2. 1. Introductory Video
2. Key Definitions
3. Broad Ideas
4. Globalisation:
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
5. Globalisation: Exploitation
5.1 Labour
5.2 Environment
6. Globalisation: Sports
7. Globalisation: Food
8. Globalisation:
Cultural Imperialism
9. Globalisation: Technology
10. Globalisation: Terrorism
11. Broad Conclusion
12. Essay Questions
13. Extended Reading Package

3. 1. What are some of the broad topics revolving around the term “Globalisation”?
2. What are some of the evidences on how globalisation has transformed the way
we live and how humans interact? What have caused such changes?
>> Mouse over the screen to play video

4. Global City;
Shrinking world
Trade: Imports and Exports
We now live in a transient
world where spatial
differences and political
boundaries no longer limit
our interactions.

5. Through product and process innovation (management and
organization changes; Production processes can also be
enhanced to increase output per unit input and achieve
greater productive efficiency)
Annex (Source: Wikipedia)
Global city: City which is an important node in the global economic
system.
Largely created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic
locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of
the global system of finance and trade.
World city: Cities that control a disproportionate amount of global
business.
Megacity: Metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten
million people. A megacity can be a single metropolitan area or two
or more metropolitan areas that converge. Outsourcing & Factor Mobility (such as labours)
Source:

6. Source:
New

7. Source:
*** EU and OPEC ***
Trade Bloc, aka “Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs)”
Refer to Extended Reading Package Article:
“What factors have contributed to globalisation in recent years?”
Factor Mobility
Shrinking World:
Descriptive phenomenon where
countries around the world are
becoming rapidly and increasingly
interconnected and interdependent.

8. Marketing

10. GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
Over-exploitation
Commercialisation
Bio-fuel
Environment
Degradation
Foreign Direct
Investments
Knowledge diffusion
Centrifugal
Growth
Food safety
Capital-Intensive
Profit-
Making
Global Demands
Land scarcity
Hunger
Population Growth
Global Competition
Marketing
GlobalOutreach
Franchise
First-Mover
Advantage
Politics
Paradigm
shift
FoodSecurity
Bio-
engineering
Biotechnology
Trade
Agreements
Transportation
Communication
Security
Sovereignty
Comparative
Advantage
Inequality
Poverty

11. GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
Over-exploitation
Commercialisation
Inequality
Bio-fuel
Environment
Degradation
Foreign Direct
Investments
Knowledge diffusion
Centrifugal
Growth
Food safety
Capital-Intensive
Profit-
Making
Global Demands
Land scarcity
Hunger
Population Growth
Global Competition
Marketing
GlobalOutreach
Franchise
First-Mover
Advantage
Poverty
Politics
Paradigm
shift
FoodSecurity
Bio-
engineering
Biotechnology
Trade
Agreements
Transportation
Security
Sovereignty
Comparative
Advantage
Communication

12. Centrifugal
Growth
GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
Over-exploitation
Commercialisation
Inequality
Bio-fuel
Environment
Degradation
Foreign Direct
Investments
Knowledge diffusion
Food safety
Capital-Intensive
Profit-
Making
Global Demands
Land scarcity
Hunger
Population Growth
Global Competition
Marketing
GlobalOutreach
Franchise
First-Mover
Advantage
Poverty
Politics
Paradigm
shift
FoodSecurity
Bio-
engineering
Biotechnology
Trade
Agreements
Transportation
Security
Sovereignty
Profit-
Making
Comparative
Advantage
Communication

14. Outsourcing:
“Delegating (part of) activities to an
outside contractor.”
– Source: The Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The act of contracting out a business
process to third parties, or obtaining
(goods, services or labours) from an
outside supplier through contracture
agreements.

15. Compulsory Reading Article: Globalisation shakes the world
(BBC)

17. Extended Reading Package:
•Globalisation and outsourcing: confronting new human resource challenges in India’s business pro
By Sarosh Kuruvilla and Aruna Ranganathan for Industrial Relations Journal
•Global Services Outsourcing (Pg 7 – 26)
By Ronan McIvor, Cambridge University Press
•Global outsourcing and its impacts on organisations: problems and issues

18. How has BPO give rise to economic
superpowers leaching and over-
exploiting labour and sucking the last
bit of resources out from the resource-
rich and relatively less developed
nations where factor prices remain
comparatively low?

20. The Globalisation of Nike
1.How far is the success story of Nike a microcosm of the rapid expansions of MNCs worldwide?
2.What are some of the problems highlighted in the video surrounding this rapid expansion as a
result of globalisation?
 Take note of the definitions of useful key terms highlighted in the video.

22. Compulsory Reading Articles
1.Bangladesh Pollution, Told in Colors and Smells
(NYTimes)
2.What is the impact of globalisation on the environment
(Economic Globalisation Origins and consequences,
OECD)

23. There’re ample examples of MNCs mistreating cheap labours and over-
exploiting natural resources through unethical practices, but it is important to
relate back to how globalisation has been a driver of such phenomena.

24. Extended Reading Package:
•H&M: How ethical are your clothes?
By Lucy Siegle for The Observer
•Land of Wandering Souls - Globalization: Between Fairness and Exploitation
By Richard Behar
•Globalization and Child Labor: The Cause Can Also be a Cure
By Susan Ariel Aaronson, Yale Center for the Study of Globalization
•The Push & Pull of Globalization How the Global Economy Makes Migrant Workers Vulne
By Neha Misra, Solidarity Center Senior Program Officer, Africa

27. Spectrum overview on food market (Perspective:
Globalisation and its impact on different components)

28. Subsistence Growth

Domestic Consumption

RISING Global Demands due to exponential rate of population growth

Over-
exploitation of in less-developed, resource-rich nations? [Economy] ; Shorter fallow period

Environment degradation over
time?
Globalisation and its effect on:
• Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade agreements
[Global economy / Politics]
• Mode (method) and efficiency of
transportation
• Widespread of knowledge on process
innovation (food storage & preservation)
[Technology / Communication]
• Marketing strategies [Global economy]
• Food security
• Mass Production: Implications on
Food safety (Increasing the concern
in modern world)
• Variety and choices
• Changing tastes & preferences;
Adopted different consumption
habits  Cultural shift
http://hybrid.nanobioart.com/sites/default/files/u192/Beef%20Production.JPG

30. The Globalization of “Fast Food”. Behind the Brand: McDonald’s
Biggest fast food chain in the world, with 32,000 outlets in 117 countries
One of the world’s biggest coffee retailers
Provides employment to a staggering 1.7 million people, and in the first three months of 2011 alone it made $1.2bn in
profits
“Golden arches’ shine”
The production of much of the raw products which go into McDonald’s meals, from burger patties to sauces,
is subcontracted to different suppliers, making it impossible to assess the company in terms of a single golden
standard.
All of UK’s burgers: Germany’s Esca Food Solutions, which claims to maintain rigorous standards at its abattoirs and
production plants, and which works closely with 16,000 independent farmers in the UK and Ireland to maintain high
standards.
Fish used in Filet-O-Fish and Fish Finger meals in Europe: Sustainable fisheries certified by the Marine Stewardship
Council.
Fries: McCain’s, the world’s biggest potato supplier, and McDonald’s claims that the vast majority are produced in the
UK, again by independent farmers.
Bread for buns and muffins: Single unnamed supplier based in Heywood, Manchester, and Banbury, Oxfordshire.
Chicken eggs as well as meat in Chicken McNuggets and similar meals: From two suppliers, Sun Valley in the UK
and Moy Park in Northern Ireland, who are in turn owned by the controversial American firm, Cargill, and Brazil’s
Marfrig.
Up to 90 per cent of the meat it uses in the UK is sourced from Cargill and Marfrag facilities in Thailand and Brazil.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-globalization-of-fast-food-behind-the-brand-mcdonald-s/25309

31. Globalisation on FOOD
http://pbs.twimg.com/media/BC9MSTaCUAEhlXM.png:large
BURGERNOMICS
(aka “BIG MAC INDEX”)

32. http://media.economist.com/images/20090124/CIN727.gif
http://wildammo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/bigmac1.jpg
http://cdn.foodbeast.com.s3.amazonaws.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/big-mac-index-jumpie.jpg
The fact that Big Mac can be
used as a global economic
tool for measuring the degree
of over-valuation or under-
valuation of a nation’s
currency has indirectly
highlighted how penetrative
fast food culture has become
worldwide.
Other variants of the Big Mac
Index have been created
using other representative
items such as Starbucks, IKEA,
and iPod.

33. * Does not take into account rate of inflation (sustained increased in General Price Level in a country for ≥ 2 consecutive quarters).
X ∆ R: Value of one’s domestic currency in relation to another country’s country, i.e. Purchasing Power of one’s currency, or the value of goods per unit of
one’s currency can buy in foreign economies.

35. << Click for Extended Reading Package here >>

36. The neck-breaking rate of globalisation in our twenty-first century world
is indeed an unprecedented one. Food producers and suppliers no longer
confine themselves to serving the domestic consumers. Instead, they
prance into the global arena, venture on what seems like greener pastures
to them and reach out to please taste buds of millions worldwide.
Noteworthy successes in global marketing and product branding are
easily observable in Singapore, which has been repeatedly crowned to be
one of the most globalised countries in the world, according to surveys by
KOF Index of Globalisation (see next slide). From rapidly expanding fast-
food and cafés franchises, restaurant chains serving international
delicacies, to an influx of foreign agricultural products in our local
supermarkets after trade agreements have been endorsed, impact of
globalisation on food is closely tagged to our daily lives, and this
worldwide phenomenon should never be under-valued. It is slowly but
surely altering the way the world population consume, and the way we live.

37. Measurement tool of the
“Shrinking World” phenomenon

39. • Globalisation has enabled the global sales of films, TV
and media products
• People all around the world are now feeding on
Western, and increasingly Korean and Japanese, media
for entertainment and information purposes.
• Our diet for foreign media outputs have bestowed
these media exporting countries with the soft power
to dictate global issues.
• Unified world culture that consists of watered-down
versions of regional cultural trends.
• Proponents argue that this only affects things like
consumer goods and the media, while critics worry that
it weakens traditional culture.”

40. Consider the global reach of companies such as Disney, News Corporation and
Time Warner. Their products can be seen globally facilitated by satellite
and the Internet.
Does globalisation cause an
increasing danger of local
cultures becoming eroded and
replaced with a single ‘standard’
culture?
Cultural
Homogenisatio
n

41. Cultural Imperialism:
Process at which one country dominates other countries’ media consumption
and consequently dominates their values and ideologies.
- Cultural homogenisation from the economic-political perspective
USA dominates world media with 85% global film market and
68% of the TV market.
Is the American values and ideologies subtly imposed upon the
rest of the world through media texts and videos?

42. Reception Theory:
Argument that audiences are not
passive observers. They are
capable of discernment and
attaching their own meanings to
media texts.
Audience responses to global
media are highly differentiated
depending on which country they
are viewed in.
Compulsory Reading Article:
Does globalization mean we will become one culture?
(By Mark Pagel for BBC)

44. Internet has been the great equalizer
Whether you are a university professor with a high speed Internet
connection or a poor kid in Asia with access to an Internet café,
you have the same basic access to research information. The
Internet puts an enormous amount of information at our fingertips.
Essentially, all of the information on the Internet is available to
anyone, anywhere, at anytime. It is a tool that connects people
worldwide.

45. Advancements in technology have made it far easier and quicker for
communication to take place between remote locations, it has therefore
shattered spatial limitations.
The implications of this advancement, which accelerated rapidly from the
industrial revolution and continued throughout the previous century, can
be seen everywhere in today’s society.
For example, messengers on horseback became replaced by postal vans,
which in turn we may see completely replaced by email, each being faster
and more convenient than their respective predecessors. The rapidity
with which information can now be moved around the globe has to be a
primary concern when considering globalisation, which is the phenomenon
of social, technological, economic and political homogenisation,
hybridisation and/or interconnection occurring on a global scale.

46. Uprising of social media, new media, pop culture … …

47. Question to ponder:
1.How far is technology a game-changer in the politics of globalisation?
2.Is technology often (mis)used as a vehicle to demonstrate one’s ideologies, garner
global supports and propel one’s career?

48. Extended Reading Package:
•The Emerging Role of Social Media in Political and Regime Change

49. Globalisation (Terrorism)
• Globalisation creates a situation where those that perpetrate terrorism
(be it a state or a non-state group) may be motivated by the inability to
find success in the international commercial arena (or even success
locally). This lack of success may create an inability to provide for oneself
or one’s family, thus creating a need to place blame upon some external
entity. Violence towards the entity may be one way that such states or
individuals relieve that pent-up frustration.
Compulsory Reading Article:
Does globalization mean we will become one culture?
(By Mark Pagel for BBC)
Compulsory Reading
Article:
The Connection Between Glo

51. • Globalisation by itself, is a generic and vague term. It is therefore
important for one to identify the scope of discussion.
• It is critical to differentiate the phenomena of globalisation from the
outcomes of globalisation (eg. Environmental Degradation).
• Due to its nexus nature, the cause-effect fineline of globalisation may
be blurred. (Eg: Improved multi-lateral relations between countries may be both a cause and an effect
of globalization). And so are the key issues pertaining to it.
• This is a shrinking world. Small is the new big.
“Globalisation has enhanced trade relations and transportation of commodities. In view of the soaring world demands for
biofuels, corn and soybean producers are now turning away from selling their yields for consumption purposes.”
Economic (opportunity cost of food consumption)
Environment (Fallow period; degradation; Renewable fuels)
Food security

52. "To think that the world will one day become a global village
is utter nonsense." What do you think?
(HCI Prelim 07)
Question Analysis:
•Global Village: Without political boundaries, everyone is friendly towards
each other. Integrated.
•Utter Nonsense: Absolute. Rubbish. Won’t come true.
Possible Stands:
a) It’s it not an utter nonsense and is absolutely possible.
b) The world can one day become a Global Village, only if…
c) Though it is possible, it is unlikely given…
d) Yes, it is an utter nonsense, poisonous ideal spewed from the mouths
of Fools.

53. "To think that the world will one day become a global
village is utter nonsense." What do you think?
(HCI Prelim 07)
Possible Arguments:
i) Historical trends suggests the possibility of different countries and
states united and becoming one after wars and conflicts(e.g. US &
China’s history). Fortunately for us, we now have international
conventions to reduce such perilous and tragic events, like the UN and
International Court of Justice. This will facilitate the way towards a global
integration
ii) Current trends and problems like environmental degradation,
terrorism, are major roadblocks, feeding on globalisation itself, to
prevent the world from becoming a global village.
iii) The development of technology and increasingly educated civilians,
could solve our problems and help humanity reach a higher level of
enlightenment. Then, earth can truly become a global village.

54. Sample Paragraph:
Based on empirical data, the spread of culture, religion, and
technology, follows the flow of people. The introduction of exotic
spices and tea leaves from Asia to Europe, the spread of Christianity
and Buddhism across continents, and the increasing availability of
technology and knowledge through Internet. Once this diffusion of
reaches an equilibrium, culture across different locations of earth
would be similar with slight variations. However, this is a highly
ideological argument which is made unrealistic immediately when we
see the worrying problems plaguing mankind. Global warming,
depletion of resources, political strife...all of these are definitely
capable of undermining the efforts of globalisation in creating a global
village.
"To think that the world will one day become a global
village is utter nonsense." What do you think?
(HCI Prelim 07)

55. 1. How far do you agree that the costs of globalisation outweighs its
benefits?
2. Economic oligopoly is the root cause of rising poverty and
inequality around the world. Discuss.
3. Do you agree that globalisation is more of a curse than a
blessing?
4. “Unity is diversity”. Can this ever be achieved?
5. Discuss the view that globalisation poses more challenges than
opportunities.
6. Has globalisation brought about a more heterogeneous society or

56. • The impact of globalisation, free trade and technology on food and
nutrition in the new millennium
By Philip McMichael, from Department of Rural Sociology, Cornell
University
• Extract from United Nations Millennium Report
• Review of “The Incredible Shrinking World” (Fall 2005 Issue)
• What factors have contributed to globalisation in recent years?
By Maziar Homayounnejad, Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet
• Globalisation has a darker side – and it’s a challenge to us all
By Iain Martin for The Telegraph