This document provides an overview of Doordarshan, the public service broadcaster of India. It discusses the history and establishment of Doordarshan, describing how it began terrestrial television broadcasts in 1959. The document outlines the key components of Doordarshan's infrastructure, including studios, transmitters, earth stations, and various television equipment. It also provides technical details on television standards, encoding, transmission systems, and the role of different types of antennas and satellites in broadcast distribution.

1. INPLANT TRAINING REPORT
REHAN FAZAL (1171110180)
UTSAV GAMI (1171110175)
SIDDHANTH CHAKRABORTY
(1171110174)
DOORDARSHAN

2. OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
TV STUDIO
TRANSMISSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 LARGEST BOARDCASTING
ORGANISATION
 1ST SERVICE STARTED ON 15TH
SEP,1959
 Doordarshan = Distant + Show.
 Doordarshan is an Indian public service
broadcaster.
 One of the largest broadcasting
organizations in India in terms of the
infrastructure of studios and transmitters.

4.  Terrestrial television in India
started in Delhi on 15
September 1959.
 The regular daily transmission
started in 1965 as a part of All
India Radio.
 Television services were
separated from radio in 1976.
 In 1982 color TV was
introduced in the Indian market.

5. DD Setup
• Satellite - INSAT-3C, 740 E
• Transponder – C24
Parameters:
• Symbol rate – 4.25 MSPS,
• Downlink Freq. – 4166.50 MHz,
• FEC – ¾,
• Polarisation D/L – Vertical, Linear.
Equipments -
• Encoder (E5411), Modulator (SM600), Multiplexer (Mx5620)
– Two nos. each (Tandberg make) in 1+1 Mode
• Up Converter (Advent) - Two
• 700 W HPA (Xicom) – Two
• Network Management PC

6. Doordarshan's Signature Tune and
Montage (1974)
• It all started 52 years ago, on 15 September 1959. With a humble
beginning and a little support from All India Radio. Doordarshan (DD)
started its transmission and gave birth to Indian Television. When we
think about Doordarshan the first thing that comes in our mind is the
sad signature tune which would play before the transmission every
Morning, Afternoon & Evening Sessions. Similer to the AIR Signature
tune , the Doordarshan's Signature Tune is embedded in our minds till
it got a setback due to the upsurge of Cable television in the early 90's.
This Nostalgic piece of music was composed by Ustad Ali Ahmed
Hussain Khan with Pandit Ravi Shankar in 1974. In 1976 the DD
Montage was designed at National Institute of Design (NID). In the next
two decades from the early 80's to mid 90's, Doordarshan produced
some of the finest serials on Indian Television. The people born in that
generation when there was no other channel than DD will & definitely
do miss it. This slow mournful Signature Tune has become a cherished
memory for generations of Indians all across the world.

8. TELEVISION STANDARDS
• NTSC-National television standards
committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60 vertical
lines)
• SECAM-System electronics for colour avec
memory(FRANCE)(625 vertical & 50horizantal
lines)
• PAL- Phase Alternating lines(GERMANY)(625
horizontal & 50 vertical line)
Television standards used in India is PAL

9. PAL ENCODER & DECODER
• Input is the primary colour (i.e. red, green,
blue) into matrix circuit as Y, R-Y, B-Y.
• Y=0.30R+0.59G+.11B
• U=0.477(R-Y)
• V=0.895(B-Y)
• Out of 625 horizontal line only 575 are active
• 50 vertical lines

10. COLOUR COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL

11. • Front porch is to crate horizontal blanking
Also contain sync pulse
• Back porch is the portion of each scan line
between end of horizontal sync pulse and
start of active video signal
• Colour burst is absent in the black and white
transmission of video signal

12. TELEVISION COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER
FM MODULATOR
FM SOUND
TRANSMITTER
MIC.
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR RF AMPLIFIER
POWER
AMPLIFIER
SCANNING CIRCUIT
COMBINING
NETWORK
DEPLEXER
CAME
RA
VIDEO
AMPLIFIER
AM
MODULATION
AMPLIFIER

13. A television
studio is an
installation in
which
television or video
productions take
place .
TELEVISION STUDIO

14. COMPONENTS OF TV STUDIO
• Camera
• Lighting
• Microphones
• Vision mixer and Audio consoles
• MSR
• VTR
• Acoustics
• Post production and video effects
• Supporting services like AC, UPS

15. VISION MIXER
• A vision mixer (also called video
switcher, video mixer or production
switcher) is a device used to select
between several different video sources and
in some cases mix video sources together
and add special effects.
• It has many input sources such as cameras,
VCR/ server, Graphics/Character
Generators,etc.
• Out of these input, any source can be taken
as output.
• Sources can be changed as cut to cut,
dissolve, wipe and other special effects.

17. ACTION AREA
CAM
ERA
HEA
D
UNIT
AUDIO
CONNE
CTER
LIGHTN
ING
UNITS
TALK
BACK
MANA
GEMEN
T

18. TYPICAL VIDEO CHAIN
TYPICAL AUDIO CHAIN
DistributorVision Mixer LOGO
Generator
Earth station
through
Optical Fiber
STL
Link
Sources
DistributorAudio Console
Analog to
AES
Converter
Earth station
through
Optical Fiber
Sources
STL Link

19. MSR
• It is the heart of the studio.
• Most of the switching electronics is
kept e.g. camera base
stations, switcher main
frame, SPG, Satellite receivers, MW
link, DDA & most of the patch
panels.
• Signal is routed through MSR.
• Signal can be Monitored at various
stages

20. PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM
• MONITOR
PROGRAM AND
GRAPHICS
• VISION MIXER
(to select video
sources)
• Audio console
• Add video
effect

21. MASTER CONTROL ROOM
It connect the of following equipment
• Camera control unit
• VTRs
• Patch panel
• Vision mixer

22. • CHARCTER GENERATORS
Names and graphics inserted into programs
• CONTROL APPARATUS ROOM
Includes the power supply unit
UPS room
Generator
• VIDEO TAPE RECORDER
Consists of recorded materials i.e. v.c.r

23. OB Van & DSNG
• A typical OB Van is usually
divided into 4 parts.
• The first and largest part is the
production area or sitting area
for all directors & producers.
• The second part of a van is for
the audio engineer.
• The 3rd part of the van is video
tape.

24. OB VAN

25. • The 4th part is transmission where the signal is monitored
by and engineered for quality control purposes and is
transmitted or sent to other trucks.
• DSNG is a portable uplinking centre.

26. EARTH STATION
• Earth Station is a very important part of satellite
communication system for broadcasting of signals.
• It is an uplink center from which the signals are fed to
Satellite for distribution in a specified area covered by the
Satellite.
• The signal is up-linked from the Earth Station and
received by many down link centers in TV broad casting
via PDA.
• Two Types: 1) Analog, 2) Digital
• Digital Earth Stations are widely used because of various
advantages over analog.

27. Major Components of Digital Earth
Station
• PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna)
• FEED
• Wave Guide / Low Loss Cable
• HPA (TWTA, Klystrons)
• Up converter
• Modulator
• Encoder
• Multiplexer
• IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder)

28. EARTH STATION

29. TRANSMITTER
 Aid of antenna
 Produces radio wave
 Connect earth station
to satellites
 Also connect
television

30. Types of TV Transmitters
VLPT’s, LPT’s & HPT’s
• A 10 KW HPT is only 10-20%
efficient.
• It has beamwidth of 360
deg, hence can cover upto 65
kms of area around it.
• It has various other supporting
units with it to maintain the
quality of s/g to be Txd. Like-
Monitoring section, blower
section, amplification section

31. ANTENNA & SATELLITE
• An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer
designed to transmit or receive
electromagnetic waves. In other words,
antennas convert electromagnetic
waves into electrical currents and vice
versa.

32. TYPES
• Isotropic antenna (idealized)
o Radiates power equally in all directions.
• Dipole antennas-
o Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz
antenna)
o Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or
Marconi antenna)
• Parabolic Dish / Reflective Antenna

34. RESOURCES
• http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/
a/Television.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_televisio
n_systems
• http://www.althos.com/tutorial/TV-advertising-
tutorial-broadcast-television-system.html
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/44694977/Modern-
Communication-Systems-PART-1-TELEVISION
• http://www.danalee.ca/ttt/transmission.htm