Presented by Muhammad Rizwan Riaz

2. M. Rizwan Riaz 2007-CIV-142
Muhammad Ammar 2007-CIV-136
Syed Murtaza Abbas 2007-CIV-140

5. History
Year Location Magnitude Deaths
893 Shahbandar, Sindh 8.0 1 50 000
1668 Shahbandar, Sindh 7.6 50 000
1819 Allahband, Sindh 7.5 3 200
1827 Lahore, Punjab 7.8 1 000
1935 Alijan, Balochistan 7.7 40 000
1945 Balochistan 7.8 4 000
1974 Hunza, KPK 6.2 5 300
2005 Muzaferabad, AJK 7.8 80 000
2011 Dalbandin, Balochistan 7.2 NIL
Source: JANG Magazine (Prof. Mona Liza)

6. Magnitude & Scale
 The Moment magnitude scale (abbreviated as
MMS; denoted as MW) is used to measure the
size of earthquakes in terms of the energy
released.
 The scale was developed in the 1970’s to succeed
the 1930’s-era Richter magnitude scale (ML)
 Richer scale is improved form of Marcalli scale.

7. Richter Scale
Source: www.setileague.org

8. Tectonic Plates
 Tectonic plates are large plates of rock
that make up the foundation of the
earth's crust.
 There are ten major plates on the earth
and many more minor ones.
 The plates are most famously known
for being the source of Earthquakes.

9. Pakistan Tectonic Plates
• Pakistan overlaps
with the Indian and
the Eurasian tectonic
plates.
• Sindh and Punjab lie
on Indian plate.
• Balochistan and
Khyber Pukhtunkhwa
lie within the Eurasian
plate.
Source: www.ecogeodb.com

10. Seismic Zones of Pakistan
Source: NESPAK

11. 2005 EARTHQUAKE
(Muzafferabad, AJK)

12. Earthquake Details
Magnitude 7.8
Saturday, October 08, 2005 at 08:52:37
Date/Time
AM
Location Muzafferabad, AJK
Depth 26 km (16.2 miles)
105 km (65 miles) NE of ISLAMABAD,
Distance
Pakistan
Source: www. earthquake.usgs.gov

13. Source: www.thepakistanquake.com

14. 13th Deadliest Earthquake
Source: www.thepakistanquake.com

15. Losses
Source: www.skidmail.com

16. Losses
 87,000 Dead (According to World Bank
Report)
 100,000 injured
 171,884 houses completely demolished
 4 Million people homeless in 1,083 villages
of Azad Kashmir
 In Kashmir, the districts of Muzaffarabad,
Bagh and Rawlakot were the most affected.
Source: www.dripireland.org

17. Earthquake vs Tsunami
The adverse effects of this
earthquake are estimated
to be larger than those of
the Tsunami of December
2004

18. Reasons of Destruction
 Stone masonry buildings (with poor bonding)
 No horizontal bond beams were provided at
the levels of plinth, or roof
 No vertical members of concrete or wood
were provided in walls
 In some cases, certainly due to economic
constraints, the stones were observed to have
been laid even dry (no mortar at all) and the
gaps were filled by small pieces of stones

19. Reasons of destruction
 Poor quality of concrete
used for fabrication of
blocks
 Inadequate thickness of
walls (6 inch)
 No integrity of the wall
in the transverse
direction
 Weak connections at
corners
 Inadequate lap splices

20. ERRA
 The Govt. of Pakistan established the
Earthquake Reconstruction and
Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA) on
October 24, 2005 to take up the task of
rebuilding in the earthquake affected
regions.
 It includes civil servants, armed forces
personnel and international
consultants.
 ERRA’s mission was to “Convert this
Adversity into an Opportunity” by
reconstructing the lost and destroyed
facilities.

21. NDMA
 National Disaster
Management Authority
(NDMA), is the lead agency
at the Federal level to deal
with Disaster Management
Activities.
 In event of disaster,
Government Ministries &
Departments, Armed Forces,
NGOs, work through and
from NDMA to conduct one
window operation.

22. 2011 Earthquake, Pakistan
Magnitude 7.2
Date/Time Friday, January 19, 2011 at 01:23 AM
Location Dalbandin, Balochistan
Depth 84 km (52 miles)
45 kilometers west of Dalbandin in
Distance
Balochistan.
Source: www. earthquake.usgs.gov

23. 2005 vs 2011 Earthquake
 2005 Earthquake was Disaster while 2011
Earthquake was Hazard.
 2005- Magnitude 7.8 & Densely populated areas.
 2011- Magnitude 7.2 but Sparsely populated areas.
 2005- 80 000+ people died.
 2011- No major loss.
 HAZARD can become DISASTER, if earthquake
comes in Densely populated areas or near Coastal
Areas.

24. Constraints
 Lack of latest equipments.
 Lack of funding from Govt.
 Lack of implementation of Seismic Building
Codes.
 Lack of public awareness.
 Lack of training programs and workshops.
 Poverty

25. Thank You !