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Designing for the Internet of Things : models and principles for augmented products

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Pierrick Thébault
Pierrick Thébault

The Internet of Things, whose underlying vision and technologies aim at bridging the physical and digital worlds together, lead to the creation of new types of applications coupling Web services with everyday products. Such product-oriented applications, which enable the functional exposition, control or enhancement of artifacts that embed information processing capabilities, question the established design principles and conventions. They open up the possibility for Internet-enabled products, whose functions can be "augmented" and adapted to better support users' changing needs, to be designed. This research, which is at the intersection of Design Science, Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interactions, aims at studying the impact brought about by applications on product design. It highlights the need to build an application model that facilitates their representation by users, and to explore the pragmatic issues rose by their integration into products. It leads to the definition and evaluation, through practice, of principles for the design of augmented products' form and interactions. It describes the ductility of future products, the novel coupling between functions, behavior and structure they implement and their potential evolutions. This work contributes to the Internet of Things research by reframing the discussion and by providing researchers and practitioners with tools that can be leveraged during the design process.

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models and principles for the ! design of augmented products Pierrick Thébault! Designing for the! Internet of Things:! LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE May 31th, 2013!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 2 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 2
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 3 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 3
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 4 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 4
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 5 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 5
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 6 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 6
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 7 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 7
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards product-oriented applications PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8 Web service! Web service! Web service! Product! Product! Product! digital world! physical world! Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927424  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 9 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The collaboration of many stakeholders MANUFA
 -CTURER! TELECOM! PROVIDER! END-USER! SERVICE! PROVIDER! WEB SERVICES! PRODUCTS! INFRASTRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 10 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 What is the impact of applications on the design of products? 10
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 11 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A design research… Mackay et al., 1997! The artefact as a gateway between! practice and theory! Design researchers continually ! reframe the problem as they attempt to make the right ! thing.! Zimmerman, 2007! ”! “!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 12 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH … through practice A mix of qualitative and interpretative ! methods situated in action.! Findeli, 2004! §  Ethno-methodology! §  Participatory design methods! §  Prototyping! §  Usability testing! §  Through design! Frayling, 1993! §  Design praxiology! and phenomenology Cross, 1999! §  Through projects! Findeli, 2004! §  Pragmatic and empirical Koskinen, 2011! ! ”! “! Fallman, 2008!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 13 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A research at the intersection of three disciplines §  Network infrastructures! §  Embedded systems! §  Applications! §  User interfaces! §  Interaction techniques! §  Design principles! §  Components and materials! §  Manufacturing techniques! §  Design processes! UBICOMP! HCI! DESIGN! SCIENCE! Ubiquitous Computing! Human-computer interactions! Design science & engineering!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The Internet of Things at Bell Labs PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14 Network infrastructures! Y. Gasté’s team! Application models! M. Boussard’s team!Virtual objects Connected Real-World Objects Virtual Objects Framework Eventing HTTP APIs Access Control Provision ing Environment-aware Applications User Interaction Patterns End-user programming! L. Trappeniers’ team! User experience! design! F. Pain’s team! Social networks of things! J. Daigremont’s team! Partenaires!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 15 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH ProductsApplications Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! State of the art! Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 16 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Problématique 1 & hypothèse 1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! State of the art! Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 17 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Can we create a model that describes their inner working?! Hypothesis:! Designers need to work with end-users! to create a shared definition of applications! How to make sure our definition is accepted by end- users?! Research question #1 How to define ! product-oriented applications?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 18 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Research question #1! State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 19 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20 « ambient »! Embodied applications Want et al., ! 2001! Chevrest et al., ! 2000! Ullmer et al., 1998!Kidd et al., ! 1999! Brock et al. 2001! Mann, 2001! « ubiquitous »! « context! aware »! « machine to machine »! « tangibles »! « wearable »!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 21 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications to access applications… Cooltown! Kindberg et al., 2002! Speakeasy! Newman et al., 2002! BIT! Roduner et a., 2010! Mashup Editor! Guinard et al., 2009! Object browser! Boussard et al., 2010! Sentient Visor! Roduner et a., 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 22 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Atzori et al., 2010! A software layer   Kawsar, 2009! Flow chart   A graph   Lieberman, 2001! A very broad concept Applications! Service! composition! Service! orchestration! Product! abstraction! Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 23 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 24 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Experiments! State of the art! How do users perceive applications?! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 25 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 26 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications 1) Perception of interconnections! Perception of interconnections between product and services! Product! Service! Product! Service! Product!Service! Product! Product! Product! State of the art! Research question #1! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 27 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Generating ideas Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67925676  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 28 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 27 years old (m=23,64; σ=1,63) Graduate students in design 11! répartis en! 2!groupes! min!45! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 29 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A lamp that displays the air quality.! An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.! A wireless USB flash drive.! A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.! The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that displays the status of an online order. ! A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.! An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. ! A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.! A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends! Automatic kitchen appliances.! Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner that delete e-mails.! A mobile application to navigate through the cities! Examples of users’ ideas
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 30 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A lamp that displays the air quality.! An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.! A wireless USB flash drive.! A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.! The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that displays the status of an online order. ! A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.! An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. ! A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.! A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends! Automatic kitchen appliances.! Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner that delete e-mails.! A mobile application to navigate through the cities! Examples of users’ ideas
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 31 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! Results Composition of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 32 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! 31,9%   only use! products   72,34%   are embodied into! a specific product! Results Composition of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 33 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 36,17%   24,40%   21,28%   19,15%   0%   Types of interconnections Results 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! 31,9%   only use! products   72,34%   are embodied into! a specific product! Composition! of applications Products! Services! Products! Services! Products! Services! Products! Services!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 34 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! Analysis and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 35 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! It is hard to distinguish! Analysis Mobile! applications!≠ ! Product- oriented applications! Web! services! and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product! ≠ !
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 36 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products are considered! as autonomous! It is hard to distinguish! Analysis ≠ ! ≠ ! Mobile! applications! Product- oriented applications! Web! services! Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 37 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 38 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications 2) Perception of mechanisms! State of the art! Research question #1! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments! 1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 39 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Product! Service! Product! Service! Service! Perception of mechanisms underlying the applications! State of the art! Research question #1! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 40 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A scenario to draw Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67926008  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 41 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 – 45 years old (m=25,48; σ=5,21) Graduate students in design or innovation 23! split in! 3!groups! min!45! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 42 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Examples of drawings Pictures available on   http://www.regarde.org/fichiers/thebault-experimentation2.pdf!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 43 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! Transcription of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 44 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! Strategies! of transcription Transcription! of applications 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 45 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! 73,91%!put resources! in categories! « Applications »! Indoor/outdoor! Generated data! Physical/digital! Rooms of the house! Random categories! None! Strategies! of categorization Strategies! of transcription Transcription! of applications 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 46 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! 73,91%!put resources! in categories! 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! « Applications »! Indoor/outdoor! Generated data! Physical/digital! Rooms of the house! Random categories! None!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 47 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Applications are! hard to represent
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 48 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Two types of applications! can be distinguished Applications are! hard to represent! Service!Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 49 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Applications are! hard to represent! Recurring metaphors et   Product! Service! Product! Service! Locations! Two types of applications! can be distinguished
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 50 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 51 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 52 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Perception of ! application types! State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 53 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Selecting three types of applications Applications coupled! to a product   Applications coupled! to a web service   Applications coupled! to the environment  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 54 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A tool to browse and interact with applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67926318  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 55 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 45 years old (m=31,25; σ=7,28) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs 21! min!15! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation 
 + interview)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 56 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! sucesses! 74,36%!mistakes! 25,64%!failures! 74,5!SUS score! >70%! >80%! 6!minutes! 25!seconds! / task! Effectiveness! and efficiency
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 57 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   Applications coupled! to a product   4,45 /5! « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 58 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   Applications coupled! to a product   98,33%   Applications coupled ! to a web service   4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »! « Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 59 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   98,33%   66,25%   Applications coupled! to the environment   4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! 4,40 /5! 4,10 /5! Sound level! Video stream! « They help making plans. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task! Applications coupled ! to a web service   « Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »! Applications coupled! to a product   « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 60 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Users understand! the applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 61 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The real-time aspect! is hard to grasp Users understand! the applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 62 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The real-time aspect! is hard to grasp! Users understand! the applications Locations help! structuring thoughts!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 63 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 64 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 65 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 66 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content! Leverage! knowledge!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 67 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content! Leverage! knowledge! Shape! behaviors!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 68 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 69 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 70 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications automating! resources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 71 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A conceptual model Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications automatingles ressources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 72 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A conceptual model Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications representing! resources! Applications automatingles ressources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 73 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 74 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Hyptohesis:! Designers need to modify the shape and the interactions of products to ensure the intelligibility of applications.! How to make sure applications made visible to users?! Are new design principle necessary?! Research question #2 How to design products whose functions are augmented by applications? !
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 75 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 76 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 77 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Definition of augmented products Unique! identifier! Self awareness! Sociality! Autonomy! State-fulness!   A computationally instrumented tangible object [...] providing supplementary services without compromising its original appearance and interaction metaphor significantly.! ! ! Kawsar, 2009! ”! “! Characteristics!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 78 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 79 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Smarter Object! Heun et al., 2013! Digital modification   1   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 80 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Siftables! Merrill et al., 2007! Surface creation   2   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 81 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Mediacup! Beigl et al., 2001! Physical modification   3   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 82 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Olinda! Schulze et al., 2008! Product creation   4   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 83 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Turning products into services Information processing capabilities of products should be used as a design material.! Redstrom, 2001, ! Hallnäs et al., 2002, ! Kuniavsky, 2010! ”! “! Boussard et al., 2011! API! (REST)   Semantic! description! (OWL)   End-user ! representation ! (HTML)  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 84 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 85 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 86 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 87 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 88 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 89 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 90 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on functions! Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 91 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on functions! Impact on behavior! Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 92 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on! functions! Impact on! behavior! Impact on! structure! Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 93 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.! Coutaz, 2007!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 94 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Tracability   Coutaz, 2007! Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.! Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 95 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Tracability   Controllability   Ability of users to observe, trace, and intervene on the evolution of a system.! Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.! Coutaz, 2007! Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 96 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Intelligibility criteria Observe! Trace! Control! Availability of! applications! How many applications are deployed on the product?! How to add or remove an application?! Has the application been correctly added or removed?! Status of applications! Which applications are currently active?! How to enable or disable an application?! Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?! Scope of applications! Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?! How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?! Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?! Inner-working! of applications! Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?! How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?! Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?! Potential! dysfunctions! Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?! How to solve a conflict between two applications?! Why do problems or bugs occur?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 97 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Intelligibility criteria Observe! Trace! Control! Availability of! applications! How many applications are deployed on the product?! How to add or remove an application?! Has the application been correctly added or removed?! Status of applications! Which applications are currently active?! How to enable or disable an application?! Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?! Scope of applications! Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?! How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?! Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?! Inner-working! of applications! Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?! How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?! Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?! Potential! dysfunctions! Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?! How to solve a conflict between two applications?! Why do problems or bugs occur?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 98 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Design spaces Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 99 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 1   Design spaces Approach #1   Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Mediation tool! Functions! Structure! Behavior!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 100 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 2   Design spaces Approach #2   Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Behavior! Functions! Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 101 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3   Design spaces Approach #3   Embodiment! Structure! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Behavior! Functions! Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 102 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 103 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 104 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 105 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Agenda! Set up the time of the alarm based on a personal calendar! Traffic! Set up the time of the alarm based on traffic.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 106 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Radio! Turns on your favorite radio channel.! Podcast! Downloads and plays a podcast.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 107 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Facebook! Posts a status message when you stop the alarm.! Weather! Reads the weather forecast of the day.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 108 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Exploring possible structures Camille Lefer! Intern in 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 109 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Prototyping Robert Huynh! Intern 2012! Camille Lefer! Intern in 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 110 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product 1: external representation of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 111 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product 1: external representation of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927011  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 112 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #2: embodiment of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 113 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #2: embodiment of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927133  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 114 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #3: embodiment of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 115 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #3: embodiment of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927254  
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 116 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 117 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 118 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Perception of the shape and interactions of the product.! Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 119 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 120 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 120 List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 121 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 122 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 123 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 124 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 46 years old (m=33,28; σ=7,78) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs 21! min!20! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation 
 + interview)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 125 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! Observe! Visible ! applications.! 22!sec! 35!sec! 24!sec! 95,24%   71,43%   95,24%   A familiar interface.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 126 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 80,95%   83,33%   59,52%   Trace! Movements help tracing ! the action.! Lack of feedback.! 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 127 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 97,61%   95,24%   100%   Control! 22!sec! 38!sec! 20!sec! 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! Simple and intuitive interactions.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 128 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 129 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped The modular structure of products! reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 130 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped Products still lack feedback The modular structure of products! reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 131 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 132 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 133 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 134 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 135 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Radical atoms! Ishii et al., 2012.! Shape- shifting interfaces! Rasmussen et al., 2012.! Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 136 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Descriptive model of applications!1   <   Description! of mechanisms! Taxonomy of! product-oriented applications! Conceptual model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 137 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Principles for the design of products!1   2   Design process! Intelligibility criteria! Design spaces! Design principles! <   Descriptive model of applications! Description! of mechanisms! Taxonomy of! product-oriented applications! Conceptual model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 138 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Coffee! spot! Things ! Lab! Meeting! room! + other locations! Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »!3   Frens, 2006!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 139 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Resources! 3   Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »! Frens, 2006! Coffee! spot! Things ! Lab! Meeting! room! + other locations!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 140 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Next steps Formalize! design methods! Apply the design principles! Develop appropriate software architecture!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 141 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Next steps Open a discussion on ! the future of products! Formalize! design methods! Apply the design principles! Develop appropriate software architecture!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 142 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards shape-changing products Functions/! applications! Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 143 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards shape-changing products Maxime Nicoul, Pierre Méar, Yoann Jestin, Matthieu Laroche! Jules Rattier, Cécile Fleuret, ! Alexis Porhiel, Guillaume Faure,! Ge Wang! Rahman Kalfane, Nadim Raad, ! Faustine Bougro, Laure Charton! Functions/! applications! Structure! http://vimeo.com/40607550! http://vimeo.com/40624601! http://vimeo.com/39879956!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 144 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products Augmented product   Composeable product     G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! G! F! B! S F B! S! G! F B! G! G G F B S F B S FBS!FBS! FB! Sx! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 145 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Augmented product   Composeable product     SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 146 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Augmented product   Composeable product     SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 147 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH §  Each chapter describes a step! of the research process.! ! §  Situating my pratice! in existing theorical frameworks.! ! §  An opportunity to share ! intuitions and propositions.! ! §  A choice to raise questions, explore and discuss perspectives.! Thesis
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 148 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Papers Workshop on Interacting with ! Smart Objects! Transactions ! on Interactive ! Intelligent Systems! Workshop on ! the Web of Things ! Embodying services into physical places: ! towards the design of a mobile environment browser! Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu! EnvB: An Environment-based Mobile Browser ! for the Web of Things! Pierrick Thébault, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu, Cédric Mivielle, Simon Richir! ! Towards the Design of Intelligible Object-based applications for the Web of Things! Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Simon Richir! International Journal ! of Design and Innovation Research! IJODIR Designing for the Ubiquitous Computing era: towards the reinvention of everyday objects and the creation of new user experiences! Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir! ! Virtual Reality ! International Conference! The bridge between physical and digital worlds: implications for the design of Internet-enabled products! Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir,!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 149 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Thanks to Fahim! Kawsar! Natalie! Lehoux! Jean-Baptiste! Labrune! Robert ! Huynh! Camille ! Lefer! Dominique ! Decotter! Florentin ! Rodio! Alexis ! Eve! Cédric! Mivielle! Arnaud! Gonguet! Matthieu! Boussard! Yann! Gasté! Patrick! Legrand! Lieven! Trappeniers! Frédérique! Pain! Bruno! Aidan! Vincent! Hiribarren! Fabrice Poussière! Simon! Richir! Henri! Samier! David! Bihanic! Thesis committee! Team leaders! Interns! Social scientists! Mentors! Participants!
models and principles for the ! design of augmented products Pierrick Thébault! Designing for the! Internet of Things:! LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION Thesis supervisor: Simon RICHIR! Co-supervisors: Henri SAMIER, David BIHANIC, Frédérique PAIN! & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE

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Designing for the Internet of Things : models and principles for augmented products

  • 1. models and principles for the ! design of augmented products Pierrick Thébault! Designing for the! Internet of Things:! LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE May 31th, 2013!
  • 2. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 2 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 2
  • 3. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 3 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 3
  • 4. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 4 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 4
  • 5. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 5 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 5
  • 6. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 6 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 6
  • 7. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 7 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 Extending the Web to products 7
  • 8. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards product-oriented applications PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8 Web service! Web service! Web service! Product! Product! Product! digital world! physical world! Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927424  
  • 9. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 9 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The collaboration of many stakeholders MANUFA
 -CTURER! TELECOM! PROVIDER! END-USER! SERVICE! PROVIDER! WEB SERVICES! PRODUCTS! INFRASTRUCTURE!
  • 10. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 10 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 What is the impact of applications on the design of products? 10
  • 11. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 11 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A design research… Mackay et al., 1997! The artefact as a gateway between! practice and theory! Design researchers continually ! reframe the problem as they attempt to make the right ! thing.! Zimmerman, 2007! ”! “!
  • 12. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 12 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH … through practice A mix of qualitative and interpretative ! methods situated in action.! Findeli, 2004! §  Ethno-methodology! §  Participatory design methods! §  Prototyping! §  Usability testing! §  Through design! Frayling, 1993! §  Design praxiology! and phenomenology Cross, 1999! §  Through projects! Findeli, 2004! §  Pragmatic and empirical Koskinen, 2011! ! ”! “! Fallman, 2008!
  • 13. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 13 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A research at the intersection of three disciplines §  Network infrastructures! §  Embedded systems! §  Applications! §  User interfaces! §  Interaction techniques! §  Design principles! §  Components and materials! §  Manufacturing techniques! §  Design processes! UBICOMP! HCI! DESIGN! SCIENCE! Ubiquitous Computing! Human-computer interactions! Design science & engineering!
  • 14. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The Internet of Things at Bell Labs PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14 Network infrastructures! Y. Gasté’s team! Application models! M. Boussard’s team!Virtual objects Connected Real-World Objects Virtual Objects Framework Eventing HTTP APIs Access Control Provision ing Environment-aware Applications User Interaction Patterns End-user programming! L. Trappeniers’ team! User experience! design! F. Pain’s team! Social networks of things! J. Daigremont’s team! Partenaires!
  • 15. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 15 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH ProductsApplications Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! State of the art! Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
  • 16. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 16 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Problématique 1 & hypothèse 1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! State of the art! Research question #1!
  • 17. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 17 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Can we create a model that describes their inner working?! Hypothesis:! Designers need to work with end-users! to create a shared definition of applications! How to make sure our definition is accepted by end- users?! Research question #1 How to define ! product-oriented applications?!
  • 18. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 18 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Research question #1! State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model!
  • 19. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 19 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
  • 20. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20 « ambient »! Embodied applications Want et al., ! 2001! Chevrest et al., ! 2000! Ullmer et al., 1998!Kidd et al., ! 1999! Brock et al. 2001! Mann, 2001! « ubiquitous »! « context! aware »! « machine to machine »! « tangibles »! « wearable »!
  • 21. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 21 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications to access applications… Cooltown! Kindberg et al., 2002! Speakeasy! Newman et al., 2002! BIT! Roduner et a., 2010! Mashup Editor! Guinard et al., 2009! Object browser! Boussard et al., 2010! Sentient Visor! Roduner et a., 2011!
  • 22. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 22 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Atzori et al., 2010! A software layer   Kawsar, 2009! Flow chart   A graph   Lieberman, 2001! A very broad concept Applications! Service! composition! Service! orchestration! Product! abstraction! Product!
  • 23. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 23 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
  • 24. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 24 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Experiments! State of the art! How do users perceive applications?! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model!
  • 25. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 25 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
  • 26. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 26 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications 1) Perception of interconnections! Perception of interconnections between product and services! Product! Service! Product! Service! Product!Service! Product! Product! Product! State of the art! Research question #1! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
  • 27. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 27 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Generating ideas Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67925676  
  • 28. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 28 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 27 years old (m=23,64; σ=1,63) Graduate students in design 11! répartis en! 2!groupes! min!45! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation)!
  • 29. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 29 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A lamp that displays the air quality.! An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.! A wireless USB flash drive.! A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.! The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that displays the status of an online order. ! A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.! An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. ! A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.! A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends! Automatic kitchen appliances.! Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner that delete e-mails.! A mobile application to navigate through the cities! Examples of users’ ideas
  • 30. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 30 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A lamp that displays the air quality.! An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.! A wireless USB flash drive.! A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.! The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that displays the status of an online order. ! A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.! An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. ! A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.! A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends! Automatic kitchen appliances.! Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner that delete e-mails.! A mobile application to navigate through the cities! Examples of users’ ideas
  • 31. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 31 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! Results Composition of applications
  • 32. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 32 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! 31,9%   only use! products   72,34%   are embodied into! a specific product! Results Composition of applications
  • 33. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 33 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 36,17%   24,40%   21,28%   19,15%   0%   Types of interconnections Results 3,64!ressources! / application! 2,47!products! 1,17!service! 61,84%! selected! 76! ideas! 31,9%   only use! products   72,34%   are embodied into! a specific product! Composition! of applications Products! Services! Products! Services! Products! Services! Products! Services!
  • 34. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 34 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! Analysis and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product!
  • 35. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 35 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! It is hard to distinguish! Analysis Mobile! applications!≠ ! Product- oriented applications! Web! services! and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product! ≠ !
  • 36. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 36 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products are considered! as autonomous! It is hard to distinguish! Analysis ≠ ! ≠ ! Mobile! applications! Product- oriented applications! Web! services! Two types of interconnections are! rarely combined! and   Product! Product! Web! service! Product!
  • 37. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 37 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments!
  • 38. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 38 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications 2) Perception of mechanisms! State of the art! Research question #1! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments! 1) Perception of interconnections!
  • 39. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 39 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Product! Service! Product! Service! Service! Perception of mechanisms underlying the applications! State of the art! Research question #1! 3) Perception of applications! Descriptive model! Experiments! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms!
  • 40. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 40 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A scenario to draw Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67926008  
  • 41. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 41 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 – 45 years old (m=25,48; σ=5,21) Graduate students in design or innovation 23! split in! 3!groups! min!45! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation)!
  • 42. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 42 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Examples of drawings Pictures available on   http://www.regarde.org/fichiers/thebault-experimentation2.pdf!
  • 43. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 43 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! Transcription of applications
  • 44. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 44 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! Strategies! of transcription Transcription! of applications 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____!
  • 45. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 45 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! 73,91%!put resources! in categories! « Applications »! Indoor/outdoor! Generated data! Physical/digital! Rooms of the house! Random categories! None! Strategies! of categorization Strategies! of transcription Transcription! of applications 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____!
  • 46. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 46 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 23! drawings! Results 4,3!countable! « applications »! 65,22%!illustrate the logic! 73,91%!put resources! in categories! 60,87%   21,27%   13,04%   4,35%   ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____ ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! ____! « Applications »! Indoor/outdoor! Generated data! Physical/digital! Rooms of the house! Random categories! None!
  • 47. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 47 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Applications are! hard to represent
  • 48. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 48 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Two types of applications! can be distinguished Applications are! hard to represent! Service!Product!
  • 49. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 49 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Applications are! hard to represent! Recurring metaphors et   Product! Service! Product! Service! Locations! Two types of applications! can be distinguished
  • 50. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 50 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
  • 51. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 51 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 1) Perception of interconnections! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1!
  • 52. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 52 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications Perception of ! application types! State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
  • 53. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 53 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Selecting three types of applications Applications coupled! to a product   Applications coupled! to a web service   Applications coupled! to the environment  
  • 54. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 54 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A tool to browse and interact with applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67926318  
  • 55. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 55 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 45 years old (m=31,25; σ=7,28) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs 21! min!15! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation 
 + interview)!
  • 56. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 56 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! sucesses! 74,36%!mistakes! 25,64%!failures! 74,5!SUS score! >70%! >80%! 6!minutes! 25!seconds! / task! Effectiveness! and efficiency
  • 57. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 57 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   Applications coupled! to a product   4,45 /5! « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task!
  • 58. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 58 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   Applications coupled! to a product   98,33%   Applications coupled ! to a web service   4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »! « Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task!
  • 59. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 59 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 87%! 74,36%! 25,64%! 74,5! >70%! >80%! 6! 25! 96,66%   98,33%   66,25%   Applications coupled! to the environment   4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! 4,40 /5! 4,10 /5! Sound level! Video stream! « They help making plans. »! Effectiveness! and efficiency Results by! types of! applications sucesses! mistakes! failures! SUS score! minutes! seconds! / task! Applications coupled ! to a web service   « Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »! Applications coupled! to a product   « Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »!
  • 60. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 60 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis Users understand! the applications
  • 61. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 61 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The real-time aspect! is hard to grasp Users understand! the applications
  • 62. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 62 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The real-time aspect! is hard to grasp! Users understand! the applications Locations help! structuring thoughts!
  • 63. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 63 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
  • 64. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 64 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Applications State of the art! 2) Perception of mechanisms! 3) Perception of applications! Experiments! Descriptive model! Research question #1! 1) Perception of interconnections!
  • 65. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 65 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content!
  • 66. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 66 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content! Leverage! knowledge!
  • 67. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 67 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Description of mechanisms Deliver! content! Leverage! knowledge! Shape! behaviors!
  • 68. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 68 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources!
  • 69. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 69 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions!
  • 70. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 70 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A taxonomy of applications Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications automating! resources!
  • 71. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 71 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A conceptual model Applications representing! resources! Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications automatingles ressources!
  • 72. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 72 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A conceptual model Applications augmenting! products’ functions! Applications representing! resources! Applications automatingles ressources!
  • 73. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 73 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 74. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 74 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Hyptohesis:! Designers need to modify the shape and the interactions of products to ensure the intelligibility of applications.! How to make sure applications made visible to users?! Are new design principle necessary?! Research question #2 How to design products whose functions are augmented by applications? !
  • 75. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 75 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 76. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 76 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 77. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 77 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Definition of augmented products Unique! identifier! Self awareness! Sociality! Autonomy! State-fulness!   A computationally instrumented tangible object [...] providing supplementary services without compromising its original appearance and interaction metaphor significantly.! ! ! Kawsar, 2009! ”! “! Characteristics!
  • 78. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 78 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
  • 79. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 79 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Smarter Object! Heun et al., 2013! Digital modification   1   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
  • 80. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 80 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Siftables! Merrill et al., 2007! Surface creation   2   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
  • 81. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 81 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Mediacup! Beigl et al., 2001! Physical modification   3   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
  • 82. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 82 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Taxonomy of augmented products Olinda! Schulze et al., 2008! Product creation   4   Digital! Physical! Creation!Modification! APPROACH! TYPEOFAUGMENTATION!
  • 83. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 83 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Turning products into services Information processing capabilities of products should be used as a design material.! Redstrom, 2001, ! Hallnäs et al., 2002, ! Kuniavsky, 2010! ”! “! Boussard et al., 2011! API! (REST)   Semantic! description! (OWL)   End-user ! representation ! (HTML)  
  • 84. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 84 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 85. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 85 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 86. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 86 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 87. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 87 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 88. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 88 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH A new phase in the design process G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Traditional product   Augmented product   G! F! B! S! G! F! B! S! G! F! B FB!FBS!FBS! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 89. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 89 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Functions (F)!
  • 90. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 90 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on functions! Functions (F)!
  • 91. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 91 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on functions! Impact on behavior! Functions (F)!
  • 92. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 92 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Integrating applications into products Impact on! functions! Impact on! behavior! Impact on! structure! Functions (F)!
  • 93. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 93 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.! Coutaz, 2007!
  • 94. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 94 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Tracability   Coutaz, 2007! Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.! Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.!
  • 95. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 95 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH The intelligibility of applications Observability   Tracability   Controllability   Ability of users to observe, trace, and intervene on the evolution of a system.! Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.! Coutaz, 2007! Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.!
  • 96. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 96 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Intelligibility criteria Observe! Trace! Control! Availability of! applications! How many applications are deployed on the product?! How to add or remove an application?! Has the application been correctly added or removed?! Status of applications! Which applications are currently active?! How to enable or disable an application?! Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?! Scope of applications! Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?! How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?! Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?! Inner-working! of applications! Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?! How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?! Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?! Potential! dysfunctions! Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?! How to solve a conflict between two applications?! Why do problems or bugs occur?!
  • 97. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 97 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Intelligibility criteria Observe! Trace! Control! Availability of! applications! How many applications are deployed on the product?! How to add or remove an application?! Has the application been correctly added or removed?! Status of applications! Which applications are currently active?! How to enable or disable an application?! Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?! Scope of applications! Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?! How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?! Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?! Inner-working! of applications! Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?! How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?! Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?! Potential! dysfunctions! Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?! How to solve a conflict between two applications?! Why do problems or bugs occur?!
  • 98. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 98 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Design spaces Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
  • 99. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 99 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 1   Design spaces Approach #1   Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Mediation tool! Functions! Structure! Behavior!
  • 100. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 100 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 2   Design spaces Approach #2   Embodiment! External representation! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Behavior! Functions! Structure!
  • 101. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 101 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 3   Design spaces Approach #3   Embodiment! Structure! Modular!Integrated! REPRESENTATION! OFAPPLICATIONS! PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE! Behavior! Functions! Structure!
  • 102. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 102 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 103. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 103 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
  • 104. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 104 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 105. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 105 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Agenda! Set up the time of the alarm based on a personal calendar! Traffic! Set up the time of the alarm based on traffic.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
  • 106. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 106 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Radio! Turns on your favorite radio channel.! Podcast! Downloads and plays a podcast.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
  • 107. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 107 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Defining six applications Facebook! Posts a status message when you stop the alarm.! Weather! Reads the weather forecast of the day.! Applications modifying ! the settings of the alarm! Applications modifying ! the way you wake up! Applications triggered ! after stopping the alarm!
  • 108. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 108 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Exploring possible structures Camille Lefer! Intern in 2011!
  • 109. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 109 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Prototyping Robert Huynh! Intern 2012! Camille Lefer! Intern in 2011!
  • 110. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 110 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product 1: external representation of applications
  • 111. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 111 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product 1: external representation of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927011  
  • 112. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 112 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #2: embodiment of applications
  • 113. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 113 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #2: embodiment of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927133  
  • 114. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 114 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #3: embodiment of applications
  • 115. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 115 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Product #3: embodiment of applications Video available on   h"p://vimeo.com/67927254  
  • 116. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 116 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 117. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 117 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 118. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 118 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Perception of the shape and interactions of the product.! Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 119. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 119 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
  • 120. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 120 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 120 List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
  • 121. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 121 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
  • 122. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 122 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
  • 123. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 123 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH List of tasks Observe the configuration of the product.! Which applications are currently active?! Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?! It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?! Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]! Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
  • 124. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 124 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH 22 - 46 years old (m=33,28; σ=7,78) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs 21! min!20! User panel and procedure min!15!+! (evaluation 
 + interview)!
  • 125. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 125 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! Observe! Visible ! applications.! 22!sec! 35!sec! 24!sec! 95,24%   71,43%   95,24%   A familiar interface.!
  • 126. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 126 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 80,95%   83,33%   59,52%   Trace! Movements help tracing ! the action.! Lack of feedback.! 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100!
  • 127. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 127 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Results 97,61%   95,24%   100%   Control! 22!sec! 38!sec! 20!sec! 0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! Simple and intuitive interactions.!
  • 128. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 128 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped
  • 129. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 129 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped The modular structure of products! reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
  • 130. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 130 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Analysis The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped Products still lack feedback The modular structure of products! reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
  • 131. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 131 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art! Products
  • 132. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 132 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Products Research question #2! 1) Product design! Operationalization! Design principles! 2) Experiments! 3) Revised principles! State of the art!
  • 133. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 133 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
  • 134. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 134 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
  • 135. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 135 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Principles Radical atoms! Ishii et al., 2012.! Shape- shifting interfaces! Rasmussen et al., 2012.! Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes! INTEGRATED STRUCTURE! MODULAR STRUCTURE!
  • 136. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 136 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Descriptive model of applications!1   <   Description! of mechanisms! Taxonomy of! product-oriented applications! Conceptual model!
  • 137. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 137 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Principles for the design of products!1   2   Design process! Intelligibility criteria! Design spaces! Design principles! <   Descriptive model of applications! Description! of mechanisms! Taxonomy of! product-oriented applications! Conceptual model!
  • 138. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 138 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Coffee! spot! Things ! Lab! Meeting! room! + other locations! Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »!3   Frens, 2006!
  • 139. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 139 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Contributions Resources! 3   Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »! Frens, 2006! Coffee! spot! Things ! Lab! Meeting! room! + other locations!
  • 140. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 140 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Next steps Formalize! design methods! Apply the design principles! Develop appropriate software architecture!
  • 141. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 141 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Next steps Open a discussion on ! the future of products! Formalize! design methods! Apply the design principles! Develop appropriate software architecture!
  • 142. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 142 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards shape-changing products Functions/! applications! Structure!
  • 143. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 143 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Towards shape-changing products Maxime Nicoul, Pierre Méar, Yoann Jestin, Matthieu Laroche! Jules Rattier, Cécile Fleuret, ! Alexis Porhiel, Guillaume Faure,! Ge Wang! Rahman Kalfane, Nadim Raad, ! Faustine Bougro, Laure Charton! Functions/! applications! Structure! http://vimeo.com/40607550! http://vimeo.com/40624601! http://vimeo.com/39879956!
  • 144. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 144 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products Augmented product   Composeable product     G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! G! F! B! S F B! S! G! F B! G! G G F B S F B S FBS!FBS! FB! Sx! SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 145. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 145 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Augmented product   Composeable product     SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 146. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 146 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH When applications define the structure of products G: goal! F: functions! C: behavior! S: structure! Augmented product   Composeable product     SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
  • 147. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 147 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH §  Each chapter describes a step! of the research process.! ! §  Situating my pratice! in existing theorical frameworks.! ! §  An opportunity to share ! intuitions and propositions.! ! §  A choice to raise questions, explore and discuss perspectives.! Thesis
  • 148. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 148 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Papers Workshop on Interacting with ! Smart Objects! Transactions ! on Interactive ! Intelligent Systems! Workshop on ! the Web of Things ! Embodying services into physical places: ! towards the design of a mobile environment browser! Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu! EnvB: An Environment-based Mobile Browser ! for the Web of Things! Pierrick Thébault, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu, Cédric Mivielle, Simon Richir! ! Towards the Design of Intelligible Object-based applications for the Web of Things! Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Simon Richir! International Journal ! of Design and Innovation Research! IJODIR Designing for the Ubiquitous Computing era: towards the reinvention of everyday objects and the creation of new user experiences! Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir! ! Virtual Reality ! International Conference! The bridge between physical and digital worlds: implications for the design of Internet-enabled products! Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir,!
  • 149. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 149 PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH Thanks to Fahim! Kawsar! Natalie! Lehoux! Jean-Baptiste! Labrune! Robert ! Huynh! Camille ! Lefer! Dominique ! Decotter! Florentin ! Rodio! Alexis ! Eve! Cédric! Mivielle! Arnaud! Gonguet! Matthieu! Boussard! Yann! Gasté! Patrick! Legrand! Lieven! Trappeniers! Frédérique! Pain! Bruno! Aidan! Vincent! Hiribarren! Fabrice Poussière! Simon! Richir! Henri! Samier! David! Bihanic! Thesis committee! Team leaders! Interns! Social scientists! Mentors! Participants!
  • 150. models and principles for the ! design of augmented products Pierrick Thébault! Designing for the! Internet of Things:! LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION Thesis supervisor: Simon RICHIR! Co-supervisors: Henri SAMIER, David BIHANIC, Frédérique PAIN! & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE