6. Why 1500?
Europe – fragmented prior to 1500
Isolation, autonomy
Unification –
Immigration
Christianity
Warfare against Islam
Feudalism
Advancements
Transportation
Technology
7. Why 1500?
God, Glory, and Gold
Missionary work
Prevent spread of Islam
Devshirme
Janissary Corp
Enhance reputation of countries
Amass wealth
Ottoman Empire
Conquest of Constantinople, 1453
Cut off Europeans from Asian luxury goods
Ended reign of the Byzantine Empire
8.
9. How?
Improvements in technology
China / Portugal
Invention of compass
Sturdier boats
Navigational skills
Understanding of currents / wind patterns
Maps
Ability to calculate direction and latitude
10. Prince Henry the Navigator
Vasco Da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Amerigo Vespucci
19. Advantages
Swords, muskets, cannons, and horses
Disease
Deception
Method of divide and conquer
Dona Marina
Took advantage of existing indigenous
divisions
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. Spanish Administration
Viceroy
Colonial governor appointed by king
“I obey, but I do not enforce.”
Encomienda
Spanish settlers granted land and “Indian” subjects
in exchange for taxes and tribute
Human rights violations
Bartolome De las Casas
“A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies”
25. Atlantic Slave Trade
More colonists = more trade
Need to produce cash crops – dwindling native populations = African
slave labor
Slavery existed since ancient times
But, carried out on much larger scale in the 16 Century
Middle Passage
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Africa
Kinship groups
Muslim slave trade
Syncretic religion
European contributions
Maize, manioc, peanuts
33. Increased Knowledge
Spread of Christianity
Wealth and it’s rewards
Exploitation (People and the Environment)
Competition
Columbian Exchange
Destruction of native civilizations
Spread of Slavery
Widespread change on African continent
Notes de l'éditeur
The capital city of Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of a lake 5,000 feet above sea level. There was little arable land to grow crops.
In the Aztec civilization, human sacrifice was associated with worship of the gods, especially Huitzilopochtli, the war god. Following the famines of 1450 and 1451, sacrifice was seen by many as a method of placating angry gods. Traditionally, the ritual was performed on top of a pyramid; the sacrifice was placed spread-eagled on a stone, and a priest would cut out the sacrifice's heart from beneath the rib cage. At one point, the demand for sacrifices was so great that the "Flowery Wars" were fought with the neighboring Tlaxcalans solely for the purpose of capturing men for future sacrifices.