This document summarizes an analysis of Cambodia's institutional architecture for food security policy reform. It finds that the policy change process is complex, involving numerous ministries and agencies with overlapping responsibilities. It evaluates Cambodia's capacity for policy change across several areas, finding some strengths like strategic planning but also weaknesses like limited coordination, technical capacity, and mutual accountability. The analysis concludes with key recommendations to demonstrate political commitment to agriculture through increased funding and capacity, improve coordination mechanisms, and strengthen monitoring and evaluation for accountability.

1. Institutional Architecture for Food
Security Policy Reform:
Program Highlights
Cambodia
September 2013

2. Policy changes are complex,
non-linear processes that are
often unique to a particular
country.
Solution: Country Level
Analysis
Coordinate
Action across
Institutions
Design Policy
Options
Identify
Implementation
Barriers
Effective policy change processes
share similar characteristics:
Predictable, Transparent, Inclusive
Why Institutional Architecture?

3. Methodology
Part I - Mapping
of Institutional
Architecture:
• Key Systems
• Processes
• Relationships
that influence
the food
security policy
development
process.
Part II – Capacity of
Policy Change:
• Guiding Policy
Framework
• Development &
Coordination
• Inclusivity &
Consultation
• Evidence-Based
Analysis
• Implementation
• Mutual Accountability

4. Schedule of Countries in Asia
Nepal
Bangladesh
Cambodia
July 2013
Planned 2013
Planned 2013

5. Lessons Learned from Africa
Policy making not
based on sound,
evidence-based
analysis
Slow
implementatio
n of
agricultural
investment
plans
Lack of
private
sector and
civil society
engageme
nt
Lack of
strategic
planning
and multi-
sector
coordinatio
n
Limited capacity for
mutual accountability,
transparency, and
M&E

6. The Situation in Nepal
Council of
Ministers
The policy change process in Nepal is complex, with numerous Ministries, and Agencies
holding different, frequently overlapping responsibilities. This situation is exacerbated by a
recent history of political and social instability from a 10-year violent conflict beginning in
1996.
Ministries of:
• Agricultural Development
• Cooperatives and Poverty
Alleviation
• Federal Affairs and Local
Development
• Land Reform and
Management
Autonomous
Nepal
Agriculture
Research
Council

7. Capacity of Food Security Policy Change in Nepal
1. Guiding Policy Framework
• Clearly Defined and Consistent Policy Framework: Status Yellow
• Predictability and Transparency of the Policy-Making Process: Status Yellow
• Clear and Functional Legislative System: Status Red
• Appropriate Dispute Resolution Process/Judicial Framework: Status Yellow
• Clearly defined Institutional Responsibilities: Status Yellow
2. Policy Development and Coordination
• Approved Food Security Strategy/Investment Plan: Status Green
• Predictable Policy Agenda and Priorities Developed: Status Green
• Annual Work Plans: Status Green
• Functioning Coordination Process: Status Yellow
• Secretariat/Administrative Support Function: Status Red
• Technical Capacity: Status Red
• Political Support and Approval: Status Yellow
• Engagement of Parliament /Legislative Body: Status Red

8. Capacity of Food Security Policy Change in Nepal
3. Inclusivity and Stakeholder Consultation
• Inclusive Participation within the Policy Coordination Management Entity: Status Yellow
• Outreach And Communications: Status Green
• Private Sector Participation-Opportunity/Space: Status Green
• Private Sector Participation-Capacity to participate: Status Green
• Participation of CSOs-Opportunity/Space: Status Yellow
• Participation of CSOs-Capacity to Participate: Status Yellow
4. Evidence-Based Analysis
• Economic and Financial Analysis Completed as a Component of Planning: Status Yellow
• Performance Monitoring Measures and Targets Developed: Status Yellow
• Quality Data Exists for Policy Monitoring: Status Yellow
• Quality Data is available for Policy Making: Status Green
• Inclusion of Analysis in the Policy Development Process: Status Yellow
• Annual Performance Measurement Report Produced and Reviewed. : Status Green
• Independent Analysis Capacity Exists: Status Green
Conti….

9. Capacity of Food Security Policy Change in Nepal
5. Policy Implementation
• Implementation Plans Developed: Status Green
• System in Place to Analyze Implementation Capacity Constraints: Status Green
• Food Security Policy Priorities Aligned with Work Plans of Line Ministries: Status Red
• Policy Implementation Budget Committed by Host Country: Status Red
• Supplemental Implementation Funds Secured: Status Yellow
• Administrative and Technical Capacity of Staff to Implement Policy Change: Status Yellow
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Status Yellow
6. Mutual Accountability
• A Forum Exists for Regularly Scheduled Donor-GON Meetings: Status Yellow
• Joint Policy Priorities Developed : Status Green
• Monitoring System Exists : Status Green
• Donor Coordination-Alignment and Harmonization: Status Green
• Private Sector Accountability : Status Red
• CSO Sector Accountability. : Status Red

10. Key IA Findings in Nepal
• Clearly articulated strategic vision and policy framework
• Several barriers prevent a truly effective process
• Key commitments are needed:
Demonstrate a
credible political
commitment to
agriculture
through funding
and management
capacity
increases.
Improve
coordination
mechanisms at
all levels of the
policy process
through cross-
sectoral
committees.
Create
accountability
in program
implementation
by strengthening
M&E at all levels
of
implementation.

11. Thank You