wat is motivation

2. © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Chapter 6 6 – What Is Motivation? Direction Persistence Intensity

4. Direction

6. © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Chapter 6 6 – Direction Persistence Intensity

10. Content Theories of Motivation Self- Actualization Esteem Belongingness Safety Physiological Growth Relatedness Existence Motivator--Hygiene Theory Motivators Hygienes Need for Achievement Need for Power Need for Affiliation McClelland’s Learned Needs ERG Theory Needs Hierarchy Theory

11. Need Hierarchy Theory (Maslow) Physiological needs Safety needs Social needs Esteem needs Self- actualization needs Lower-order needs Higher-order needs

12. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self- actualization Esteem Belongingness Security Physiology Food Achievement Status Friendship Stability Job Friends Pension Base NEEDS General Examples Organizational Examples job Challenging title at work plan salary

16. Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)

17. Two-Factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)

19. Needs Theories Maslow Herzberg Hygiene Motivators Factors Social Safety Physiological Self-Actualisation Esteem

21. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory High Motivation High Hygienes Adapted from Figure 14.4 Low High Motivators Low Low Motivation Dissatisfaction Low Dissatisfaction 14.6

22. Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job dissatisfaction Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job satisfaction

25. David McClelland’s Theory of Needs David McClelland’s Theory of Needs nAch nPow nAff

28. Expectancy Theory E X H I B I T 6-8

29. © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Chapter 6 6 – Expectancy Theory (Vroom) 3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence 1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy 2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality Individual Effort Individual Performance Personal Goals Organisational Rewards 1 2 3

30. Overview of Expectancy Theory Effort Expectancy Instrumentality Valence of reward Performance Reward MOTIVATION Role perceptions and opportunities Abilities and traits JOB PERFORMANCE X X

32. How Expectancy Theory Works © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Expectancy Effort - Performance Link E=0 No matter how much effort you put in, probably not possible to memorise the text in 24 hours Instrumentality Performance - Rewards Link I=0 Your tutor does not look like someone who has £1 million Valence Rewards - Personal Goals Link V=1 There are a lot of wonderful things you could do with £1 million Your tutor offers you £1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning. Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.

34. Work Motivation Model Smith & Cranny E X H I B I T Rewards Performance Effort or Intention Satisfaction

36. Integrative Expectancy Model Adapted from Figure 14.7 Role perceptions Satisfaction Perceived equity Effort-reward link Performance Effort Value of reward Abilities and traits Extrinsic rewards Intrinsic rewards 14.10

40. Matching Achievers and Jobs

41. Performance Dimensions E X H I B I T 6-9