Online audio and video have grown tremendously in recent years. YouTube now streams over 5.5 billion videos per month in the US alone and over 6 billion songs have been downloaded from iTunes since 2003. Common uses of online media include entertainment, education, communication, and advertising. Audio and video files use various container and codec formats to store and compress data for streaming or progressive download. Popular platforms have emerged for hosting, streaming, sharing music and videos, and creating podcasts. Future trends may include more cross-platform services, instant sharing options, and content recognition technologies.

1. INF 385E Intro to IAWenbin Zhang Audio & Video

2. Agenda The Past & Now Uses of Web Audio & Video Audio & Video Formats Streaming Video hosting Online music Podcast Internet TV What’s Hot and the Future

3. The Past Neilson’s usability guidelines for video and streaming media from 1999 Didn’t you hate dial-up when it came to audio & video?

4. Now On January 6, 2009, Phil Schiller announced that over 6 billion songs had been downloaded since the service first launched on April 28, 2003 In 2008, Youtube surpassed yahoo and became the 2nd largest search engine; in March2009, YouTube surpassed 100M U.S.Viewers Google/YouTube streams 5.5 billion videos/month in the U.S. Every single minute, over 20 hours of videos are uploaded to youtube. iTunes store’s only 6 years old, and Youtube 4!!

5. How Are Online Audio & Video Used? Keeping abreast of trends and news (CNN, MSNBC, ESPN) Entertainment in multiple way (Hulu, Youtube, Last.fm) Elearning (Instructional, iTunes U, Audible) Live communications: Live chat(Skype, Google Talk via VoIP), Video conferencing, etc. Marketing & Advertising (pre-roll, post-roll, in-banner video ads; product/service demos)

6. How Are Online Audio & Video Used? Multipurpose: Edutainment=eLearning + Entertainment (You Suck At Photoshop) Advertainment=Advertising + Entertainment (Samsung HD Camera Trick Challenge; Tmobile Dance) Etc.

7. Audio & Video Formats Containers: tells how the data are stored & can have metadata (FLV, MP4, Quicktime, Ogg) Codecs: Coder-decoder/ Compressor-decompressor Lossless Audio Formats: Uncompressed:AIFF, WAV Compressed : FLAC, Monkey’s Audio, Shorten Lossy Audio: MP3, AAC, Vorbis(ogg), WMA, RealAudio

8. Comparison of Audio compressions

9. Audio & Video Formats Video Formats Digital Tape Formats: DV, HDV, AVCHD Digital Disc Formats: DVD, Blue-ray Disc Lossy Formats: H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 ASP, RealVideo, WMV

10. Encoder/Transcoders Open Source: Format factory, Handbrake.fr, MediaCoder Proprietary: Sorenson Squeeze, Apple Compressor, Adobe Media Encoder

11. Streaming Before Streaming: Download before playback After Streaming: Download as playback Progressive Download(On-Demand Streaming): Flash Video, Quick Time Video… Files can be stored on regular Web servers, Using HTTP True Streaming(Living Streaming): Live broadcasting, Online Radio… A Streaming media server that executes control, Protocols vary(RTSP, RTP, etc.)

12. Video Hosting How to Choose GUC Video Sharing Sites: Traffic Audience File Size , Number &Time Limits Compression Quality Formats Downloadability Editing Capabilities Ads Payments

13. Emebbed Audio & Video Wanna Do It Yourself? Uploading Your Files to Your Web Server Embedding Multimedia Files in HTML by Using Special Tags(See w3school tutorial) Embedding Flash Video by Using Dreamveaver

14. Online Video Platform Wanna Meet Higher Demand & Have Your Own Youtube-looking Site? “White Brand Providers” Business Focused: Brightcove, Vzaar Consumer Focused: Fliggo Open Source Video Sharing: PHPmotion, Plumi (Lunux)

15. Online Music Online Digital Music Stores: iTunes Music Store, Amazon Mp3, Rhapsody, Zune Market Place … Largest Amounts of Music, No More than 1$/song Internet Radio: Last.fm, Pandora, Shoutcast … All streaming, Little Playback but easy to tune in to your favorite genres

16. Online Music Online Music Databases & Search Engines: Internet Archives, Grooveshark… Download For Free: Limeware, Rapidlibrary… Free file sharing (especially if you wanna find bootleg records)

17. Podcast iPod + Broadcast = Podcast Series of digital media files that are released episodically and downloaded through RSS Producing: Audacity(Save as MP3) Publishing: Find a Host(Web host or Blog), Upload, Generate RSS Reeds, Submit to a Directory(iTunes, Zune, etc.) Don’t Forget ID3 Tags

18. Internet TV Wed TV: Cnet TV, Rvision3, Adobe TV, G4 … Original, Episodic Shows Distributed Exclusively Online As Opposed to Legacy Broadcast; So-called Internet TV: Hulu … in a broader sense, Any Broadcast TV Shows Repackaged for Online Viewing P2PTV: BBC iPlayer(UK-based), Reeltime(US-based), PPstream(China-based) … Peer-2-peer application designed to redistribute video streams on a P2P network

19. What’s Hot and The Future Online Media Guides or Aggregators: Casttv, Clicker, Ovguide, Fancast … Cross-Platform Mass Distribution Services: Blip.tv, Tubemogul Instant Video Sharing: 12seconds.tv, Qik, Tokbox User Generated Live Streaming: Ustream, Justin.tv Content Recognition for Music: Shazam, Midomi

20. Thank You All Questions?

21. References Wikipedia entries: internet radio internet television Web television web series P2PTV streaming media online music store comparison of online music stores list of streaming media systems list of online music databases comparison of streaming media systems video hosting service list of video hosting websites comparison of video services viral video

22. References Podcast podcast in plain English how to create podcasts Compression & Codecs Audio file format Codec Lossless comparison Web Video Compression and Codecs Streaming: http://webstreamer.doit.wisc.edu/StreamTutorial/tutorial6/player.html; http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/learning_guide/video/part02.html http://www.mediacollege.com/video/streaming/server.htmlhttp://www.streamingmedia.com/article.asp?id=8456&page=1&c=11 http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/compare/WebServVStreamServ.aspx Neilson: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990808.htmlhttp://www.useit.com/alertbox/video.html