The document discusses renewable electricity development in the Arab region. It provides an overview of the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), including its mission, members, experts, work areas, partnerships, and advantages. Statistics and information are presented on electricity markets, generation from renewables, operational capacities and targets, investments, and policies in RCREEE member states. Public projects, competitive bidding, power purchase agreements, and feed-in tariffs are discussed as approaches to renewable energy project development in Arab countries.

1. Renewable Electricity Development in
the Arab Region
Maged Mahmoud
Senior Expert, RCREEE
August 2013

2. 2
Who We Are
 Independent not-for-profit center
 Currently funded by Germany, Egypt, Denmark and EU
 Legitimacy through regional governments
 Native qualified experts
 Headquartered in Cairo, Egypt
 Strong global partners network
Our Mission “To enable a sustainable growth in Arab
states’ adoption of renewable energy
and energy efficiency applications and
initiatives through leading regional policy
dialogues, learning, and research.”

3. 3
RCREEE in Numbers
 12 Permanent staff
 13 National focal points
 13 BoT members
 5 Executive committee members
 €1 Million of annual total fund
Our Mission
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
German Grants Danish Grants Egyptian Grant Fee-for-Service Contracts
Funding Trends (2011-2012)
(Amounts expressed in Egyptian pounds)
2011 2012

4. 4
Our Member States

5. 5
Our History
Oct: Bahrain, Iraq, and Sudan
Joined RCREEE bringing number
of member states to 13.
Dec: MoU signed with IRENA.
2009 2011
Jun: Strategic business
plan (2013-2016)
approved.
2012
Aug: Host Country Agreement with Egypt signed
giving the center an international NFP status.
Nov: Project Implementation Agreement between
the goverments of Egypt and Germany enabling a
start up funding for RCREEE of €4 million from
Egypt and €6 million from Germany.
Dec: Grant Agreement with GIZ providing €1,5
million to RCREEE as direct fund.
2010
Jun: Cairo Declaration
signed to found RCREEE.
2008
Feb: Organizational Charta
adopted by the founding member
states.
Jul: Strategic alliance with LAS.
Dec: Grant agreement with
DANIDA providing €12,75 million
fund.
Apr: MoU signed with
Dii.
Sep: Launching AFEX.
2013

6. 6
Principal Organizational Structure
Board of Trustees
13 representatives
(one of each Member State)
Executive Committee
5 representatives
(3 Gov. and 2 Private Sector)
Secretariat
Executive Director and staff
(11 staff and 8 Interns)
NationalFocalPoints
GIZ
Advisory
Section

7. 7
Our Experts
Dr. Tareq Emtairah , Executive Director
15+ Years of experience in sustainability, environmental socioeconomics, energy policies management, and
transition management fields combining both corporation and public authority perspectives.
Amal Mrad Bida, Program Manager – Research and Analysis
Mrs. Amel Bida is a seasoned professional with 25 years of experience in renewable energy, energy
efficiency, climate change, clean development mechanisms, and carbon finance fields.
Eng. Maged K. Mahmoud, Program Manager – Capacity Development
Engineer Maged K. Mahmoud is a renewable energy and energy efficiency, research, and development
expert. His pioneering expertise focuses on solar and wind energy R&D, as well as planning on strategic and
project levels.
Eng. Ashraf Kraidy, Program Manager – Technical Assistance
Engineer Ashraf Kraidy is a renewable energy and energy efficiency expert with 11 years of expertise in cost-
effective policies design institution capabilities, technical assistance, and implementation strategies in the
Arab region.
Nurzat Myrsalieva, Policy Analyst

8. 8
Our Work Areas
Research and Analysis
• Data collection and
analysis
• Reports, indexes, and
performance indicators
• Maintaining a regional
database
• Monitoring and
assessment
• Specific studies
• Publishing and
dissemination
• Research and
development grants
Capacity Development
• Pricing and tariffs
• Projects planning and
management
• Products and services
certification and
standardization
• New technology
orientation
• Energy service
providers regulations
and certification
• Statistics, research, and
data analysis
Technical Assistance
• Certification and
standardization
schemes and guidelines
• Policies and regulations
design
• Implementation
planning
• Compliance guidelines
• Projects tendering
processes design and
guidelines
• Research and
development grants

9. 9
Awareness of
Stakeholders
National
Policies &
Regulations
Our Results Framework
A Significant Share of Renewable
Resources and a Highly-Efficient Energy
Consumption in the Arab Region
Public &
Private
Investments
Institutional
Capacities &
Technical Standards
Facts &
Figures
Institutions People Policies Finance

10. 10
Examples of RCREEE Products
Result Area Focus
Policy
-----------------------------------
Institutions
-----------------------------------
People
•Study on the impacts assessment of RE & EE policies in RCREEE MS
•Arabian RE Strategy (with LAS)
•National Energy Efficiency Actions Plans (with LAS)
•Energy Efficiency Indicators study
•New Perspectives for Carbon Trading for RE&EE Projects
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•Land use agreement models for RE projects
•RE pricing systems, the Feed in Tariff systems
•SWHs Certification and Standardization (with LAS)
•Development of a Compliance Tool for Building Energy Efficiency Code
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•Fundamentals of Wind Energy (planning and modeling / O&M of wind farms)
•Energy Audit in the Building sector
•Financing RE projects
•EE measures and plans.
•Solar-MED-Atlas
•Solar Power Technologies
•Carbon Trade for RE&EE projects
•Labels & Standards for Home Appliances
•NAMA potential in RCREEE member states
RCREEE organized over 30 technical traning and expert workshops. Close to 700 participants from the
Member States joined these events supported financially by RCREEE. At the same time RCREEE organized
and supported 4 conferences in the region.

11. 11
Selected Publications
Renewable
Energy
Country
Profiles 2012
Energy
Efficiency
Country
Profiles 2012
Latest Electricity
Price Schemes in
RCREEE Member
States
CDM in
RCREEE
Member
States
Wind of Change
in Arab and
International
Energy
Systems:
Electricity from
Wind (Arabic)
Energy Efficiency
Indicators in the
Southern and
Eastern
Mediterranean
Countries
The Annual
Progress Report
of NEEAPs
(Arabic)
Land Use
Agreement
Model
Power
Purchase
Agreement
Model
RCREEE
Member States
among the First
Movers to the
NAMAs
Energy Efficiency
Labels and Standards
for Home Appliances
in RCREEE Member
States (Arabic)
SHAMCI
Certification
Rules

12. 12
Native Arab and international experts network
Regional knowledge exchange and integration
Dedicated local and offshore capacity development programs
Dedicated technical assistance to local
institutional and policies design initiatives
Legitimate voice of true and accurate data from local
sources
The RCREEE Advantage
Covered offshore internship opportunities
Dedicated local focal points
Chair in the center’s steering committee
13 Arab sates are already members

13. Our Partners Network
UNESCWA
RCREEE successfully developed a substantial network of cooperation
partners. These partnership constitute an important relational capital
for achieving our objectives.
Founders Cooperation Partners

14. 14
“The best way to predict your future …
is to create it.”
Peter Drucker
Renewable Electricity in the Arab Region

15. Electricity Generated in RCREEE Countries
In 2011, the generated electricity from
RE reached about 0.6% in RCREEE
states. The highest share was in
Morocco with 2.9%
In the same year , the share of
Hydropower was more than 7%. The
highest percentage reached was in
Sudan with 76.3%
RCREEE 2012.

16. Electricity Markets

17. Electricity Markets

18. 0 5 10 15 20
Syria
Bahrain
Iraq
Libya
Egypt
Yemen
Lebanon 2010
Sudan
Jordan
Tunis
Morocco
Palestine
Price ($cent/kWh)
Country
Average price of Electricity at Average
household Consumption
Electricity Markets
0 5000 10000 15000
Yemen
Sudan
Morocco
Palestine
Algeria
Tunis
Iraq
Egypt
Syria
Lebanon
Jordan
Libya
Bahrain
kWh
Country
Consumption per capita (kWh) in 2010
RCREEE 2012.
RCREEE 2012.
The countries considered are those members in the Regional Center of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), i.e. the southern and eastern Mediterranean Arab Countries plus
Bahrain, Iraq, Sudan and Yemen.

19. Share of RE (installed capacity MW)
RCREEE 2013

20. RE in RCREEE Countries
RCREEE 2012.
Realized, under construction, awarded
and tendered RE projects in RCREEE
Countries
The countries considered are those members in the Regional Center of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), i.e. the southern and eastern Mediterranean Arab Countries plus
Bahrain, Iraq, Sudan and Yemen.
The capacities include the awarded and under construction projects, e.g. the 60MW wind under construction in Libya and the recently awarded PV projects in Bahrain are taken into
consideration, the total capacity of wind in Egypt includes the operational 550MW plus the recently awarded 200MW, similarly, the Moroccan CSP capacity includes the operational
20MW plus 160MW recently awarded, and so on.
RCREEE 2012.

21. Operational Capacities and Targets
Solar Energy
2800 MW CSP +
700MW PV
by 2027
2800MW
PV+7200MW
CSP
by 2030
2000 MW
by 2020
~ 1700 MW
by 2030
400 MW
CSP+800MW PV
by 2025
200 MW
by 2020
20MWPV+40
MW CSP
by 2016
1750MWPV+
250MW CSP by
2030
40MW PV+20MW
CSP by 2020
Existing end 2011: ~75MW PV+ 65 CSP
100MW PV+
500MW CSP
150MW by
2020
Only for RCREEE MS

22. Operational Capacities and Targets
114 MW
Wind Energy
550 MW
>7200 MW
by 2020
~1750 MW
by 2030
2000 MW
by 2020
~ 2700 MW
by 2030
1000 MW
by 2025
1.4 MW
2000MW
by 2030 200 MW
by 2020
~ 350 MW
by 2016
400MW
by 2016
18MW
by 2020
Existing end 2011: ~957 MW
1200 MW
by 2020
400 MW
by 2025
Only for RCREEE MS
291MW

23. Capacities
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Iraq
Lebanon
Palestine
Bahrain
Algeria
Jordan
Syria
Libya
Yemen
Sudan
Tunis
Morocco
Egypt
Capacity (MW)
Realized, under construction, awarded and
tendered RE projects (MW) - end 2011
Wind
CSP
PV
RCREEE 2012.
The countries considered are those members in the Regional Center of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), i.e. the southern and eastern Mediterranean Arab Countries plus
Bahrain, Iraq, Sudan and Yemen.
The capacities include the awarded and under construction projects, e.g. the 60MW wind under construction in Libya and the recently awarded PV projects in Bahrain are taken into
consideration, the total capacity of wind in Egypt includes the operational 550MW plus the recently awarded 200MW, similarly, the Moroccan CSP capacity includes the operational
20MW plus 160MW recently awarded, and so on.

24. Investments
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Iraq
Lebanon
Palestine
Bahrain
Algeria
Jordan
Syria
Libya
Yemen
Sudan
Tunis
Morocco
Egypt
Investments ($ million)
Accumulated investments for realized,
under construction, awarded and tendered RE projects ($ Million)
2011
2008
RCREEE 2012.
The countries considered are those members in the Regional Center of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), i.e. the southern and eastern Mediterranean Arab Countries plus Bahrain,
Iraq, Sudan and Yemen.
The capacities include the awarded and under construction projects, e.g. the 60MW wind under construction in Libya and the recently awarded PV projects in Bahrain are taken into consideration,
the total capacity of wind in Egypt includes the operational 550MW plus the recently awarded 200MW, similarly, the Moroccan CSP capacity includes the operational 20MW plus 160MW recently
awarded, and so on.
Some investments for projects were not disclosed , and accordingly estimations based on average regional market prices were used for different technologies , taking into account the year of
operation for relevant project and the corresponding cost trends , e.g. PV off grid systems prices used were $ 8,7,6, and 5/kWp for the years 2008, 2009,2010, and 2011 respectively

25. 0%
2%
4%
10%
10%
10%
12%
15%
20%
25%
40%
40%
42%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Bahrain
Iraq
Syria
Jordan
Libya
Sudan
Lebanon
Yemen
Egypt
Palestine
Algeria
Tunis
Morocco
RE Share (%)
Renewable Energy Targets in RCREEE Countries
RCREEE 2012.
The countries considered are those members in the Regional Center of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE), i.e. the southern and eastern
Mediterranean Arab Countries plus Bahrain, Iraq, Sudan and Yemen.
The capacities include the awarded and under construction projects, e.g. the 60MW wind under construction in Libya and the recently awarded PV projects in
Bahrain are taken into consideration, the total capacity of wind in Egypt includes the operational 550MW plus the recently awarded 200MW, similarly, the
by 2020 (electricity)
by 2030 (electricity)
by 2030 (electricity)
by 2020 (energy)
by 2020 (electricity)
by 2025 (electricity)
by 2020 (electricity)
by 2016 (electricity)
by 2025 (electricity)
by 2020 (P.E.)
by 2030 (P.E.)
by 2030 (electricity)
Targets

26. RE Policies Landscape
in Arab Countries
RE projects
development
approaches
Public
EPC
PPP Private
Competitive
bids
FiT Net metering
Auto-
producers (self
or 3rd party)
Most of
operational
RE projects
!!!!!
Preferred
(backup and
wheeling
agreements !)
New but
promising !!
Emerging
trend !!!!!
Mainly for
small to
medium scale
projects

27. Markets
Net-meteringFiT
Public Competitive
Bidding
Country
PPALegal
basis
●●●Algeria
Bahrain
●●●Egypt
Iraq
●●●Jordan
●Lebanon
Libya
●●Morocco
●●Palestine
●●●Syria
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
RCREEE 2013

28. Several positive measures are being taken by some
governments to ensure financiers’ interest:
Taxes exemptions.
Availing land,
Financial contributions for investments and grid
infrastructure.
Grid connection permission, priority in access/dispatching
RE Fund
Long term PPA/financial guarantees
Public
projects
Most of
operational
projects
!!!!!
RE Policies Landscape
in Arab Countries

29. Public ownership model for the first large
scale RE projects
Rationale:
Public utilities/agencies could take advantage of :
• Grants and soft loans availed through international
cooperation
• lower cost debt compared to private developers,
• longer debt payment periods
• loan sovereign guarantees.
• Public utilities/agency would also require very low ROE
compared to private developers.
Public
projects
Most of
operational
projects
!!!!!
RE Policies Landscape
in Arab Countries

30. Competitive
bids
Emerging
trend !!!!!
Competitive bidding  IPP – BOO approach
(already adopted in some countries)
Rationale: Countries could take advantage of :
• Controlling the increase in RE capacities with reference to the
capacity of transmission system and capacity of the market to
absorb.
• Increasing local manufacturing.
• Increasing private investments.
• Achieving the lowest possible prices.
• Providing the investors with guarantees through long term
power purchase agreements
•Sometimes designed as a fast track for private investments to be followed by FiT
•Mostly targeting large-scale projects.
• Innovative resource risk mitigation approach (joint campaign for qualified
developers)
RE Policies Landscape
in Arab Countries

31. Markets
IPP option PPA FiT Public bidding
Auto-producer
option
Net-metering
Grid access &
dispatch priority
Grid
interconnections
with neighboring
countries
Grid connection
rules (grid code)
RE Target
Fossil Fuel /
Energy Subsidies
RE Agency
Institutional
Support
Land allocation Tax incentives
Grants, subsidies,
loans
Carbon/green
credits
Risk mitigation
supports
…..
Several elements to consider

32. Key Challenges
Grid Expansion and Stability
Integrating RE projects into power systems is manageable,
but not costless.
National grids need to be expanded and/or strengthened to
connect remote windy and sunny area with load centers.
The variability of RE and the needed balancing capacities
are a major concern for grid operators in Arab countries.
Unlike EU countries, Arab planners and grid operators have
very limited experiences in accommodating increased RE
penetration (distributed generation systems, codes,
forecasting systems, or RE control Centers!!)
Grid
s !!!!

33. Eight Countries Interconnection Project
EG
LY
JO
SY
IQ
lebenon
Iraq
Palestine
Turkey
Libya
Egypt
Jordan
Syria
The network in south Mediterranean is linked as “chain”, not as a “spider-
net” like the UCTE.

34. Key Challenges
Interconnection & Export of Electricity
Source : http://www.auptde.org/
Interconnection between Arab Countries is
still isolated and the transmission
capacities are limited.
The EU directions set conditions on renewable
electricity produced in third countries, that such
RE electricity is physically transferred to EU
Member states.
MSP,
Desertec
!!!!!!!!

35. "One hour of planning will save
ten hours of doing.“
Don Whetmore

36. 36
Annual Progress Report
National Renewable Energy
Action Plan (NREAP)
Arab Renewable Energy
Framework (AREF)
Arab Renewable Energy
Strategy

37. Article 1:
Scope
Article 2:
NREAP
Article 3:
Joint
Projects
Article 4:
Admin.
Procedures
Article 5:
Training
Article 6:
Grid
Access
Article 7:
Reporting
Article 8:
Information
Platform
AREF
Arab Renewable Energy
Framework
Albrecht Kaupp 37

38. National Renewable
Energy Action Plans
The purpose of the template is to ensure that NREAPs
are :
- covering all essential elements, and
- comparable with future periodical reports issued
by the country or other Arab Countries willing to
use the template.
Arab National Renewable
Energy Action Plans

39. Arab National Renewable
Energy Action Plans
1. Summary of national renewable
energy policy
2. Expected Final Energy Consumption
up to 2020 & 2030
3. Renewable energy targets and
trajectories
4. Measures for achieving the targets
5. Assessments
Arab NREAP

40. “Speed is irrelevant if you are going in the
wrong direction.”
Mahatma Gandhi

41. Good ideas will linger on shelves,
unless we support them ourselves
Thank you
Maged Mahmoud
Senior Expert
Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency (RCREEE)
Building of the Hydro Power Plants Execution Authority, 7th floor, Ministry of
Electricity and Energy , Melsa District – Ardh El Golf
Nasr City - Cairo, Egypt
maged.mahmoud@rcreee.org
T. +2-02-24154691
M.+2-01005269400
F. +2-02-24154661
w. www.rcreee.org