1. DENTAL CAPS / CROWNS & BRIDGES Dental crowns, also referred to as "dental caps" or "tooth caps," are dental restorations that cover over and encase the tooth on which they are cemented . Dentists make use of dental crowns when need to rebuild broken or decayed teeth , strengthen teeth , or improve the cosmetic appearance of a tooth , Placing a dental crown on a tooth that has had root canal treatment. Crowns can be made out of porcelain (meaning some sort of dental ceramic), metal (a gold or other metal alloy), or a combination of both. Other terms that are used to refer to dental crowns are "dental caps" and "tooth caps."

9. Suggested Margin Preparation Shoulder with rounded axio-cervical line angle, uniform circular ablation Chamfer preparation (with reduced mechanical support of the crown). Particularly used with reduced substructure (e.g., after repeated crowning).

11. Common Preparation Errors Incorrect preparation of the labial surface: Preparation in one plane; therefore insufficient reduction of substance. Fracture of the crown may result due to insufficient wall thickness of the crown. Incorrect preparation of the labial surface, risk of damage to the pulp.

14. ANTERIOR CROWN PREPARATION Reduce lingual surface 1.5 mm at the area of centric contact (not less than 1.0 mm) and 0.8 to 1.0 mm along the remaining lingual surface. Tooth preparation length should reflect a 1.5 to 2.0 mm occlusal (incisal) reduction. Incorporate taper of 8 to 10 degrees (never more than 12º)

15. STAGES OF TOOTH PREP Original position of teeth. Preferred final position of teeth. Actual preparation required to achieve preferred final position of teeth.

17. Use medium grit, round-ended diamond bur to remove uniform thickness of facial enamel by joining the depth-cut grooves.

20. POSTERIOR CROWN PREPARATION

22. Inlay Preparation