The proliferation of new sources of data opens up the possibility for designers to develop new approaches towards the creation of interactive artifacts. While design practice has been driven by a user-centered paradigm, which aims at providing people with solutions to their everyday issues, it now examines data as a new material that can be extracted, manipulated and visualized to better inform users about the world. In this presentation, Pierrick Thébault will draw upon his past research and projects to highlight the differences between data-centric, application-centric and artifact-centric approaches and to discuss the challenges and opportunities of designing with data.
4. From data analysis… … to innovation.
X, Y, t, € Activity and
behavioral patterns
Visualizations and
decision-making tools
Designing
at SENSEable
City Lab
4ABOUT ME |
7. 7
Design is
often placed as…
DATA AS A NEW DESIGN MATERIAL |
A creative
framework
that guides the
methodology and
the implementation
of ideas.
A functionalist
approach
that ensures simplification,
rationalization and
effectiveness thanks
to a given process.
A second
pole
that complements
other domains in order
to increase business
success through user
acceptance.
9. 9
The value
of data
DATA AS A NEW DESIGN MATERIAL |
The epistemic value can
provide or channel new
knowledge.
The heuristic value can help
making discoveries or finding
new ways forward.
The praxic/poïetic value leads to
the creation of new artifacts as
well as the production of wealth.
Values / David Bihanic
Value
12. 12DATA AS A NEW DESIGN MATERIAL |
Company
or institution
(expected)
Knowledge
Dataset Analysis tools
& visualizations
Application
World
Application-centric
approach
1 2 3
#3
16. 16DATA CENTRIC APPROACH |
Research
question
How can visualization platforms inform
citizens of the potential of trip-sharing?
Data / 170 million taxi trips
Scale / New York City, 2011
HubCab, 2014
Project / Szell, Baczuk, Groß, Lee, Thébault et Al.
21. 21ARTIFACT-CENTRIC APPROACH |
Research
question
How can visualization platforms inform
citizens of the opportunities to improve
the “removal-chain”?
Data / 3000 trash objects
Scale / Seatle, 500 persons
Trash Track, 2009
Project / Offenhuber, Morello, Tinauli, Kloeckl, Girod et Al.
25. 25APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |
Company
or institution
(expected)
Knowledge
Dataset Analysis tools
& visualizations
Application
World
Application-centric
approach
1 2 3
#3
26. 26
Case study #3
Many cities
APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |2014
Video / Signature of Humanity, MIT
27. Many Cities, 2014
Research
question
How can spatio-temporal patterns of mobile
traffic bring people to reflect on their collective
activities in cities?
Data / Calls, SMS, uploads/downloads, requests
Scale / 3 months at 15 min resolution on cell level
27APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |
Project / Thébault, Grauwin, Sobolevsky et Al.
31. Mini-MongoDB
• Density maps data
• Combinations
• User accounts
• Comments
MySQL DB
• Timelines data
• Clusters dataAPACHE
• REST API serving
JSON objects
Web client
31
Software
architecture
Many Cities, 2014 APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |
Meteor bundle
NodeJS
• Client files
• Server files
LAMP bundle
PHP
39. 39
Methods
Many Cities, 2014 APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |
A/B testing questionnaire
Capturing users’ knowledge on city
through two phases:
a) users have to answer the questions based on their own
experience and knowledge of the city,
b) users are confronted with a preconfigured visualization
that will be used to answer the question.
Questionnaire
Evaluating the perceived
usefulness of the application
through the capture of the
degree of agreement of
different statements.
Panel: 32 participants (Ericsson researchers, MIT science researchers, Urban planning
researchers, naïve users)
41. 41APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |Urban Radiology, 2014
Research
question
How can visualization platforms transform
tourism planning into a more inclusive,
data-driven process?
Data / Card transactions of BBVA customers and BBVA terminals
Scale / 1 year of data for the whole country
Project / Thébault, Lee, Sobolevsky, Greco et Al.
53. Urban Radiology, 2014 53
Method
APPLICATION-CENTRIC APPROACH |
Task-based questionnaire
Measuring the effectiveness
(i.e. the ability of users to
complete the tasks) and the
efficiency (i.e. the level of
resources consumed in
performing tasks) of the
application.
Survey scale
Using the System Usability
Scale (SUS), to obtain
more general results to get
a single score (out of 100)
that can be used for
relative judgment
Semi-directed interview
Gathering qualitative
feedback on the usability
of the application
(strengths, weaknesses,
improvements) and
evaluating its perceived
usefulness.
Panel: 12 users (spanish / non-spanish)
58. 58DISCUSSION |
Opportunity
#2
Creating new pricing models
based on behavioral data.
Image/ Etna Broker
Visualizing / behavioral and environmental data
at different scales.