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AF2110 Management Accounting
Assignment 1


Exercise 1-2 (10 minutes)

 1. Line
 2. Directing and motivating
 3. Budgets
 4. Planning
 5. Staff
 6. Decentralization
 7. Precision; Nonmonetary data
 8. Managerial accounting; Financial accounting
 9. Feedback
10. Controller
11. Performance report
12. Chief Financial Officer
Exercise 1-3 (15 minutes)
If cashiers routinely shortchanged customers whenever the opportunity presented itself,
most of us would be careful to count our change before leaving the counter. Imagine
what effect this would have on the line at your favorite fast-food restaurant. How would
you like to wait in line while each and every customer laboriously counts out his or her
change? Additionally, if you can’t trust the cashiers to give honest change, can you trust
the cooks to take the time to follow health precautions such as washing their hands? If
you can’t trust anyone at the restaurant would you even want to eat out?
Generally, when we buy goods and services in the free market, we assume we are buy-
ing from people who have a certain level of ethical standards. If we could not trust peo-
ple to maintain those standards, we would be reluctant to buy. The net result of
widespread dishonesty would be a shrunken economy with a lower growth rate and few-
er goods and services for sale at a lower overall level of quality.
Problem 1-4 (30 minutes)
1. Line authority is directly related to the achievement of an organization’s basic
   objectives. Line managers have formal authority to direct operations.
   Staff assists line management in the achievement of an organization’s basic
   objectives. Persons with staff authority provide support services. Staff managers
   typically have advisory authority because of their particular expertise.

2. Mark Johnson’s responsibility for maintaining the production schedule involves line
   authority. Johnson would be directly concerned with meeting the company’s primary
   objective of producing metal parts.
   Johnson’s responsibility to consult with production supervisors is a staff role because
   he apparently cannot order changes in those consultations, only advise. Johnson’s
   supervision of new alloy testing and his role regarding the use of new alloys in
   product development is basically a staff function as well. He has limited authority
   regarding the use of new alloys because his authority applies only to product
   development and not to production.

3. Mark Johnson may experience several conflicts because he has been given both line
   and staff authority.
   First, Johnson may initially find it difficult to communicate with the production
   supervisors because he operates out of a staff position.
   Second, a conflict could easily develop if the supervisors lacked a clear understanding
   of Johnson’s responsibilities and authorities. The supervisors could resent apparent
   staff interference and refuse to discuss their problems with Johnson, making the
   meetings fruitless. The supervisors working on the new contract may fail to perceive
   Johnson’s line authority and refuse to follow his orders.
   Third, Johnson might have difficulty in understanding the nature of his position and
   job. Johnson might also find it difficult to distinguish between his staff capacity and
   line capacity. For instance, Johnson might have difficulty in remaining objective if any
   production problems develop in the alloys he tested.
                                                        (Unofficial CMA Solution, adapted)
Problem 1-7 (20 minutes)
1. Failure to report the obsolete nature of the inventory would violate the Standards of
   Ethical Conduct as follows:

     Competence
     • Perform duties in accordance with relevant technical standards.
     • Prepare complete reports using reliable information.
     • By failing to write down the value of the obsolete inventory, Perlman would not
     be preparing a complete report using reliable information. In addition, generally
     accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require the write-down of obsolete
     inventory.

     Integrity
     • Avoid conflicts of interest.
     • Refrain from activities that prejudice the ability to perform duties ethically.
     • Refrain from subverting the legitimate goals of the organization.
     • Refrain from discrediting the profession.
  Members of the management team, of which Perlman is a part, are responsible for
  both operations and recording the results of operations. Since the team will benefit
  from a bonus, increasing earnings by ignoring the obsolete inventory is clearly a
  conflict of interest. Perlman would also be concealing unfavorable information and
  subverting the goals of the organization. Furthermore, such behavior is a discredit to
  the profession.


  Objectivity
     • Communicate information fairly and objectively.
     • Disclose all relevant information.
     • Hiding the obsolete inventory impairs the objectivity and relevance of financial
     statements.


2. As discussed above, the ethical course of action would be for Perlman to insist on
   writing down the obsolete inventory. This would not, however, be an easy thing to
   do. Apart from adversely affecting her own compensation, the ethical action may
   anger her colleagues and make her very unpopular. Taking the ethical action would
   require considerable courage and self-assurance.

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Assignment 01

  • 1. AF2110 Management Accounting Assignment 1 Exercise 1-2 (10 minutes) 1. Line 2. Directing and motivating 3. Budgets 4. Planning 5. Staff 6. Decentralization 7. Precision; Nonmonetary data 8. Managerial accounting; Financial accounting 9. Feedback 10. Controller 11. Performance report 12. Chief Financial Officer
  • 2. Exercise 1-3 (15 minutes) If cashiers routinely shortchanged customers whenever the opportunity presented itself, most of us would be careful to count our change before leaving the counter. Imagine what effect this would have on the line at your favorite fast-food restaurant. How would you like to wait in line while each and every customer laboriously counts out his or her change? Additionally, if you can’t trust the cashiers to give honest change, can you trust the cooks to take the time to follow health precautions such as washing their hands? If you can’t trust anyone at the restaurant would you even want to eat out? Generally, when we buy goods and services in the free market, we assume we are buy- ing from people who have a certain level of ethical standards. If we could not trust peo- ple to maintain those standards, we would be reluctant to buy. The net result of widespread dishonesty would be a shrunken economy with a lower growth rate and few- er goods and services for sale at a lower overall level of quality.
  • 3. Problem 1-4 (30 minutes) 1. Line authority is directly related to the achievement of an organization’s basic objectives. Line managers have formal authority to direct operations. Staff assists line management in the achievement of an organization’s basic objectives. Persons with staff authority provide support services. Staff managers typically have advisory authority because of their particular expertise. 2. Mark Johnson’s responsibility for maintaining the production schedule involves line authority. Johnson would be directly concerned with meeting the company’s primary objective of producing metal parts. Johnson’s responsibility to consult with production supervisors is a staff role because he apparently cannot order changes in those consultations, only advise. Johnson’s supervision of new alloy testing and his role regarding the use of new alloys in product development is basically a staff function as well. He has limited authority regarding the use of new alloys because his authority applies only to product development and not to production. 3. Mark Johnson may experience several conflicts because he has been given both line and staff authority. First, Johnson may initially find it difficult to communicate with the production supervisors because he operates out of a staff position. Second, a conflict could easily develop if the supervisors lacked a clear understanding of Johnson’s responsibilities and authorities. The supervisors could resent apparent staff interference and refuse to discuss their problems with Johnson, making the meetings fruitless. The supervisors working on the new contract may fail to perceive Johnson’s line authority and refuse to follow his orders. Third, Johnson might have difficulty in understanding the nature of his position and job. Johnson might also find it difficult to distinguish between his staff capacity and line capacity. For instance, Johnson might have difficulty in remaining objective if any production problems develop in the alloys he tested. (Unofficial CMA Solution, adapted)
  • 4. Problem 1-7 (20 minutes) 1. Failure to report the obsolete nature of the inventory would violate the Standards of Ethical Conduct as follows: Competence • Perform duties in accordance with relevant technical standards. • Prepare complete reports using reliable information. • By failing to write down the value of the obsolete inventory, Perlman would not be preparing a complete report using reliable information. In addition, generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require the write-down of obsolete inventory. Integrity • Avoid conflicts of interest. • Refrain from activities that prejudice the ability to perform duties ethically. • Refrain from subverting the legitimate goals of the organization. • Refrain from discrediting the profession. Members of the management team, of which Perlman is a part, are responsible for both operations and recording the results of operations. Since the team will benefit from a bonus, increasing earnings by ignoring the obsolete inventory is clearly a conflict of interest. Perlman would also be concealing unfavorable information and subverting the goals of the organization. Furthermore, such behavior is a discredit to the profession. Objectivity • Communicate information fairly and objectively. • Disclose all relevant information. • Hiding the obsolete inventory impairs the objectivity and relevance of financial statements. 2. As discussed above, the ethical course of action would be for Perlman to insist on writing down the obsolete inventory. This would not, however, be an easy thing to do. Apart from adversely affecting her own compensation, the ethical action may anger her colleagues and make her very unpopular. Taking the ethical action would require considerable courage and self-assurance.