1. THE GREAT WAR: THE
WORLD IN UPHEAVAL

2. La Belle Époque - 1871 - 1914
 Absence of armed conflict
 Increasing power of popularly elected legislatures.
 Increasing involvement of government in social
legislation.
 Improved health and leisure .

3. CAUSES AND ORIGINS OF THE WAR
 Short term cause – Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie enter their car one final time
unaware they are minutes from dying

4. LONG TERM CAUSES OF WORLD
WAR I
 Long term causes are much more complex
 National rivalries
 Imperialism
 Military Arms Race
 Economic Rivalries
 Domestic Problems

5. LONG TERM CAUSES OF WORLD
WAR I
 Alliance System
 Triple Alliance (Central Powers ) –
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later left
and became neutral, then joined the Allies)
 Triple Entente (Allied Powers) – Britain,
France, Russia
 Nationalism

6. MARCH TO WAR
 Crisis in the Balkans
 Serbia
 Bosnia – Herzegovina

7. MARCH TO WAR
 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
 Gavrilo Princip
 Black Hand
Franz Ferdinand and family
 Produces a Chain Reaction
Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip being apprehended

8. AUSTRIA – HUNGARY ISSUES
ULTIMATUM TO SERBIA
- Demands were impossible for Serbia to meet
- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
- This sets off a chain reaction

9. CHAIN REACTION
Austria-Hungary and Germany
Vs.
Serbia and Russia

10. MARCH TO WAR
 Schlieffin Plan
 Had been created in 1905
 Take France, then Russia
 Rape of Belgium
 Belgium was neutral
 Germany invades
 Great Britain enters WWI
 Battle of the Marne

11. REACTION TO WAR - EXCITEMENT

12. NEW TECHNOLOGIES
 Trench warfare

13. TRENCH FOOT

14. NO MAN’S LAND

15. NEW TECHNOLOGIES
 Poisonous gas
 Tanks
 Airplanes
 Submarine

16. BATTLE OF VERDUN – FEBRUARY
1916

17. BATTLE OF THE SOMME – JULY 1916

18. THE EASTERN FRONT

19. ON THE HOMEFRONT…
 Total War
 Mass conscription
 Government controlled economies
 Wage & price controls, work hours, full employment
 Limited & restricted freedoms.

20. PROPAGANDA

22. WOMEN AND WAR
Women performed
the jobs of men at
home
Women served as
nurses on the
battlefield
At the war’s end,
women expected
more equality with
men
In some places,
gained the right to
vote

23. WIDENING THE WAR
 The Ottoman Empire
 Italy
 Middle East
 Japan
 United States

24. AMERICA JOINS THE WAR
 Lusitania

25. AMERICA JOINS THE WAR
 Lusitania

26. AMERICA JOINS THE WAR
 The Zimmerman Telegram

27. 1918 OFFENSIVES
 German Offensive
 Treaty of Brest – Litovsk with Russia
 Moved troops to Western Front
 Second Battle of the Marne
 The Hundred Days
 German defeat – November 1918
 Government collapse
 Weimar Republic

29. HUMAN COST
 Military & Civilian Deaths: 15 million
 Wounded: 20 million
 Germany – 2 million
 Russia – 1.7 million
 France – 1.4 million
 Great Britain – 1 million
 U.S. – 126k

30. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
 Georges Clemenceau
 David Lloyd George
 Victorio Orlando
 Woodrow Wilson
 Fourteen Points George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson

31. THE REORDERING OF EUROPE
 Treaty of Versailles
 Germany blamed for the war
 Territorial loss
 Military reduction
 Saddled with reparations payments
 League of Nations
 America didn’t join
 Redrawing the Map of Europe

32. IMPACT OF WAR AND PEACE
 Weak peace settlement – led to WWII
 Bolshevik Revolution
 Destroyed Empires
 New Map of Europe
 Age of Anxiety