number of emoticons to Plaxo VP Marketing John
McCrea’s profile within 45 minutes of it launching.‖



Google Chrome

Chrome is google's browser, based on the Webkit framework.

Dangers:
- Google knows every URL you searched (same as every other
browser)
- Google knows every character you type! Even if you don't hit enter
- Google tracks every ―auto suggestion‖

http://coderrr.wordpress.com/2008/09/03/google-chrome-privacy-worse-than-you-
think/



Google Android

Android is Google's mobile phone OS.

Default Search: Google
GPS locator enabled? Check handset

Every search, call, map lookup, tracked by google.

Just like the iPhone application store, Google can remotely disable
applications.
Google can also remotely INSTALL applications.

What does THAT do to your security standards? Asset Management?



Google Android

Android apps security is worse than Windows.

- Free android wall paper app downloaded millions of times. Sends
collected user data to China.
- http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/07/29/suspicious_android_app/

- 20% of tested Android apps allow developers access to sensitive
or private data
- http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20008518-245.html



Google Android

The researchers found that two-thirds of the 30 apps in the sample
used sensitive data suspiciously, half share location data with
advertising or analytics servers without requiring "implicit or explicit
user consent," and one-third expose the device ID, sometimes
with the phone number and the SIM card serial number. In all,
the researchers said they found 68 instances of potential misuse of
users' private information across 20 applications.

http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20018102-245.html



Tools & Strategies: Scoping Policies



Learn from FTC Health Breach Rule
Differentiates between ―unauthorized access‖ and
―acquisition‖
(1) the employee viewed the records to find health information about a particular public figure and
sold the information to a national gossip magazine;
(2) the employee viewed the records to obtain information about his or her
friends;
(3) the employee inadvertently accessed the database, realized that it was not the one he or she
intended to view, and logged off without reading, using, or
disclosing anything.



FTC Health Breach Rule
“If an entity’s employee loses a laptop containing unsecured health
information in a public place, the information would be accessible to
unauthorized persons, giving rise to a presumption that unauthorized
acquisition has occurred. The entity can rebut this presumption by
showing that the laptop was recovered, and that forensic analysis
revealed that files were never opened, altered, transferred, or
otherwise compromised. “

―Unauthorized acquisition will be presumed to include unauthorized
access to unsecured PHR identifiable health information‖



PHR related entities include non-HIPAA covered entities “that access
information in a personal health record or send information to a
personal health record.”

This category could include online applications through which
individuals, for example, connect their blood pressure cuffs, blood
glucose monitors, or other devices so that the results could be tracked
through their personal health records. It could also include an online
medication or weight tracking program that pulls information from a
personal health record.



PHR identifiable health information =
1)“past, present, or future payment for the provision of
health care to an individual,”

e.g. database containing names and credit card
information, even if no other information was included



2) “the fact of having an account with a vendor of personal
health records or related entity,”

e.g. the theft of an unsecured customer list of a vendor of
personal health records or related entity directed to AIDS
patients or people with mental illness would require a
breach notification, even if no specific health information is
contained in that list.

Can you apply this principle to ALL data in your
company’s possession?


Doing It Wrong



PCI-DSS Security vs. Marketing
• Banks are ―rebating‖ penalties, absorbing penalties or spreading
penalties to all merchants

• No real teeth – most large offenders are still in business.

• VISA’s ―Verified By VISA‖ program violates PCI rules

• Rule enforcement is opaque and seemingly arbitrary.



FTC’s RED FLAG Rules
What are the ―red flags‖?
Warning signs that ID theft may, or has, occurred.

“Financial Institutions” and “Creditors” must develop and implement written ID theft
prevention programs that:
1. Identify relevant Red Flags for the covered accounts that the creditor offers or
maintains and incorporate those Red Flags into its program;
2. Detect Red Flags that have been incorporated into its program;
3. Respond appropriately to any Red Flags that are detected;
4. Update the program periodically to reflect changes in risks from identity theft to
customers and to the safety and soundness of the creditor from identity theft.



FTC’s RED FLAG Rules
- This is GLBA for Attorneys, Doctors, Hospitals, Small
Businesses, etc.
• AMA, ABA and others have sued to exempt their
members
• Currently excludes businesses with less than 20
employees
• Compliance extended 5 times – currently, not till Dec
2010



FTC & DSW
―Shoe retailer DSW Inc. agreed to beef up its computer security to settle U.S.
charges that it didn't adequately protect customers' credit cards and
checking accounts,...
The FTC said the company engaged in an unfair business practice because
it created unnecessary risks by storing customer information in an
unencrypted manner without adequate protection....
As part of the settlement, DSW set up a comprehensive data-security program
and will undergo audits every two years for the next 20 years. ―
- ComputerWorld.com 12/1/2005
According to DSW’s SEC filings, as of July 2005, the company’s exposure
for losses related to the breach ranges from $6.5 million to $9.5 million.
This is the FTC’s seventh case challenging faulty data security practices by
retailers and others. - www.ftc.gov 12/1/2005



FTC & Choicepoint
―The $10 million fine imposed today by the Federal Trade Commission on data
aggregator ChoicePoint Inc. for a data security breach is yet another indication of the
increasingly tough stance the agency is taking on companies that fail to adequately
protect sensitive data, legal experts said.
And it's not just companies that suffer data breaches that should be concerned. Those
companies that are unable to demonstrate due diligence when it comes to
information security practices could also wind up in the FTC’s crosshairs, they
added.
• ChoicePoint will pay a fine of $10 million...
• In addition to the penalty, the largest ever levied by the FTC, ChoicePoint has been
asked to set up a $5 million trust fund for individuals...
• ChoicePoint will also have to submit to comprehensive security audits every two
years through 2026. ―
UPDATE: 12/6/06: FTC 01/26/2006 victims of identity theft as a result of the data breach who
- ComputerWorld.com announced that
had out-of-pocket expenses can now be reimbursed. The claims deadline was Feb. 4, 2007.



FTC – BJ's Wholesale Club
―According to the FTC, BJ's failed to encrypt customer data when transmitted
or stored on BJ's computers, kept that data in files accessible using default
passwords, and ran insecure, insufficiently monitored wireless networks.
...affected financial institutions filed suit against BJ's to recover
damages. According to a May securities and Exchange Commission filing,
BJ's recorded charges of $7 million in 2004 and an additional $3
million in 2005 to cover legal costs.
Under terms of the settlement, BJ's will implement a comprehensive
information-security program subject to third-party audits every other
year for the next two decades.―
- InformationWeek 6/16/2005



Priceline, Travelocity, and Cingular fined for using
adware
Priceline, Travelocity, and Cingular, three high-profile companies that advertised
through nuisance adware programs have agreed to pay fines and reform their practices,
according to the New York Attorney General.

“Advertisers will now be held responsible when their ads end up on consumers’
computers without full notice and consent,” Andrew Cuomo said. “Advertisers can no
longer insulate themselves from liability by turning a blind eye to how their
advertisements are delivered, or by placing ads through intermediaries, such as media
buyers. New Yorkers have suffered enough with unwanted adware programs and this
agreement goes a long way toward clamping down on this odious practice.”

- PressEsc.com January 29, 2007



Spyware - Bank Of America / Joe Lopez lawsuit
― A Miami businessman is suing Bank of America to recover $90,000 that he
claims was stolen and diverted to a bank in Latvia after his computer
was infected by a "Trojan horse" computer virus.
Although consumers are routinely hit with "phishing" E-mails carrying bank
logos intended to dupe them into revealing IDs and passwords, this is the
BOA settled withaJoe Lopez, after negativebank claimingin an
first known case of business customer of a U.S. publicity, to have
undisclosed settlement.of a hacking incident.
suffered a loss as a result
In a complaint filed earlier this month, Joe Lopez, owner of a computer and
copier supply business, accused Bank of America of negligence and
breach of contract in not alerting him to the existence of a virus called
"coreflood" prior to April 6, 2004, the date the alleged theft took place.‖ -
http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=60300288



ID Theft – Bank Of America & Margaret Harrison

Margaret Harrison, a young wife and mother living in San Diego, first noticed
the problem four years ago when she applied for unemployment.
[...] She investigated and found out a laborer named Pablo has been using her
Social Security number. And while Margaret pays for credit monitoring, she
says the Equifax credit reporting bureau never noticed the problem until
she told the agency. Now Equifax has put a fraud alert on her account. And
then there's this: Last month, the Bank of America sent her a new debit card
bearing her name and Pablo's picture!

Margaret says the Bank of America claims it can't take any action against
Pablo because he pays his bills on time — that her case is in what they call
"a reactive state."

- MSNBC Feb 6, 2006 ―Hey, that’s not me! A new wrinkle in ID theft‖



Hackers transfer $ 378,000 from Poughkeepsie to Ukraine
US vs WARSHAK
http://www.finextra.com/News/fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=21055

ATM hackers steal $ 9 Million in 1 day
http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/02/atm/

Banking Trojan steals $ 438,000
http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-10363836-245.html

Bank Of America vs. Lopez
http://www.americanbanker.com/usb_issues/115_4/-246231-1.html

Read “Trends in Financial Crimes”
http://www.brainlink.com/news/159/24/InfoSecurity-Issue-7---Trends-In-Financial-Crimes.html



Spyware - Sony's DRM Rootkit
Oct 31, 2005 - Mark Russinovich, a security researcher, discovers that Sony's CDs install a rootkit
Nov 3 – Sony releases rootkit remover. Ed Felten dismisses the rootkit remove as junk
Sony's rootkit used to defeat World of Warcraft's security
Nov 15 – Sony's rootkit uninstaller ―create huge security hole‖
Nov 15 – Dan Kaminsky estimates Sony's rootkit has infected 568,200 sites, including government
and military networks.
Nov 16 – US-CERT, Dept of Homeland Security, advises: ―Do not install software from sources
that you do not expect to contain software, such as an audio CD.”
Nov 17 – Amazon offers refunds on infected Sony CDs. Nov 21, Army/Airforce exchange as well.
New York, Texas and Florida Attorney Generals sue Sony.
- boingboing.net
Nov 10 – 2 Trojans target Sony's rootkit -
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/security/0,39020375,39236720,00.htm
Attorney fees & expenses exceed $ 4,000,000. Total costs to Sony unknown. - sonysuit.com



Spyware - Sony's DRM Rootkit
Anastacia CD costs retailer 1,500 Euros
Sep 14, 2009 – German Judge orders retailer to pay Plaintiff 1,500 Euros.
 200 Euros – 20 hours wasted dealing with virus alerts
 100 Euros – 10 hours for restoring data
 800 Euros – fees paid by Plaintiff to Computer Expert to repair his network
 185 Euros – legal costs incurred by plaintiff

―The judge’s assessment was that the CD sold to the plaintiff was faulty, since he should be able to
expect that the CD could play on his system without interfering with it.
The court ordered the retailer of the CD to pay damages of 1,200 euros.‖
http://torrentfreak.com/retailer-must-compensate-sony-anti-piracy-rootkit-victim-090914/

http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Verkaeufer-muss-Schadensersatz-fuer-Sony-Rootkit-CD-zahlen--
/meldung/145233



Fake Receipts, Chinese Style
“ More than 1 million bogus receipts worth 1.05 trillion yuan (147.3 billion U.S. dollars)
were confiscated in the case. The national treasury would lose more than 75 billion yuan
in tax revenue if the receipts were put into circulation, officials said.”
- http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/6359250.html

Good News:
Ringleader gets 16 years in jail.

Bad News:
 One of their customers claimed his company was NASDAQ listed and raised $50M
from unsuspecting investors.
 How many of YOUR vendors are claiming financial health using fake receipts?
 How many of YOUR employees padded their expense accounts using fake receipts?



Fake “Chisco” gear
Chinese vendors are selling counterfeit cisco gear at aggressive prices

Per FBI Presentation
- eGlobe Solutions - $ 788,000 in counterfeit gear
- Todd Richard - $ 1,000,000 in counterfeit gear

Fake equipment found in:
- US Naval Academy, US Naval Air Warfare Center, US Naval Undersea Warfare Center
- Marine Corps, Air Force, US Air Base (Spangdahelm, Germany)
- Bonneville Power Administration
- General Services Administration (GSA), FAA, FBI, other agencies and universities
- Raytheon
- Lockheed Martin (who violated rules by NOT using a GSA IT Vendor)
- MortgateIT – bought from a Authorized Cisco reseller. 30 WICs faulty.

“Cisco's Brand Protection does NOT coordinate with Cisco's Government Sales”



ATM machines with default passwords
...News reports circulated about a cyber thief who strolled into a gas station in Virginia
Beach, Virginia, and, with no special equipment, reprogrammed the mini ATM in the
corner to think it had $5.00 bills in its dispensing tray, instead of $20.00 bills.
...
Dave Goldsmith, a computer security researcher at Matasano Security began poking
around. Based on CNN's video, he identified the ATM as a Tranax Mini Bank 1500
series. [he also found manuals for Triton and another vendor – approx 250,000 ATMs]
...
He then set out to see if he could get a copy of the manual for the apparently-vulnerable
machine to find out how the hack worked. Fifteen minutes later, he reported
success....[he found]
* Instructions on how to enter the diagnostic mode.
* Default passwords
* Default Combinations For the Safe
- Wired.com, September 20, 2006



TJX (TJ Maxx, Winners, HomeSense) Breach
Information stolen from the systems of massive retailer TJX was being used fraudulently in November 2006 in an $8
million gift card scheme, one month before TJX officials said they learned of the breach, according to Florida law
enforcement officials.
...
Florida officials said the group used the increasingly common tactic of using the bogus credit cards to purchase gift
cards and then cashing them at Wal-Mart and Sam's Club stores. The group usually purchased $400 gift cards because
when the gift cards were valued at $500 or more, they were required to go to customer service and show identification,
Pape said.
- eWeek.com March 21, 2007

Arkansas Carpenters Pension Fund, which owns 4,500 shares of TJX stock, said the company rebuffed its request to
see documents detailing the safeguards on the company's computer systems and how the company responded to the
theft of customer data.
The suit was filed Monday afternoon in Delaware's Court of Chancery, under a law that allows shareholders to sue to
get access to corporate documents for certain purposes.
Court papers state the Arkansas pension fund wants the records to see whether TJX's board has been doing its job
properly in overseeing the company's handling of customer data.
- Forbes.com, March 20, 2007



Barings, Societe Generale
1995 Barings Bank: $ 1.4B losses
2008 Societe Generale: $ 7.1B
―Nick Leeson, [...] said Thursday that a massive fraud by a Société Générale employee showed that
banks still do not have risk-management controls in place.
"The first thing that shocked me was not necessarily that it had happened again. I think rogue
trading is probably a daily occurrence among the financial markets," Leeson told the British
Broadcasting Corp.
[...] "What they're looking for is profit, profit now, and that tends to be where the money is
directed," said Leeson‖
- International Herald Tribune, http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/24/business/leeson.php

―An internal investigation into billions of euros of losses at Societe Generale has found that controls at
the French bank "lacked depth".
The results of the investigation also show that rogue trades were first made back in 2005.
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7255685.stm



Hannaford Ruling
March 2008:
• Attackers installed custom malware (spyware) to capture data in motion across Hannaford's network
• Hundreds of servers and POS terminals compromised
• 4.2 million records breached – Credit AND Debit cards
• Customers filed class-action lawsuits
May 13, 2009 ruling:
―U.S. District Court Judge Brock Hornby threw out the civil claims against the grocer for its alleged failure to
protect card holder data and to notify customers of the breach in a timely fashion. In dismissing the claims,
Hornby ruled that without any actual and substantial loss of money or property, consumers could not seek
damages.
The only complaint he allowed to stand was from a woman who said she had not been reimbursed by her bank
for fraudulent charges on her bank account following the Hannaford breach.
In a 39-page opinion, Hornby wrote that consumers with no fraudulent charges posted to their accounts could
not seek damages under Maine law; neither could those who might have had fraudulent charges on their
accounts that were later reversed.―
- http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=security&articleId=9133075&taxonomyId=17&intsrc=kc_top



Phishing Scam nets 3300 eBay Employees
Sept 24, 2010 - Romanian authorities said they have detained a man suspected of absconding with
more than $3m by snaring 3,305 eBay employees in a spear phishing campaign last year.

Liviu Mihail Concioiu is under investigation for carrying out two phishing attacks that were directed
solely at eBay employees, according to a press release from Romania's DIICOT agency. In the first,
he netted user names and passwords for 1,784 employees and in the second he got another 1,521
employee credentials.

The suspect then used 417 of the stolen accounts to log in to eBay's internal network, where […] he
accessed details about high-value eBay customers.

- http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/24/ebay_spear_phishing_attack/



VOIP Attacks
Businesses have switched to VOIP to lower phone bills.
Securing VOIP is not their forte.

Perth, Australia business loses $120,000 within 46 hours.
http://www.zdnet.com.au/thousands-lost-in-rising-voip-
attacks-339306478.htm



Summary



Cost of carelessness

The Cost of Carelessness 12/5/2005 - http://www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1540,1906158,00.asp



Cost of Breaches 2005-2008
Year Direct Cost Indirect Cost Lost Customer Cost Total Costs
2005 50 14 74 138
2006 50 14 118 182
2007 50 14 133 197
2008 50 14 138 202
* 2009 TOTAL COSTS = $ 204
Other findings:
Not 1st time for majority of companies – 84% repeat offenders
1st timers cost: $ 243/record, Experienced Victims: $ 192/record
Churn Rates: Average 3.6% / Healthcare 6.5% / Financial Services 5.5%
Healthcare cost: $ 282/record / Retail: $ 131/record
88% breaches due to insider negligence, 44% due to external parties
Source: http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/020209-data-breach.html



They broke the law, your loss!
2008: Malware and/or break-ins compromise 100 million+ records at Heartland
Payment Systems.
Jan 2009: Inauguration day – Heartland discloses breach
May 2009: Heartland has spent $ 12.6 million (and counting) in dealing with
the breach.

Feb 2009: Angie's list notices 200% increase in auto-billing transactions being
declined. Autp-billing declines increased from 2% to 4%.
May cost them $ 1 million in lost revenues so far.

―The trouble is that convincing customers who had once set up auto-billing to reestablish that
relationship after such a disruption is tricky, as many people simply don't respond well to
companies phoning or e-mailing them asking for credit card information‖
- http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/heartland_breach_dings_members.html?wprss=securityfix



We Make it Easy (to commit crimes)
Criminals have existed as long as society has. And they always will.
However, we as IT/Security/Business/Government professionals make it easy for them to commit
crimes:
- “It's not MY problem syndrome”
- Bank Of America ID Theft, UK Banking rules, No liability for software vendors
- Burden for compromise is on the victims (ID theft, house theft, spyware)
- The selfish gene
- Sony DRM rootkit, RIAA lawsuits, expired DRM
- Stupid IT tricks
- Shipping with default passwords
- Textbooks, documentation showing insecure or poor coding practices
- Poor Privacy/Security planning
- ID theft is a growing problem today, because no one thought about limiting scope of SSN usage in
1934
- What do Facebook, MySpace, Gmail teach our kids about privacy?
- Are you looking at security and privacy in a holistic, global manner?



Summary

Neither you, nor your clients or staff own social data. Google/Facebook do.

Flaw in ANY of Google’s (or Facebooks or Twitters) or 3rd party applications
can expose consumer data.

This sets the stage for ID theft, Insurance Theft, Employment Denials and
increased Government and Corporate surveillance like nothing else.

Most privacy policies have loopholes you could drive a battleship through.

Encrypt, Encrypt, Encrypt.

Plan on having a breach…and dealing with it.



Users treat their computers like cars.

They assume there's a lemon law for software, or a seatbelt
protecting them from themselves.

Nothing could be further from the truth.

People like new technology, new tools.

However, they don't always understand the risks involved.



State Of
Security in a
nutshell



Medication & Counter- Taxes, Tolls, Insurance
medication fees

Late fees, mortgage fees,
balance overdue fees
Windows License fee

Antivirus Fee

ID Theft protection Fee

Are we treating our customers and ourselves as more
than Revenue Enhancement machines?



Success Stories



Getting it Right
Medical marijuana advocates estimate that the aggregate
annual sales tax revenue that's paid by the approximately 400
dispensaries in California is $100 million.
- http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89349791

Cost of War on Drugs in 2010 (so far):
$ 23 Billion (and counting)
- http://www.drugsense.org/wodclock.htm

What was your overall IT spending last year? How much on
questionable security products?



Getting it Right
―Anesthesiologists pay less for malpractice insurance today, in
constant dollars, than they did 20 years ago.

That's mainly because some anesthesiologists chose a path many
doctors in other specialties did not. Rather than pushing for laws
that would protect them against patient lawsuits, these
anesthesiologists focused on improving patient safety.
Their theory: Less harm to patients would mean fewer lawsuits. ―

- Deaths dropped from 1 / 5,000 to 1 / 200,000 – 300,000
- Malpractice claims dropped 46% (from $ 332,280 in 1970 to $
179,010 in 1990's!
Premiums dropped 37% from $ 36,620 to $ 20,572.
- http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111931728319164845,00.html?mod=home%5Fpage%5Fone%5Fus



Air Force demanded, and purchased, SECURE
Desktops
2006 – After years of attacks, and dealing with a hodge-podge of desktop and server
configurations, The US Air Force develops the Secure Desktop Configuration
standard. All vendors are required to sell computers to the USAF (and later DOD, other
government agencies) with standardized, locked down configurations of:
• Windows
• MS Office
• Adobe Reader
• Norton AV
• Etc

US Dept Of Energy requires Oracle to deliver it’s databases in a secure configuration
developed by the Center for Internet Security (www.cisecurity.org)



ISO 8583 – ATM Standards
1987 Version
1993 Version
2003 Version

Each organization maps their data to the standard
when communicating with other firms.
Where’s the Industry standard for SECURE INTERNAL
DESKTOP CONFIGURATION? SECURE CLIENT
CONFIGURATION?



Conficker Working Group
Dec 2008 – Conficker Released.
Feb 12, 2009 – Microsoft offers $ 250,000 reward for identifying authors
Mar 31, 2009 – Nmap, Nessus, other tools release conficker detection tools

Current Status: Conficker practically eradicated (just like SmallPox)

However, Zeus and other bots are using what they learned from Conficker.



Microsoft – Security Champion!
Microsoft to assume control of Waledac domains
http://www.scmagazineus.com/microsoft-to-assume-control-over-waledac-domains/article/178492/

Microsoft sues hotmail domain squatters (ho0tmail, hot5mail, etc)
http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/archives/198358.asp

Microsoft sues fake Antivirus peddlers
http://www.darkreading.com/security/antivirus/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=220100423

Microsoft sues spammers who abused it’s spam filters
http://www.esecurityplanet.com/news/article.php/3888571/Microsoft-Sues-Spammers-Who-
Abused-Its-Spam-Filters.htm

Microsoft Security Essentials – Free AV software that works exceptionally well
http://www.microsoft.com/security_essentials/



Shameless Self-Promo

Brainlinks provides COMMON SENSE BASED IT Security and
Privacy Breach law compliance audits

Information Security Audits

IT Consulting for Healthcare

If you like what you're hearing, hire us!

www.brainlink.com



Contact Information
Raj Goel, CISSP
Chief Technology Officer
C: 917-685-7731
raj@brainlink.com
www.brainlink.com
www.linkedin.com/in/rajgoel


2010 10 27 Isc2 Protecting Consumer Privacy

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