Introduction to pharmacology

Pharmacology www.freelivedoctor.com

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],berries., poppy, lead, salt and crushed precious stones. Also included were products derived from animals, including lizard's blood, swine teeth, goose grease, ass hooves and the excreta from various animals. The effects of many of these drugs on patients of antiquity can only be imagined. www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],Although, traditional remedies still generally consisted of complex mixtures of distinct herbs and minerals, perhaps only one of which possessed any activity. Many poisonous mixtures were made. www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],morphine was isolated from the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) and the anti-malarial compound quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree ( Cinchona officinalis ). www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],worldwide, and remains an important drug today. (Interestingly, it was not until 1971 that Sir John Vane discovered the mechanism of action of aspirin, a feat that earned him the 1981 Nobel Prize for Medicine.) www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology Paul Ehrlich described drug-receptor binding: “ Corpora non agunt nisi fixate”. P. Ehrlich (1908) ( “ Agents do not act unless they are bound”) In the United States, transformation was marked by the creation of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) in 1908. www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],experimental science of pharmacology, which is devoted to understanding the physiological action of these molecules. www.freelivedoctor.com

History of Pharmacology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Pharmacology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Pharmacodynamics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Pharmacogenetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Drugs ,[object Object], HOWARD UNIVERSITY Drugs can be stimulatory or inhibitory www.freelivedoctor.com

Drugs ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com Receptor DRUG

Drugs ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Endogenous compounds act on their Receptors Neurotransmitter Neuropeptides Hormones Ions www.freelivedoctor.com

Receptor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Classification of Receptors www.freelivedoctor.com

Types of Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

G Protein–linked Receptors www.freelivedoctor.com

Enzyme-like Receptors www.freelivedoctor.com

Ligand-gated Ion-Channel Receptors www.freelivedoctor.com

Nuclear Receptors www.freelivedoctor.com

Drug-Receptor Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physicochemical and steric interactions www.freelivedoctor.com

Drug-Receptor Interactions Chemical Bonds Van der Waals Interactions Hydrophobic Interactions www.freelivedoctor.com

Drug-Receptor Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SIGNALLING PATHWAY www.freelivedoctor.comz

Receptor Signaling Pathways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Receptor Signaling Pathways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cAMP cGMP DAG and IP3 Arachidonic acid NO and CO Na + , Ca 2+ , K + , Cl - EFFECTORS SECOND MESSENGER www.freelivedoctor.com

Receptor Signaling Pathways R R R R www.freelivedoctor.com

Receptor Signaling Pathways www.freelivedoctor.com

Drug-Receptor Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Law of Mass Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Key Topics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drug Descriptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drug Names ,[object Object],Not Particularly Useful!

Drug Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Much More Useful

Drug References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Components of a Drug Profile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drug Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

State and Local Laws ,[object Object],[object Object]

Drug Standardization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Research and Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Six Rights of Medication Administration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pregnancy Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pregnancy Categories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pediatric Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Geriatric Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basics of Drug Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drug Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction to pharmacology

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Introduction to pharmacology

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