1. Developing Ontologies Joost Breuker

7. an example: newspaper ontology

9. different things or point of view? reasoning method PSM inference deduction abduction classification cover & differentiate PSM hypothesis testing assemble hypothesis match data hypothesis generation predict values obtain data `epistemological’ view `ontological’ view IS-A inferences inferences DEPENDENCY PART-OF

10. (DAML)OWL-S: an `ontology’ for web services

11. Another pseudo-ontology: FOLaw normative reasoning (Valente, Breuker & Brouwer, 99) CASE

15. Sowa’s (1999) top ontology

17. LRI- core ontology for law

21. layers of the Semantic Web OWL

25. …Protégé

42. process and object energy matter process object heat electricity force state substance transfer quantity form position??? aggregation transformation change-of-value is-a change-of-substance mass change is-a is-a is-a part-of heat exchange radiation movement

43. …processes in OWL-S….

51. the world of occurrences-3 events & states of objects desk floor teapot ball T-2 T-1 move/fall move/fall move/fall move/fall break collide move/fall

52. the world of occurrences-4 identifying processes desk floor ball T-2 teapot T-1 move/fall move/fall move/fall move/fall break collide move/fall support support

53. the world of occurrences-5 identifying causation desk floor ball teapot move/fall move/fall move/fall move/fall break collide move/fall support support

56. mapping processes to events something event/ state causation subject role object process (type) force resource role subject role resource role causality space time contextualization instanciation

58. What information can we see… WWW2002 The eleventh international world wide web conference Sheraton waikiki hotel Honolulu, hawaii, USA 7-11 may 2002 1 location 5 days learn interact Registered participants coming from australia, canada, chile denmark, france, germany, ghana, hong kong, india, ireland, italy, japan, malta, new zealand, the netherlands, norway, singapore, switzerland, the united kingdom, the united states, vietnam, zaire Register now On the 7 th May Honolulu will provide the backdrop of the eleventh international world wide web conference. This prestigious event … Speakers confirmed Tim Berners-Lee Tim is the well known inventor of the Web, … Ian Foster Ian is the pioneer of the Grid, the next generation internet …

59. What information can a machine see…            …   …  …

60. Solution: XML markup with “meaningful” tags? <name>   </name> <location>   </location> <date>  </date> <slogan>  </slogan> <participants>   </participants> <introduction>    …  </introduction> <speaker>  </speaker> <bio>  </bio > …

61. But What About… <conf>   </conf> <place>   </place> <date>  </date> <slogan>  </slogan> <participants>   </participants> <introduction>    …  </introduction> <speaker>  </speaker> <bio>  …

62. Machine sees… <  >   </  > <  >   </  > <  >  </  > <  >  </  > <  >   </  > <  >    …  </  > <  >  </  > <  >  </  > <  >  </  > <  >  </  >