Original work and design created by 10th grade DSA students as part of the 'Legacy of Imperialism' Project. www.digitalsafari.org

1. Uganda
Country Development Plan
Britanny Castillo | Mario Jerez | Kharisma Rodriguez

2. Executive Summary
Uganda is located in South Central Africa, bordering Rwanda and Tanzania. After over a hundred
years of colonialism, Uganda gained independence from Great Britain in 1958. Since independence,
Uganda has improved with the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals. With the
MDGs in progression, the primary completion rate is 54%, meaning a little more than half the so-
ciety has obtained some sort of basic education. The health in Uganda was one of the worst in the
world, but has improved since the late twentieth century. In present day Uganda, there are many human
rights violations such as child abuse, child soldiers, and the existence of the Lord’s Resistance Army.
Ugandan health is ranked 186th out of all 191 nations. About 40% of the population lives in pov-
erty and 85% live in rural areas. The region of Karamoja is in severe poverty because of its arid and
vastly dry climate, making it difficult for the farmers to grow their crops. This leads to food insecu-
rity and malnourishment. In addition to the lack of food, there are cattle raiders that carry around
AK-47s and machetes killing random people because they are overly protective over their cattle. The
presence of various diseases is extremely common as well, such as AIDS, HIV, tuberculosis, hepati-
tis A and B. With only about 200 hospitals serving the 1.1 million people of the Karamoja region,
the limited knowledge of disease prevention, and the lack of nutrition, is wiping out the population.
Our project proposal is targeted towards health and we will lead a massive immunization drive for
humans and livestock, and workshops for farmers to make their farming techniques better. In addi-
tion to the immunization drive, we will distribute health care packages with contents such as mos-
quito nets and seeds. With the farmering workshops, we will teach topics from crop rotations to
creating basins to prevent the flooding of the crops. At the end of the workshops we will reward
the farmers with a start up packages and we will reward the villages with a seed and tool library.
This two-part project will impact the people of the Karamoja region creating an immediate im-
pact through immunization and long term effects, such as an increase in food security and bet-
ter health all throughout the 5 districts of the region. As the people become healthier, more
people will be able to work and improve their lives. As food security increases, violence will
also decrease because the cattle raiders will not disturbed for their cattle. Lastly, better farm-
ing techniques will increase the productivity of the villages and there will be less people starving.
2

3. Before Imperialism:
Around 2000 years ago, the Bantu population from central and western Af-
History
rica migrated to southern Buganda, which now Uganda. The Bantu devel-
oped social groups and government organizations which consisted of dif-
ferent societies and kingdoms that were controlled by clan leaders or chiefs.
The first formal government in Buganda was the Empire of Kitara, followed
by the kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, which became Buganda and Ankole.
In northern Buganda, the Nilotic people had migrated from Sudan, Kenya,
and Tanzania. The Nilotic people were cattle herders and farmers who had
no intention of creating any type of government. Through the years, they
spread across eastern and southern Uganda as well. In addition, there were
also Arab traders that settled in Buganda through the eastern coast of Africa.
During Imperialism:
When Great Britain entered Buganda, Germany was already settled. Great
Britain had a proposition that Germany would receive the island of Heli-
goland and the British protectorates would be established in Buganda. In
the meanwhile, a civil war broke out in Kampala, the capital of Buganda,
among the British Protestant missionaries and their French Catholic rivals.
In 1894, a protectorate over Buganda was declared by the British govern-
ment. After two years of imperialism, the British government controlled the
Ankole, Bunyoro, and Toro kingdoms, that formed Buganda and was re-
named the Uganda Protectorate. The strong power of the local african kings
convinced the British that control must be used thru them. Buganda was by
far the most significant of the kingdoms. The Johnston policy became ef-
fective with the Buganda Agreement of 1900. Johnston subsequently made
similar decisions with the rulers or Toro(in 1900) and of Ankole(1901).
With all of this achieved, there is a clean pattern for Uganda Proctetorate.
Milton Obote had no intention of sharing the power with the president. In 1966, Milton Obote took over and the pres-
Later on, Johnston returns to Britain. By the early 1960’s the leading Ugan-
ident fled the country, Obote then became a dictator. He ruled by terrorizing and harassing enemies and he also started
dan politician is Milton Obote, founder of Uganda’s people congress. Brit-
ethnic persecution. In 1971, Obote was overthrown by the Major General and Commander of the Ugandan army, Idi
ain granted full internal self government in March 1962. The next month
Amin. His ruling consisted of abusing human rights, ethnic perscution, extrajudicial killings, political repression, nepo-
Obote was elected prime minister.It is he who negotiated the terms of the
tism, and corruption. Throughout his rule Amin killed around 500,000 people, including specific ethnic groups, stu-
constitution under which Uganda became independent in October 1962.
dents, lawyers, journalists, religious leaders, judges, and many others. In 1972, Amin ordered expulsion to the 60,000
Asians who were not citizens of Uganda and he destroyed any land or businesses owned by any of the Asians. The
Independence:
loss of the Asians caused the Ugandan economy to collapse, as well as the roads and water supply was scarce. Idi Amin
As the British left Uganda it was unlike any other colonial country where
was taken out of power in 1979 by Tanzanian forces and Ugandan exiles. In 1980, Obote reigned for his second time
political parties were already organized to push for their own independence
causing repression and deaths of many civilians during the Ugandan Bush War. This happened because the elections
from a unwilling government. In fact, the major political party KY was
were rigged elections, leading to a guerrilla rebellion which was lead by Yoweri Musevini’s National Resistance Army.
against independence until the country decided on how they would self-rule.
During the war, 100,000 people were killed. The NRA entered the capital and had soon taken all of Uganda except
However, the political party UPC opposed KY because they thought of a
for areas in the north. This lead to political stability and economic growth in the 1990’s and many of the Asians that
systematic local government where different people had control of various
fled during Amin’s rule had returned to Uganda. However, Yoweri Musevini did not allow political parties until 2005.
parts. The president at the time was Kabaka Mutesa and the prime minister
was Milton Obote. Obote, being involved in the UPC, was to deal with the
The government of Uganda has been improving with a stable government. In addition, Uganda is still mostly dependent
Ugandan military. The Ugandan army mutinied, angered by their low salary.
on agriculture, but the potential for higher growth is feasible.
Later on, their desires were fulfilled and the army helped more in Uganda.
4

4. Timeline
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ense of ing Lake Vic
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Bunyoro 1963 r
the Victoria
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iver becom abaka Mut ote
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the Kagera R es pre es
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1972 Amin orders an n
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expulsion of the 60,0 0 M dictat ousted
00 198 me
1966 M Asians that are not a was
1894 Uganda becomes bec min istance
takes o ilton Obote Ugandan citizens
Idi
A o rd’s Res Uganda
a protectorate ver as
dictato 2001 L ts to run
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m-
e biblica pping
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1962 Uganda gains en
mandm of children an
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sh rule
pendence from Briti ds
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i Amin displace
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ting pala, was passed
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6

5. The Millennium Development Goals
1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Percentile Progress
Proportion of the population that earns below $1.25 a day (%) 52 Enhancing security,
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under the age of 5 (%) 19 disaster management
Prevelance of undernourishment (% of population) 15
2. Achieve Universal Primary Education Percentile Progress
Primary completion rate (%) 54 Enhancing teaching
Public expenditure per primary student (% of GDP per capita) 11 system
Literary rate, youth female (% ages 15-24) 84
Literacy rate, youth male (% ages 15-24) 88
Throughout the years, Uganda has done a marvelous portunities and to educate about rights and equality.
job of improving, with the use of the Millennium De-
velopment Goals. However, there is still a lot to be done Health in Uganda has improved within the past decade. 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Percentile Progress
to improve the lives of the citizens. In fact, more than Many steps have been taken to reduce child mortal- Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) 98 None
half of the population earns below $1.25 per day. That’s ity, such as immunizations against measles. To this day, Women in a nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employ- 39
only $37.50 per month! To help with this cause, the around 130 out of 1000 children under the age of five ment)
die, this has improved tremendously since the late 1900’s.
government and other organizations try to maintain a
In addition, maternal health has improved but is still in
well-balanced economy so that people’s incomes would 4. Reduce Child Mortality Percentile Progress
need of eradication because there are still 550 maternal
substantially improve. In addition, there are projects deaths per 100,000 live births. Most of the time, births Under-five mortality rate (per 100) 130 Improve pediatric
to enhance security and to improve disaster readiness. are not attended by skilled health staff, which leads to knowledge
Immunization against measles (% of children 12-23 months) 68
The root of most of these projects is education, which even more deaths. On the contrary, the prevalence of HIV
gives the stability to be able to improve the future gov- among the age group of 15 to 29 has gone down to 5.4%.
ernment and economy. In Uganda, the primary comple- 5. Improve Maternal Health Percentile Progress
tion rate is 54%, which means a little more than half of Lastly, the sustainability of the environment has not Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 550 Extra financing for
the population has received some form of professional been completely figured out. There are many areas Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 women from the ages 15-19) 152 mothers
education. In this case, there will be generations of kids that the government does not protect, putting the
Births attended by skilled heath staff (%) 42
that will not know the significance of education because people in harm’s way. There is also a large population
their parents would have not finished their education. of people that do not have access to improved sanita-
tion facilities, leading to diseases. Many projects such 6. Combat HIV/AIDS and Other Diseases Percentile Progress
as flood protection, water sanitation, and reforestation Prevelance of HIV (% of population ages 15-29) 5.4 Influenza prevention
Gender equality is an issue in many areas, which in-
has been maintaining much of the environment itself. Tuberculosis (per 100,00) 330
cludes the belief of women being inferior. The oppor-
tunities for women are slimmer than those for men These Millennium Development goals have opened
and that is why only 39% of women are not in some a new chapter to finding a project to help Ugan- 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability Percentile Progress
type of agricultural employment. The actions being da to eradicate poverty, achieve primary edu- Access to an improved water source (%) 64 Water sanitation,
done to improve this is to promote giving equal op- cation, improve health, and multiple others. flood protection
Nationally protected areas (%) 32
8

6. Human Rights Status Report
From 1890’s to the 1920’s, Uganda
was colonized by Great Britain.
Currently, Uganda has a lot of is-
sues involving the human rights.
These rights related to child abuse,
working rights, child labor, being a
homosexual, freedom of press, and
minimum legal wage, plays a role in
Uganda on how it’s organized today.
These problems are serious and we
must realize how their human rights can’t have a job due to the injury mately 170,000 refugees in Uganda
are being violated and ignored. risks that can happen. For example, who have escaped from the continu-
a child at the age of 10 can get hurt ous battle in their native country.
One right that is violated is that by using a machine for cutting big
child abuse still remains a critical pieces of wood by sawing off one of One of the most important viola-
problem in Uganda. Girls from 5 to their limbs from their body. On the tions to Human Rights that take
16 are raped and suffer other sexual other hand, teens around the ages place in Uganda involves homo-
abuses as well. In September 2009, of 13 through 18 were involved in sexuality. Uganda is the country
the African Network released a re- child labor which was known as “ where it is technically illegal to be
port for Prevention against Child light work” where they would have a homosexual. In October of 2009,
Abuse and Neglect, which stated to do domestic work, taking care the Anti-Homosexuality Bill was
that about 8,286 child-related of the siblings, and doing laundry. passed. This stated that there would
abuse cases were accounted to the be harsher punishments for those
authorities. In addition, the other Northern Uganda is the one of the who are homosexual, which in-
cases of abuse committed against worst places to be a child because cluded the death penalty. This also
children is the main reason for chil- half of the families are refuges or forbids landlords from renting to
dren disappearing, torture toward are escaping from the Lord’s Resis- any publicly known homosexual. So
children, child trafficking and as- tance Army (The LRA) who kidnap basically, this law states that anyone
sault. In other news, corporal pun- children for child soldiers and had who thinks that another person is
ishment in schools has decreased violence in their own villages that guilty of being homosexual is sup-
since a 2006 ban on the practice. have been attacked by the rebels. In posed to report them to the po-
such cases, the rebels have abducted lice or they will face consequences
The workers of Uganda that are “es- more than 20,000 children for sol- of being fined or sent to prison.
sential” or government employees, diers and child prostitution, while
which include police, army, and also the government is keeping camps These innocent citizens deserve to
management level officials joined an to keep families safe. In addition, have their rights, and no one has
independent union. This right also the government stated that it’s like the right to take their rights away
allows the union to perform their heaven for the refugees even though from them. However, a lot of people
activities without. Another right is it is tough being near the area of the do not realize what is being taken
the right to protest that the work- great lakes region. The reason why away from them since they have
ers put into practice. Furthermore, the refugees are in camps is so that been influenced so deeply. They
there is a right were it is prohibited in time they will be transported to have no idea of what a fair govern-
for children to work under the age another region to build up their life ment and country is supposed to be
of 18. In this case, in Uganda a child again in peace. There are approxi- like and they truly deserve better.
10

7. Environmental Status
The country of Uganda has been under- Safari’s are big business in Uganda and
going a lot of environmental issues. Due those that track gorillas constitute about
to rapid, unplanned agricultural expan- half of the country’s tourism revenue.
sion, the availability of water and fertility Plus the mountain gorilla is becoming
of the land declined because of erosion. endangered; therefore Uganda is try-
There is also a major issue of deforesta- ing to expand the size of gorillas. Other
tion, when vast areas of forest have been endangered species are the chimpanzee,
destroyed by agricultural practices. In ad- wild dog, and as well as the moon shrew.
dition, trees and other vegetation were The founder of the earth organization
not replanted to achieve new growth and negotiated with the LRA for two days
overgrazing lead to permanent loss of to secure the endangered animals safety.
plant life. The reason of these mistakes
are because the people have little knowl- However, not all of the environmental is-
edge that their actions are destroying their sues are in the rural areas. Even the most
natural resources, including the draining advanced city in Uganda is facing a lot of
of wetlands for agricultural use. The lack environment problems. Since they have
of water caused many wildfires that have not completely industrialized, there are
destroyed much of the land and a lot of no fixed regulations for basic sewage sys-
flooding has damaged crops. This greatly tems and even roads. Many of the rest-
impacted the farmers and people in pover- rooms are built in front of other peoples’
ty, because without the natural resources, houses or even near the areas where chil-
they practically have nothing. Over 75% dren play, and this causes a lot of issues
of the Ugandan working class is involved when it comes to diseases. In addition,
in agriculture and all of these environmen- the roads have not been constructed to
tal issues are significantly affecting their keep water from becoming stagnant.
ability to work and get what they need. Without being fully industrialized, waste
has accumulated and there is no proper
Uganda has started work on habituating way of disposing of any type of waste
another mountain gorilla group to people or trash. There are 83% of households
in order to expand safaris in its famous that use pits that are dug in the ground
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. for toilets. Also, 14% of the population
Habituation involves gradually exposing does not even have a bathroom and 12%
gorillas to people in order for the highly have to share outside bathrooms. Ugan-
territorial groups to get accustomed to da has not been able to stabilize their
human presence. Once the gorilla groups environment to a point that they can
become used to people being around, avoid simple water-borne diseases or to
they are much less likely to get frightened simply dispose of their trash efficiently.
or aggressive when safari tours show up.
12
7

8. Map of Uganda
17
The capital of Uganda is Kampala which is located about Lake Victoria. Uganda is located in between Ke-
nya and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Lake Victoria lay in the south-eastern part of the country and the
Nile river runs through the middle of the country. Uganda has a lot of mountains in the north-eastern parts
where the Karamoja region, one of the driest places in Africa, is located at..
14

9. Description
of Needs Uganda has one of the worse health- ers in this region are in severe poverty
care records in the world. It’s easy to because it is difficult for the farmers to
tell why Uganda has the worse record. grow and maintain crops. The lack of
By looking at the statistics it shows that farming leads to food insecurity and “Their last
one in every 200 births a women dies malnourishment. In addition, HIV
in labor. Also, child mortality occurred and AIDS have killed a large number successful
in 140 out of 1000 births for children of adults, leaving more than 1 mil- harvest was
under the age of five. Not just that , lion children living without parents.
around 1 million people are living with in 2005.”
AIDS or HIV. Malaria is the cause of WOMEN
14% of all deaths and less than 10% of In the rural regions, women are especial-
children under five are sleeping under ly disadvantaged because they lack vari-
insecticide-treated nets. In this case, ous social services and the lack of avail-
it shows that Ugandan health issues able health care. The women also have
is ranked 186th out of 191 nations. to work longer hours than the men, on
top of taking care of orphaned children.
Some districts in Uganda have served
a 20 year battle between the Lords Re- KEY DISEASES
sistance army (LRA) and the Ugan- The people also do not have much
dan government. The people in this knowledge of bacteria and health ef-
case are taken to camps where they fects due to the environment. In ad-
are overcrowded, where people are liv- dition, roads or sewage lines are not
ing in poverty and are more vulnerable available so waste and stagnant water
to diseases. The tough part is health surrounds the people in their daily
care is scarce, fewer students complete lives. This leads to more cases of ma-
secondary school, and few meet the laria and the dengue fever. Also, since
requirements to attend medical and the people do not have access to clean
nursing training programs. Uganda’s water, most people use the stagnant
healthy system is only served by 700 water to wash dishes and clothes, and
doctors. The people in Uganda also when they eat food that has come con-
has poor health due to its lack of sup- tact with the dirty water they are more
plies, the distance of hospitals, sanita- likely to be infected with hepatitis A
tion in the hospitals, and there is no or hepatitis B. In many cases, the lack
proper process of delivering births. of knowledge and contact with one
another is the reason why infectious
RURAL ASPECT diseases are more widespread. Many
Uganda’s rural areas are home to more parents have had diseases passed down
than 85% of the population and 40% of from their own parents, which then
rural people live in poverty. The poorest passes down to their own children,
regions of Uganda are in the north and without them even realizing. These
north-east. This region of the country diseases take out nearly a third of the
is in deep poverty because it is dry, it population over time and in most cas-
has extreme variability of rainfall, and es, the people do not have any knowl-
the fertility of the soil makes farming a edge of how to cure the people or they
hastle. This is the reason why the farm- do not have the resources to do so.
16

10. Pr oject Proposal
We plan to help Uganda’s health issues by immu- driest and poorest regions of Africa. The Karamo- offered by the village will be used as a ward where these orphans
nizing the people and livestock, and also assisting ja region is home to more than 1.1 million people. will stay for the time of their treatment. In addition, health care
farmers. Immunizing people and their livestock In addition, the Lord’s Resistance Army and the packages will be distributed. The health care packages will con-
will create an immediate impact and assisting Karamojong cattle raiders also effect the region. sist of three mosquito nets, slippers for every person, some seeds,
farmers will create a lasting effect among the vil- The cattle raiders carry around machetes or guns and a booklet in their language containing information about
lages. The long term effects of assisting the farm- due to the fact that most of their grazing land was those major diseases and sanitation tips. With the arid weather
ers will be an increase in food security, more ex- taken over, so they commit random acts of vio- and more than a 70% crop failure, the people of Karamoja rely
ports, and a decrease of the population in poverty. lence. This region is also referred to as one of the on their livestock for food. However, the change of climate and
recent flooding has affected livestock because of the rise of dis-
The immunization drive and farmers’ assistance worst places to be a child due to the lack of schools
ease. We plan to concentrate our livestock vaccinations on mainly
all come together to support the improvement of and the severely poor health. The dry climate ex-
200,000 households. Vaccines will be given to cattle, sheep, and
health through immediate treatment and to sus- acerbates the scarcity of crops, which lead to food
goat since these animals are the most common in this region.
tain better health through nutrition. This proj- insecurity and malnourished people that then have
ect will also help poverty because when farmers poor defense against diseases. There is also a lack
IMPROVING AGRICULTURE
learn techniques to improve their harvests, then of qualified health care in this region, with only
In this segment of the project, we will be teaching the farm-
people will have enough food to become healthy, 5 hospitals supporting the 5 districts; the people ers from each village through hands-on seminars. We will be
and when the people are healthy and able to fight are not able to receive the treatment they need. showing the farmers the practices in land preparation, fertilizer
off diseases, they are able to sufficiently work to application, crop rotations, seed distribution techniques, green
improve their lives and support their families. THE MASSIVE IMMUNIZATION DRIVE manures and weed control. There will be demonstrations on
The immunization drive will consist of vaccines how to create basins to store or distribute excess rain to crops
THE KARAMOJA REGION for malaria, hepatitis A, measles, yellow fever, and without flooding the crops. At the end of the workshops, we will
Our project will be implemented in the north- tuberculosis. During the immunization drive, the reward the farmers a start up package, which includes fertilizer
eastern part of Uganda, in the Karamoja region. It people will also be educated about the spread of and seeds. In addition, we will also reward the villages by creating
containings five different districts, which are Abim, these diseases, prevention, and care. Special and a seed and tool library. There will be one library in each village
Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, and Nakapiripirit. This extended treatment will be given to the orphans that will serve the purpose of a seed bank for when farmers need
region of Uganda is mostly savannah.Also, it is that are suffering from any of those major diseases, more seeds and there will be a wide variety of tools, such as hoes
surrounded by large mountains and is one of the as well as HIV/AIDS. Any available space that is and seed drills, that will also be available for farmers to check out.
18

11. Impact Analysis
The Massive Immunization Drive
Environmental Impact
During the immunization drive, there will be more cars driving around the region. This
will possibly add more chemicals in the air from gas emissions. There will also be an area
that will be used for landfill to dispose of any plastics and other containers in which the
medications will be kept in. The population will increase as the death toll decreases, and
more people will result in more demand for food, housing, livestock, and other services.
Social & Cultural Impact
There will be healthier people and less people that will be carrying around the different
diseases, meaning there will be people with more energy to work. This will also increase
the percentage of people that will be able to work which in turn will increase demand
for employment.
Impact on the Individuals Involved
The immunization drive will help families by reducing the risk of their fam-
ily members from dying and to prevent future generations from receiving the vi-
rus. Families will also be in better condition to be employed or to go to schools.
Improving Agriculture
Environmental Impact
During this process, there will be an increase in crops. In addition, more water will
be needed at the beginning of the process, but will decrease because of the creation
of the basins and improvements in the irrigation systems. The basins will also de-
crease flooding among the crops. Finally, increased crop production may result in
a decrease in land available for grazing, but we expect this decrease to be minimal.
Social & Cultural Impact
Violence will decrease because the cattle raiders will not be completely disturbed since
the food insecurity will diminish.
Impact on the Individuals Involved
This will help the whole community because food insecurity will diminish. The po-
tential for the village to be more productive will increase because there will be less
people starving. In addition, the lives of the farmer’s will change dramatically because
they will be able to make more profit, feed their families, and pay their bills sufficiently.
20

12. Year 1: PRE-LAUNCH First we will gather any willing
medical providers from America, veterinarians, and other
volunteers with basic knowledge about farming. We will
educate all of the staff about the conditions in the Kar-
mplementation
amoja region, including the weather, the culture, society, the
Project I
Lord’s Resistance Army, and the Karamojong cattle raid-
ers that they may encounter during their stay. We will also
teach them how to introduce themselves and live among the
people of Karamoja according the Karamojong culture. The
medical providers and veterinarians will be given a hand-
book which they can refer to if they need to be reminded
about the condition in Karamoja and about the different
vaccines that they will be giving to either humans or live-
stock. On the other hand, the rest of the volunteers will be
given information about land preparation, crop rotations,
green manure, different types of fertilizer, seeds, and tools.
Year 2: LAUNCH Our first couple of months will be the
time when all the staff will visit the different districts to in-
troduce themselves and to state their purpose. The five dis-
tricts of the Karamoja region that will be approached will
be in the order of Nakapiripirit, Abim, Kaabong, Kotido,
and then Moroto. There will be 25 medical providers in
different fields of medicine and 15 veterinarians for the im-
munization drive. In addition, there will be 10 other volun-
teers that will be responsible for teaching the farmers the
techniques during the workshops. This is the time when
all 50 people will live among the people, learning their cul-
ture and getting to know what they mainly need help with.
Year 2-3 The massive immunization drive and farm-
ing workshops will commence. The staff will drive in
convoy, tackling the five districts one by one. A total
number of 5 months will be devoted to each district.
Year 4-5 The building of the seed and tool library within the
villages will be launched. Farmers will be set up to teach
the other farmers the techniques they have learned during
the workshops. Then, farmers throughout the Karamoja re-
gion will apply the techniques and improve the agriculture.
Year 6-7 Close maintenance and assistance to sustain the
better farming practices and better health. There will also
be a last immunization drive to secure generations of im-
munity. The farming workshops will also be available to
refresh memories and to introduce the new techniques
to other farmers willing to learn that were not part of the
first set of workshops. As we conclude this first proj-
ect, the farmers will continue to spread their knowledge
and techniques to other farmers and later generations.
22