Fundamentals of programming final

•Switch Case and
•Looping Statement
By: Ricky A. Recto

http://eglobiotraining.com/

•Programming
•Switch Case
The If – else Statement
If statement (two alternatives)
If statement (One-Alternatives)
How to save and run your statement
Five Programs that is related on switch case program
Output

•Looping Statement
The while Loop
The Do… While Loop
The For Loop
The Foreach Loop
Break and continue statement
Output


Programming
We first define the word “programming”, it is a computer
language programmers use to develop applications, scripts, or
other set of instructions for a computer to execute.

programming is instructing a computer to do something
for you with the help of a programming language. The role of a
programming language can be described in two ways:
Technical: It is a means for instructing a Computer to perform
Tasks
Conceptual: It is a framework within which we organize our ideas
about things and processes.


As an individual, I have learned that
programming is a very broad because it
composes many scripts, applications and can
be used to run a program that has been part of
the programming language.

A programming language should both
provide means to describe primitive data and
procedures and means to combine and abstract
those into more complex ones.


 The distinction between data and procedures
is not that clear cut. In many programming
languages, procedures can be passed as data
(to be applied to ``real'' data) and sometimes
processed like ``ordinary'' data. Conversely
``ordinary'' data can be turned into
procedures by an evaluation mechanism.


 If we know how to write a C expression that is
equivalent of a question such as “Is resting the
value of expression to select a course of action. In
C, the statement is the primary selection control
structure

 Me: it’s hard to write c expression. So, I just copy
and paste it into internet.

 A programming language is an artificial language
designed to communicate instructions to
a machine, particularly a computer. Programming
languages can be used to create programs that
control the behavior of a machine and/or to
express algorithms precisely.


At first, programming is confusing because you have so much to
understand about codes that will enable to run a program.
Programming has applications and program development, the
best example for this is the Internet browser…

Programming is a creative process done by programmers
to instruct a computer on how to do a task. Programming
languages let you use them in different ways, e.g adding
numbers, etc… or storing data on disk for later retrieval.


You have to consider languages to run or write
your own program, most demanded language in
programming is the DEV C++ (a full-featured Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)).

C++ is one of the most used programming
languages in the world. Also known as "C with Classes".

New to programming or thinking about it? It might
surprise you to know that there are many programmers
who program just for fun and it can lead to a job.


- A switch, case, select or inspect statement is a type of selection
control mechanism that exists in most imperative programming
languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is
also included in several other types of languages. Its purpose is to
allow the value of a variable or expression to control the flow of
program execution via a multiway branch (or "goto", one of
several labels).

The Main Reason using switch case :
- To improve clarity, by reducing otherwise repetitive coding,
and (if the heuristics permit) also offering the potential for
faster execution through easier compiler optimization in many
cases.


1. The If – else Statement

-The if statement allows the programmer to make
decisions within a program.
- The general format of an if statement is:
If (expression)
statement
-Where expression represents a relational, equality, or
logical expression ( conditional expression) .


If statement (two alternatives)
Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped; otherwise, statement is
else skipped and statement is executed
statement;

If statement (One-Alternatives)
Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped

Format of the if statement
- All if statement examples in this text indent statements. The word else
Is typed without indention on a separate line. The format of the if statement
makes its meaning apparent and is used solely to improve program readability;
The format makes no difference to the computer


 There may be a situation when you need to
execute a block of code several number of times.
In general statements are executed sequentially:
The first statement in a function is executed first,
followed by the second, and so on.
 Programming languages provide various control
structures that allow for more complicated
execution paths.
 A loop statement allows us to execute a
statement or group of statements multiple times
and following is the general from of a loop
statement in most of the programming
languages:


 1. Open Dev C++
 2. Click File and choose New
 3. Post your Statements
 4. after you post your statement
 5. Save it .choose file and save or
 6. click f9 or you can see it shaped like a
square


Link: http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/c/programming-
bbrown/c_028.htm

The above program uses a switch statement to validate and select
upon the users input choice, simulating a simple menu of choices.


When it compiles and run, this will be it look .
The C expression that was type it on Dev C++
The words are “enter in two number  24”


Link: http://www.morrowland.com/apron/tutorials
/cpp/cpp_switch_case/index.php

Example of Switch
Case Statement , you
Will see the statement
on the link that you see
in this slide.


After I compile it and run it, the statement is now like this. As you
Can see after you answer the 1st question the next question appear
And after you finish all the question the box will disappear. It
means finish.


Link:
http://www.morrowland.com/ap
ron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_if_else/in
dex.php

Function and target of
Programming language :
A computer programming
language is a language. used to
write computer programs,
which involve
a computer performing some
kind of
computation or algorithm and
possibly control external
devices such as printers , disk
drives , robots, and so on.


When the statement was done this will it be look like.
I got this from the URL . The URL was posted on the
previous slide


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/66k51h7a(v=vs.80).aspx

Did You Know?
The first programming
languages predate the
modern computer. The
19th century saw the
invention of
"programmable" looms a
nd player piano scrolls,
both of which
implemented examples
ofdomain-specific
languages.


Did You Know ?
All programming languages have some primitive building blocks for
the description of data and the processes or transformations
applied to them(like the addition of two numbers or the selection of
an item from a collection). These primitives are defined by syntactic
and semantic rules which describe their structure and meaning
respectively.


Link: http://www.cfanatic.com/topic4267/

Looping
Statements
- Loops execute a block of code a specified
number of times, or while a specified condition is
true.
- in PHP, the following looping statements are
used:

*The while Loop
* The Do… While Loop
* The For Loop
*The Foreach Loop
*Break and continue statement
http://www.slideshare.net/ilakkiya/looping-statement

While structure is another type of loop statements,
where the condition is checked at first, the iteration
will not stop even if the value changes while executing
statements.

Form:
While(condition)
{
code to be executed;
}



 Do while statement is same as the while
statement , the only difference is that it
evaluates the expression at the end.

Form:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition):



 The for loop is used when you know in advance how
many times the script should run.
 Be for statement takes three expressions inside its
parentheses seperated by semi-colons. When the for
loop executes, the following occurs:
 The initializing expression is executed. This
expression usually initializes oneor more loop
counter, but the syntax allow expression any degree
of complexity.
 The condition expression is evaluated. Of the value
of condition is true, the loop statements execute. If
the value of condition is false, the for loop
terminates.

 http://www.slideshare.net/ilakkiya/looping-
statement


Form:

for {initialization; condition:
increment )
{
code to be executed
}



 For Each structure is a loop structure used for
arrays

Form:
foreach(array as value)
{
code to be executed
}

Foreach (array as key => value)
{
code to be executed
}


 Break ends the execution of the for, for
each, while, do-while or switch statement.

Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)



 “Continue” is used to skip the current loop
iteration and continue with the next iteration of
the loop. But “Break” is to exit from the whole
loop.

Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)



http://www.morrowland.com/apron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_for_loop/i
ndex.php

The for loop


http://www.morrowland.com/apron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_for_loop/ind
ex.php


http://www.morrowland.com/apron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_do_while_
loop/index.php

Do while loop


http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/c-plus-plus/looping-in-c.html

While loop


http://cprogramminglanguage.net/c-break-continue-statements.aspx

Break and continue


http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_for.asp

Foreach loop


 Slideshare
 account : recto11369121
 http://www.slideshare.net/recto11369121/n
ewsfeed


In Partial fulfillment of requirements in
Fundamental of Programming

Submitted to : Prof. Erwin Globio
Submitted By; Ricky A. Recto


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