COPD is a progressive lung disease defined by abnormal airflow that worsens over time. It encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema and is usually caused by smoking or air pollution. Symptoms include a chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Diagnosis involves lung function tests showing reduced airflow. Treatment focuses on stopping smoking and medications to relieve symptoms.

1. COPD CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

7. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

10. EMPHYSEMA

12. Emphysema classified according to site of damage : • Centri-acinar emphysema :Distension and damage of lung tissue is concentrated around the respiratory bronchioles,whilst the more distal alveolar ducts and alveoli tend to be well preserved.This form of emphysema is extremely common;when of modest extent,it is not necessarily associated with disability.

13. • Pan-acinar emphysema :. This is less common.Here,distension and destruction appear to involve the whole of the acinus,and in the extreme form the lung becomes a mass of bullae. Severe airflow limitation and VA/Q mismatch occur. • Occurs in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

14. Irregular emphysema :There is scarring and damage affecting the lung parenchyma patchily without particular regard for acinar structure.

23. Classification and diagnosis of copd Breathlessness, wheeze, cough prominent, swollen legs FEV 1 40% Severe exertional breathlessness+_wheeze, cough+_ sputum FEV 1 40-59% Moderate Smoker’s cough +_ exertional breathlessness FEV 1 60-90% Mild symptoms spirometry severity

28. PREVENTION

31. IF NOT PREVENTED

33. PRESENTED BY: RENU SHARDA 2008 BATCH