English basics

1. Sentence Structure
Parts of Speech

2. DAY 1

3. Subject and Predicate
Before starting to write, you need to structure
your sentences the correct way.
Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.

4. Subject
The subject of a sentence tells you who we
are talking about.
Look at the following sentence:
The subject is:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The eight planets

5. Subject
The most important word in the subject is the
noun.
In the sentence:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The noun is: planets

6. NounsA noun is a word that tells a person, a place, a
thing, or an animal.
Person: boy, girl, teacher, student, waitress,
actor, politician, Sofía, Janet, Brian, etc.
Place: restaurant, school, house, library, store,
Chilli´s, Soriana, Telmex.
Thing: book, cup, pencil, phone, cookies,
Oreo, Mazapan Azteca, etc.
Animal: lion, zebra, dog, cat, monkey, Firulais,
Toto, etc.

7. Nouns
Nouns can be common or proper.
Common nouns tells about general non-
specific nouns: school, boy, girl, cookies.
Proper nouns tells about a specific noun: Julia,
Daniel, Oreo, Instituto de la Juventud, etc.
Nouns can be singular or plural.

8. Singular nouns name only one person, place, thing, or
animal.
Plural nouns name two or more person, place, thing, or
animal.
To form the plural:
Add –s in most nouns.
Add –es when the noun ends with sh, ch, s, x, z.
Change y to i and add –es.
Change f or fe to –ves.

9. Irregular Plural Nouns
Some nouns change the vowel sound when change to
plural. For example:
Goose – geese
Man – men
Tooth – teeth
Mouse – mice
Some nouns don´t change at all when become plurals. Like:
fish, deer, sheep, salmon, vacation, species.
Other irregular plural nouns:
Child – children
Ox - oxen

10. Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes the noun.
In English, the adjective usually comes before
the noun or pronoun.
In the sentence:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The adjective is eight.

11. Adjectives answer one of these three questions:
1. What kind is it?
2. How many are there?
3. Which one is it?
To make comparisons, you will use comparative or superlative
adjectives.
Comparative adjectives: compares two nouns. Add –er to the
adjective. Example: fast - faster
Superlative adjectives: compares more three or more nouns. Add
–est to the adjective. Example: fast - fastest

12. Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that substitute the noun.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

13. Pronouns
Pronouns as
Subject
Pronouns as
Object
Pronouns as
Possessive
Adjective
Possessive
Pronouns
Reflexive
Pronoun
1st person
Singular I Me My Mine myself
2nd person
Singular You You Your Yours yourself
3rd person
singular
He
She
It
Him
Her
It
His
Her
Its
His
Hers
Its
Himself
Herself
Itself
1st person
plural
We Us Our Ours ourselves
2nd person
plural
You You Your Yours yourselves
3rd person
plural
They Them Their Theirs themselves

14. Homework
Look for a newspaper or magazine article.
Read the article and identify all the parts of speech learnt
today.
Make a list of all the nouns, common and proper, singular
and plural (regular and irregular).
Make a list of the adjectives and identify how they are
describing the noun.
Identify any comparative or superlative adjective.
Pronouns, identify them and tell what kind of pronoun are
they.
Send your article and your homework to:
homework@mexicoonehundred.org